Okupansi Kukang Jawa (Nycticebus javanicus E. Geoffroy 1812) di Hutan Tropis Dataran Rendah di Kemuning, Bejen, Temanggung, Jawa Tengah

https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.46141

Mahfut Sodik(1*), Satyawan Pudyatmoko(2), Pujo Semedi Hargo Yuwono(3)

(1) Program Doktoral Ilmu Kehutanan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Faktor kehilangan/berkurangnya habitat, dan fragmentasi habitat dapat memberikan dampak buruk terhadap kukang Jawa (Nycticebus javanicus), satwa primata nokturnal yang tergolong dalam kategori Critically Endangered. Kukang Jawa yang hidup di hutan yang terfragmentasi merasakan dampak negatif dari faktor- faktor tersebut dan hal tersebut juga dapat memengaruhi okupansi dalam sebuah kawasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi okupansi habitat oleh kukang Jawa di hutan dataran rendah yang terfragmentasi di Kemuning, Temanggung, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Untuk mem­perkirakan proporsi penggunaan wilayah, probabilitas detek­si (detection probability) dan faktor – faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap okupansi habitat oleh kukang Jawa, kami menggunakan occupancy model of a single-season. Sebanyak 5 kali ulangan survei malam pada tahun 2017 digunakan sebagai data pokok di dalam model okupansi. Metode pengambilan data lingkungan dan data anthropogenic menggunakan observasi lapangan dan interview dengan masyarakat lokal. Kami membagi lokasi penelitian menjadi 141 grid dengan ukuran 200 m x 200 m (4 ha) sebagai acuan dalam survei malam dengan jalur. Data kovariat lingkungan yang diukur adalah jarak dari jalan, jarak dari tepi hutan, jarak dari pemukiman, jarak dari sumber air, ketinggian tempat, dan kemiringan lahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kukang Jawa menghuni habitat sekitar 23,2% dari keseluruhan areal di hutan Kemuning. Jarak dari jalan dan jarak dari sumber air (sungai) berkorelasi positif terhadap tingkat hunian, sedang jarak dari pemukiman berkorelasi negatif terhadap tingkat hunian dari kukang Jawa. Data dan informasi kuantitatif yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini penting untuk mengetahui kebutuhan sumber daya jangka panjang populasi kukang Jawa khususnya di hutan Kemuning. Selanjutnya diharapkan pemerintah Indonesia atau stakeholder terkait dapat melakukan upaya konservasi dan rencana strategi pengelolaan spesies kukang Jawa dengan baik khususnya di hutan dataran rendah yang terfragmentasi.


Occupancy of Javan Slow Loris (Nyticebus javanicus E. Geoffroy 1812) in Kemuning Tropical Low Land Forest, Bejen, Temanggung, Central Java 

Abstract 

Habitat loss and landscape fragmentation have a negative impact on the Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus), a Critically Endangered nocturnal primate species. Slow lorises in remaining forest fragments might be suffered and affect their occupancy behavior. We aim to investigate the determinant factors for the probability of habitat occupancy by the javan slow loris in Kemuning forest fragment of Temanggung District, Central Java. To estimate the site occupancy rate, detection probability, and the determinant factor of site use by Nycticebus javanicus, we employed the occupancy model of a single-season using night surveys. Five repeated night surveys in 2017 were used as the main basis data for the occupancy model. We used direct observation and interview with locals to collect data on environmental and anthropogenic features. We divided the study area into 141 grids with 200 m x 200 m (4 ha) each which were the basis for the night survey following existing walking paths. The influence of six covariates was assessed to determine of site use by Nycticebus javanicus: distance to road, distance to forest edge, distance to the settlement, distance to water source, altitude, and elevation. The result shows that the probability of site use occupied by Nycticebus javanicus was 23.2% of the total area. Distance to roads and distance to water source have a positive correlation with the probability of site use, whereas the influence of distance to settlements has a negative correlation with the site use of the species. Such quantitative data and information gained in this research are important to know for the long term resource needs of the Nycticebus javanicus, especially in the Kemuning forest. Therefore, the Indonesian Government or related stakeholders can formulate the detail conservation plans of the species, especially in the lowland fragmented tropical forest.



Keywords


Kemuning forest; night survey; Nycticebus javanicus; occupancy modelling; site use

Full Text:

PDF


References

Balen SV. 1999. Birds on fragmented islands persistence in the forests of Java and Bali. PhD Thesis. Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands Dewi AH. 2010. Kelembagaan pengelolaan kopi di bawah tegakan dalam sistem PHBM dan kontribusinya ter¬hadap pendapatan petani (Kasus di Desa Kemuning BKPH Candiroto KPH Kedu Utara Perum Perhutani Unit I Jawa Tengah), Skripsi (Tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. Grove C. 2001. Primate taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC. Haidir IA, Albert WR, Pinondang IMR, Ariyanto T, Wido¬do FA, Ardiantiono. 2017. Buku panduan pemantauan populasi harimau Sumatera. Direktorat Jenderal Kon¬servasi Sumber Daya Alam dan Ekosistem, Kemente¬rian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Jakarta. Imron MA, Sinaga JO. 2007. Manusia dan distribusi ban¬teng (Bos javanicus D’Alton 1832) di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 2(2):47–54. Johns AD. 1986. Effects of selective logging on the behav¬ioral ecology of West Malaysian primates.” Ecology 67(3):684–694. Krisanti AA, Widiyani T, Imron MA. 2017. Species diversity and population distribution of arboreal mammals in Kemuning Forest, Temanggung , Central Java, Indo¬nesia. Biodiversitas 18:1190–1195. DOI:10:13057/biodiv/ d180342. Laidlaw RK. 2000. Effects of habitat disturbance and pro¬tected areas on mammals of Peninsular Malaysia. Conservation Biology 14(6):1639–1648. Laurance WF, Lovejoy TE, Heraldo L, Vasconcelos, Bruna EM, Didham RK, Stouffer PC, Gascon C, Bierregaard RO, Laurance SG, Sampaio E. 2002. Ecosystem decay of Amazonian forest fragments : A 22-year investiga¬tion. Conservation Biology 16(3):605–618. Matthew L, Dinata Y, Nugroho A, Haidir IA. 2007. Estimat¬ing occupancy of a data deficient mammalian species living in tropical rainforests: Sun bears in the Kerin¬ci Seblat region, Sumatra.” Biological Conservation 7:20–27. MacKenzie DI, Nichols JD, Lachman GB, Droege S, Royle AJ, Langtimm CA. 2002. Estimating site occupancy rates when detection probabilities are less than one. Ecology 83(8):2248–255. Mackenzie DI, Royle JA. 2005. Designing occupancy stud¬ies: general advice and allocating survey effort. Journal of Applied Ecology 42(6):1105–1114. MacKenzie DI, Nichols JD, Royle JA, Pollock KH, Bailey LL, Hines JE. 2006. Occupancy estimation and modeling. Inferring patterns and dynamics of species occur¬rence. Elsevier Academic Press, London, UK. Mittermeier RA, Wallis J, Rylands AB, Ganzhorn JU, Oates JF, Williamson A, Palacios E, Heymann EW, Kierulff M, Cecília M, Y Long, Supriyatna J, Roos C, Walker S, Cortés-ortiz L, Schwitzer C. 2010. Primates in per¬il: The world ’s 25 most endangered primates 2008 – 2010. Primate Conservation 24:1–57. Morrison LM, Marcot BG, Mannan RW. 2006. Wildlife-hab¬itat relationship. Third Ed. Island Press, Washington. Nekaris KAI, Blackham G, Nijman V. 2008. Conservation implications of low encounter rates of five nocturnal primate species ( Nycticebus Spp .) in Asia. Biodiversi¬ty and Conservation 17:733–747. Nekaris KAI. 2014. Extreme primates : Ecology and evo¬lution of Asian lorises. Evolutionary Anthropology 187:177–187. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21425. Nekaris KAI, Nijman V. 2007. CITES proposal highlights rarity of Asian nocturnal primates (Lorisidae: Nyc¬ticebus) Folia Primatology 78:211–214. Nekaris KAI, Poindexter S, Reinhardt KD, Sigaud M, Ca¬bana F, Wirdateti W, Nijman V. 2017. Coexistence be¬tween Javan slow lorises (Nycticebus javanicus) and humans in a dynamic agroforestry landscape in West Java. International Journal of Primatology 38(2): 303- 320. Nekaris KAI, Jaffe S. 2007. Unexpected diversity of slow lorises (Nycticebus Spp) within the Javan pet trade: Implications for slow loris taxonomy. Contributions to Zoology 76(3):187–196. Nekaris KAI, Karmele LS, Thorn JS, Winarti I, Nijman V. 2008. Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus E. Geof¬froy, 1812) Indonesia. Primates in Peril 51: 44–46. Pudyatmoko S, Djuwantoko, Sabarno Y. 2007. Evidence of banteng (Bos javanicus) decline in Baluran National Park, Indonesia. Journal of Biological Sciences 7:854– 859. Reinhardt KD, Wirdateti, Nekaris KAI. 2016. “Climate-Me¬diated Activity of the Javan Slow Loris, Nycticebus ja¬vanicus. Environmental Science 3(April):249–260. Smiet AC. 1990. Forest Ecologt on Java: Conversion and Usage in A Historical Perspective. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 2(4):286–302. Sprem N, Frantz AC, Cubric-curik V, Safner T, Curik I. 2013. Influence of habitat fragmentation on population structure of red deer in Croatia. Mammalian Biology 78:290–95. Steinmetz R, Seuaturien N, Chutipong W. 2013. “Tigers, leopards, and dholes in a half-empty forest: assessing species interactions in a guild of threatened carni¬vores. Biological Conservation 163:68–78. Retrieved (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.016). Sutherland WJ. 1996. Oxford series in ecology and evolu¬tion. Population to behaviour individual from evolu¬tion and ecologi. Oxford University Press. Thorn JS, Nijman V, Smith D, Nekaris KAI. 2009. Eco¬logical niche modelling as a technique for assessing threats and setting conservation priorities for Asian slow lorises (Primates : Nycticebus).” Diversity and Distribution 15:289–98. https://doi.org/10.1111//j.1472- 4642.2008.00535.x. Voskamp A, Rode EJ, Coudrat CNZ, Wirdateti, Abinawanto, Wilso RJ, Nekaris KAI. 2014. Modelling the habitat use and distribution of the threatened Javan Slow Loris Nycticebus Javanicus. Endangered Species Research 23 (3): 277-286. https://doi.org/10/3354/esr00574. Whitmore TC. 1975. Tropical rain forests of the far east. Cla¬redon Press, Oxford. Wirdateti. 1999. Kekerabatan kukang (Nycticebus cou¬cang) di Indonesia dengan menggunakan penanda control region DNA mitokondria (mtDNA) melalui teknik PCR-RFLP, Thesis (tidak dipublikasikan), In¬stitut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. Wirdateti. 2012. Sebaran habitat kukang Jawa (Nycticebus javanicus) di area perkebunan sayur Gunung Papan¬dayan, Kabupaten Garut. Berita Biologi 11(April). Wiens F. 2002. Behavior and ecology of wild slow lorises (Nycticebus coucang), social organization, infant care system, and diet. Disertasi (tidak dipublikasikan). De¬partement of Animal Physiology, Bayreuth University, 118pp. WRI (World Resources Institute). 2004. Regional Resour ces for Asia On-line Electronic Data Base. The Envi¬ronmental Information Portal. World Resources Insti¬tute World Resources Institute, Washington D.C.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.46141

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 10489 | views : 11190

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2019 Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/


© Editorial Board Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Building D 2nd floor
Jl. Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
Phone. +62-274-512102, +62-274-550541, +62-274-6491420
Fax. +62-274-550541 E-mail : jik@ugm.ac.id
former website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/
new website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/jik/

 

Indexed by:

 

Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan is under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International