Aktivitas Larvasida Ekstrak Daun Tumih (Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miq.) Danser) terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti

https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.46208

Renhart Jemi(1*), Royda Dara Ertini Damanik(2), Lies Indrayanti(3)

(1) Jurusan Kehutanan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Palangka Raya
(2) Jurusan Kehutanan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Palangka Raya
(3) Jurusan Kehutanan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Palangka Raya
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kadar ekstrak daun tumih dan menguji aktivitas larvasidanya terhadap Aedes aegypti. Daun tumih dimaserasi dan difraksinasi dengan pelarut metanol, n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol. Aktivitas larvasida ekstrak diuji dengan konsentrasi 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, dan 100 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen dari ekstraksi daun tumih pada berbagai larutan adalah sebagai berikut ekstrak metanol sebesar 15%, n-heksana 51%, etil asetat 35% dan etanol 85%. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol daun tumih positif mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin. Pengujian larvasida ekstrak daun tumih menunjukkan pengaruh terhadap mortalitas larva Aedes aegypti. Aktivitas larvasida ekstrak daun tumih optimum pada ekstrak etil asetat dengan LC(50) = 24,54 ppm, ekstrak metanol LC(50) = 45,65 ppm, ekstrak etanol LC(50) = 46,77 ppm dan ekstrak n-heksana LC(50) = 48,97 ppm. Ekstrak etil asetat daun tumih merupakan ekstrak teraktif dalam aktivitas larvasidanya. Selanjutnya, analisis FT-IR menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi C-H alkana dan C = C aromatik. Gugus fungsi tersebut diduga penyusun senyawa alkaloid, flavanoid, saponin, dan tanin. Hasil analisis LCMS mengindikasikan adanya 7 senyawa bioaktif yaitu hexadecyl-ferulate, 21-o-methyl toosendanopentaol, 23-acetate alismaketone, dehydroxy-24-acetate alisol, physanol, prosapogenin 2, dan stigmastan-3,6-dione

 

Larvacide Activity of Tumih (Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miq.)Danser) Leaf Extracts against Aedes aegypti

Abstract

This research aimed to measure the content of Combretocarpus Rotundatus (Miq.) Danser leaf extracts and to test its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. The leaves were macerated and fractionated using methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The extract contents from the leaves extraction were metanol extract of 15%, n-hexane extract of 51%, ethyl acetate extract of 35% and ethanol extract of 85%. The larvicidal activity of extracts was tested with concentration of 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. Phytochemicals test exhibited that the methanol extract of Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miq.) Danser leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Larvicidal test conducted on the extracts exhibited an effect on the mortality levels against Aedes aegypti larvae. The larvicidal activity of leaf extracts was optimum in the ethyl acetate extract at LC(50) = 24.54 ppm, methanol extract at LC(50) = 45.65 ppm, ethanol extract at LC(50) = 46.77 ppm, and n-hexane extract at LC(50 = 48.97 ppm. It was found that the ethyl acetate extract was the most active larvicide. FT-IR analysis showed existing functional groups of C-H alkanes and C=C aromatics. Those functional groups were assumed to be flavanoid, alkaloid, saponin, and tannin constituents. Results of LC-MS analysis indicated 7 bioactive compounds i.e.hexadecyl-ferulate, 21-o-methyl toosendanopentaol, 23-acetate alismaketone, dehydroxy-24-acetate alisol, prosapogenin 2, and stigmastan-3,6- dione.


Keywords


Aedes aegypti; mortalit ; larvicide; leaves extract; LC(50)

Full Text:

PDF


References

Aberoinmand A. 2012. Screening of phytochemical com­pounds and toxic proteinaceous protease inhibitor in some lesser-known food based plants and their effects and potensial application in food. International Jour­nal of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering 2(2): 1-5.

Adityo R, Kurniawan B, Mustofa S. 2013. Uji efek fraksi metanol ekstrak batang Kecombrang (Etlingera ela­tior) sebagai larvasida terhadap larva instar III Aedes aegypti. MAJORITY (Medical Journal of Lampung University) 10(3):156-164.

Amir H, Butt BZ, Vehra SE. 2017. Evaluation of larvicidal activity of Parthenium hysterophorus against Aedes aegypti. International Journal of Mosquito Research 4(2): 01-04

Ardiyanto WN. 2011. Fenologi jenis-jenis pohon hutan rawa gambut.Hlm. 96-102.Prosiding Seminar Hasil Hasil Penelitian BPTKSDA Samboja. Balikpapan, 3 Novem­ber 2011.

Bagavan A, Rahuman AA, Kamaraj C, Geetha K. 2008. Larvicidal activity of saponin from Achyranthes as­pera against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefascia­tus (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal Parasitology 103(3): 223–229.

Banu KS, Cathrine I. 2015. General techniques involved in pyhtochemical analysis. International Journal of Ad­vanced Research in Chemical Science 3(4): 25-32.

Bargah KR. 2015. Preliminary test of phytochemical screen­ing of crude ethanolic and aqueus extract of Moringa pterygosperma Gaeth. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 4(1): 07-09.

Cania F, Setyaningrum E. 2013. Uji efektivitas larvasida ek­strak daun legundi (Vitex trifolia) terhadap larva Ae­des aegypti.Medical Journal of Lampung University 2(4): 10-15

Chandra RA. 2012. Isolasi uji aktivitas antitoksid dan sen­yawa alkaloid dari ekstrak daun Phoebe decliana Ness. Skripsi (Tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam UI, Depok.

Edewor TI, Owa SO, Ologan AO, Akinfemi F. 2016.Quantita­tive determination of the saponin content and GC-MS study of the medicinal plant Cassytha filiformis (linn.) leaves. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 4(2): 154-156.

Florence AR, Solomon J. 2016. Larvicidal activity of Gme­lina asiatica L. leaf extracts against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Annals of Biological Research 7(1): 12-20.

Gautam K, Kumar P, Poonia S. 2013. Larvicidal activity and GC-MS analysis of flavonoids of Vitex negundo,and Andrographis paniculata against two vector mosqui­toes Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases 50(3): 171-178.

Gaspasr EMM, Higuinaldo JC,Neves. 1993. Steroid con­stituents from mature wheat straw. Phytochemistry 34(2):523-527.

Geris R, Ribeiro. RP, Brandão DSM, Heloísa HGDSH, Ion­izete. GDS. 2012. Bioactive natural products as poten­tial candidates to control Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry 37(4): 277-376

Guierrez MP, Aubrey, Antepuese NA, Adrian AI, Eugenio, Flieurelle MI, Santos. 2014. Larvicidal activity of se­lected plant extracts against the dengeue vector Aedes aegypti mosquito. International Research Journal of Biological Science 3(4): 23-32.

Guiterres A, Rio JCL, Matines MJ, Martines AT. 1999. Fun­gal degradation of lipophilic extractives in Eucalyptus globules wood. Applied and Environmental Microbi­ology 64(4): 1367-1371

Haditomo I. 2010. Efek larvasida ekstrak daun cengkeh (Syzgium Aromaticum L) terhadap Aedes Aegypti L. Skripsi (Tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta.

Handayani S. 2013. Kandungan flavonoid kulit batang dan daun pohon api-api (Avicennia marina (Forks.)Vierh.) sebagai senyawa aktif antioksidan. Skripsi (Tidak di­publikasikan). Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan IPB, Bogor.

Hampel D, Robinson AL, Johnson AJ, Ebeler SE. 2014. Di­rect hydrolysis and analysis of glycosidically bound aroma compounds in grapes and wines: compari­son of hydrolysis conditions and sample preparation methods. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Re­search 20(3): 1-17.

Hill RA, Krik DN, Makin HLJ, Murphy GM. 1991. Dictionary of steroid index. Chapman & Hall, London.

Hong JM, Kwon OK, Shin HH, Jeon CM, Oh SR, Han SB, Ahn KS. 2015. Anti-inflammatory activities of Physa­lis alkekeng va. Francheti extract through the inhibi­tion of MMP-9 and AP-1 activation. Immunobiology 220(1): 1-9.

Huang RC, Suenaga H, Jian-Bo Z, Nakatani M. 1995. Insect antifeeding property of limonoids from Okinawan and Chinese Melia azedarach and from Chinese Melia toosendan (Meliaceas). Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 59(9): 1755-1757.

Jeradat N, Hussen F, Ali AA. 2015. Preliminary phytochem­ical screening, quantitative estimation of total flava­noid, total phenol and antioxidant activity of Ephedra alata Deene. Journal of Material and Environmental Science 6(6): 1771-1778.

Jian-Long Z, Hai-Yan T, Li J, Jun L, Luo C, Wen-Cai Y, Ren- Wang J. 2012. Steroids with inhibitory activity against the prostate cancer cells and chemical diversity of marine alga Tydemania expeditionis. Fitoterapi 83(5): 973-978.

Kissinger, Thamrin G, Muhanayah R. 2012. Konservasi keanekaragaman hayati hutan kerangas berbasis pen­emuan bioaktivitas tumbuhan sebagai antidiabetes. Prosiding InSiNes 1316 (3): 238-241.

Kissinger, Zuhud EAM, Latifah, Darusman, Iskandar. 2013. Penapisan senyawa fitokimia dan pengujian antioksi­dan ekstrak daun pohon merapat (Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miq.) dari hutan kerangas. Jurnal Peneli­tian Hasil Hutan 31(1): 9-18.

Kim S, Ahn Y. 2017. Larvicidal activity of lignans and alkaloid identified in Zanthoxylum piperitum bark toward insec­ticide-susceptible and wild Culex pipiens pallens and Ae­des aegypti. Journal Parasit Vectors 10(2): 221-226.

Konoshima T, Fukushima H, Inul H, Sato K, Sawada T. 1981. The structure of prosapogenin obtained from the saponin of Gleditsia japonica. Phytochemistry 20(1): 139-142.

Kovganko NV, Survilo VL. 2000. New sysnthesis of ecdys­teroids based on stigmasterol. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 36(4):377-380.

Kuljanabhagavad T, Thongphasuk P, Chamulitrat W, Wink M. 2008. Triterpene saponins from Chenopodium qui­noa Willd. Phytochemistry 69(1):1919–1926.

Lawrens FIJ, Wahoyongan GJ, Bernaad JB. 2014. Pengaruh dosis abate terhadap jumlah populasi jentik nyamuk Ades aegypti di Kecamatan Malayang Kota Manado. Skripsi (Tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado.

Lee AS, Jo KH, Im OB, Kim S, Whang KW, Ko KS. 2012. Change in the contents of prosapogenin in the red gin­seng (Panax ginseng) depending on steaming batches. Journal Gingseng Research 36(1): 102-106.

Lelono RAA, Tachibana S, Toh K. 2009. Isolation of anti­fungal compounds from Gardenia jasminoides. Paki­stan Journal of Biological Sciences 12(3):949-956.

Limin ZA. 2014. Keawetan alami kayu tumih (Combreto­carpus rotundatus (Miq.) Danser) dari serangan ray­ap kayu kering, rayap tanah dan jamur pelapuk kayu. Skripsi (Tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Kehutanan IPB, Bogor.

Liu Y, Nyberg NT, Jäger AK, Staerk D. 2017. Facilitated vi­sual interpretation of scores in principal component analysis by bioactivity-labeling of 1H NMR spectra - metabolomics investigation and identification of a new -glucosidase inhibitor in Radix Astragali. Mole­cules 22(3): 2-12.

Maitera ON, Chukkol IB. 2016. Phytochemical and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis of Faidher­bia Albida (Del) as a preservative agent. World Journal of Research and Review 3(3): 25-29.

Matsuda H, Toguchida I, Kageura T, Yoshikawa M. 1999. Effects of sesquiterpenes and triterpenes from the rhi­zome of Alisma orientale on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages: Absolute stereostructures of alismaketones-b 23-acetate and -c 23-acetate. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 9(21): 3081-3086.

Munawaroh S, Handayani PA. 2010. Ekstraksi minyak daun jeruk purut (Cirus hystrix D.C.) dengan pelarut etanol dan n-heksana. Jurnal Kompetensi Teknik 2(1): 73-78.

Nakajima Y, Satoh Y, Katsuma M, Tsujiyama K, Ida Y, Shoji J. 1994. Terpenoid of Alisma oreintale rhizome and the crude drug alismatis rhizome. Phytochemistry 36(1): 119-127.

Ningsih D, Zusfahir, Kartika D. 2016. Identifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder serta uji aktivitas ekstrak daun sirsak sebagai antibakteri. Molekul 11(1):101 – 111.

Nugroho A. 2011. Kematian larva Aedes aegypti setelah pemberian abate dibandingkan dengan pemberian serbuk serai. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 7(1): 91-96.

Ogihara Y, Chen Y, Kobayashi Y. 1987. A new prosapogenin from Hovenia saponin D by mild alkaline degradation. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 35(6): 2574-2575..

Putri WS, Warditiani NK. Larasanty LPF. 2013. Skrinning fitokimia ekstrak etil asetat kulit buah Manggis (Gar­cinia mangostana L.). Skripsi (Tidak Dipublikasikan). Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Udayana, Bali.

Putri LN. 2013. Uji aktivitas larvasida fraksi etil asetat ek­strak etanol kulit batang karet India (Ficus elastica Nois exb Blume) serta skrining fitokimianya. Skripsi (Tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Surakarta, Solo

Radulović NS, Derdević ND. 2011. Steroids from poison hem­lock (Conium maculatum L.): a GC–MS analysis. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 76(11): 1471–1483.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.46208

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 5943 | views : 5467

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2019 Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

© Editorial Board Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Building D 2nd floor
Jl. Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
Phone. +62-274-512102, +62-274-550541, +62-274-6491420
Fax. +62-274-550541 E-mail : jik@ugm.ac.id
former website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/
new website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/jik/

 

Indexed by:

 

Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan is under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International