Pemodelan Spasial Resiliensi Ekosistem Gunungapi Merapi Pasca Erupsi

https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.16509

Emma Soraya(1*), Wahyu Wardhana(2), Ronggo Sadono(3)

(1) Departemen Manajemen Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281
(2) Departemen Manajemen Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281
(3) Departemen Manajemen Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Kemampuan ekosistem hutan di wilayah gunungapi pasca erupsi dapat kembali berfungsi seperti sebelumnya sangat dipengaruhi oleh resiliensi atau daya lentur/lembam ekosistem tersebut. Resiliensi suatu ekosistem dalam studi ini didefinisikan sebagai kemampuan ekosistem untuk bangkit kembali setelah guncangan/gangguan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memodelkan sebaran resiliensi spasial ekosistem hutan di kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi (TNGM) lima tahun pasca erupsi dan intervensi restorasi. Analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan penginderaan jauh multi temporal dan analisis spasial menggunakan sistem informasi geografis untuk menggambarkan perubahan kondisi ekosistem gunungapi sebelum dan pasca erupsi dan kegiatan restorasi. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa setelah lima tahun pasca erupsi, telah terjadi transisi resiliensi/perbaikan ekosistem dari lahan terbuka ke lahan dengan tutupan vegetasi berupa rumput, semak belukar, dan hutan sekunder. Transisi resiliensi ini terjadi baik secara suksesi alami maupun campur tangan manusia dalam bentuk tindakan restorasi. Salah satu catatan hasil dari penelitian ini antara lain adalah keberhasilan kegiatan restorasi untuk mengembalikan kondisi ekosistem seperti sebelum erupsi tidak selalu dapat dideteksi dalam jangka lima tahun setelah erupsi.

 

Kata kunci: Gunungapi Merapi; multi temporal; penginderaan jauh; resiliensi spasial; sistem informasi geografis

 

Spatial Resilience Modelling of Merapi Volcano Ecosystem Post-Eruption

The ability of volcano ecosystem to recover post an eruption to the pre eruption status is affected by its ecological resilience. Resilience of an ecosystem can be defined as the ability of an ecosystem to bounch back after (a) disturbance(s). This study aimed to model spatial resilience of Merapi volcano ecosystem within the area of National Park of Merapi Volcano (TNGM) five years post 2010 eruption and restoration intervention. Analysis was conducted using multi temporal remote sensing and spatial analysis using geographic information system to draw the changes of the ecosystem over time, particularly post eruption and restoration actions. The modelling resulted that five years post eruption, there was resilience transisition/ recovery in volcano ecosystem in TNGM post 2010 eruption. The resilience was shown by the changes from open area to vegetation covers as grass, shrubs, and secondary forests. The transitions occured in term of natural succession as well as human intervention in restoration programs. However, the success of restoration actions to recover the ecosystem to the pre eruption status was not always able to be detected within the period of five years post eruption.


Keywords


spatial resilience; Merapi Volcano; remote sensing; multi temporal; geographic information system

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Brand FS & Jax K. 2007. Focusing the meaning (s) of resilience: resilience as a descriptive concept and a boundary object. Ecology and Society 12(1), 23.
  2. BSN. 2010. Klasifikasi penutup lahan - SNI 7645.
  3. Carpenter S & Brock WA. 2004. Spatial complexity, resilience, and policy diversity: Fishing on Lake-Rich Landscapes. Ecology and Society 9(1), 8.
  4. Churchill DJ, Larson AJ, Dahlgreen MC, Franklin JF, Hessburg PF, & Lutz JA. 2013. Restoring forest resilience: From reference spatial patterns to silvicultural prescriptions and monitoring. Forest Ecology and Management 291, 442-457. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco. 2012.11.007
  5. Cumming GS. 2011. Spatial Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems. Springer Science & Business Media.
  6. del Moral R & Grishin SY. 1999. Volcanic disturbances and ecosystem recovery. Dalam : Ecosystems of Disturbed Ground. Walker LR (Ed.). New York, USA: Elsevier. 137-160.
  7. Drever CR, Peterson G, Messier C, Bergeron Y, & Flannigan M. 2006. Can forest management based on natural disturbances maintain ecological resilience? Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36(9), 2285-2299. doi:10.1139/x06-132
  8. Finegan B & Camacho M. 1999. Stand dynamics in a logged and silviculturally treated Costa Rican rain forest, 1988–1996. Forest Ecology and Management 121(3), 177-189. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00550-7
  9. Gunderson LH. 2000. Ecological resilience--In theory and application. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 31, 425-439. doi: 10.2307/221739
  10. He HS & Mladenoff DJ. 1999. Spatially explicit and stochastic simulation of forest-landscape fire disturbance and succession. Ecology 80(1), 81-99. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[0081: SEASSO]2.0.CO;2
  11. Hessburg PF, Smith BG, & Salter RB. 1999. Detecting change in forest spatial patterns from reference conditions. Ecological Applications 9(4), 1232-1252. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[1232:DCIFSP]2.0.CO;2
  12. Hosonuma N, Herold M., de Sy V, de Fries R S, Brockhaus M, Verchot L, Angelsen A, & Romijn E. 2012. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. Environmental Research Letters 7(4), 409.
  13. Hughes TP, Bellwood DR, Folke C, Steneck RS, & Wilson J. 2005. New paradigms for supporting the resilience of marine ecosystems. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20(7), 380-386. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10/1016/j.tree.2005.03.022
  14. Jensen JR. 2005. Introductory digital image processing. a remote sensing perspective. Prentice Hall series in geographic information science.
  15. Koppel J v. d. & Rietkerk M. 2004. Spatial Interactions and Resilience in Arid Ecosystems. The American Naturalist 163(1), 113-121. doi:10.1086/380571
  16. Maintz T. 2005. Digital and medical image processing. Universiteit Utrecht.
  17. Naveh Z. 2007. Landscape ecology and sustainability. Landscape Ecology 22(10), 1437-1440.
  18. Nyström M & Folke C. 2001. Spatial resilience of coral reefs. Ecosystems 4(5), 406-417. doi:10.1007/s10021-001-0019-y
  19. Nyström M, Graham NAJ, Lokrantz J, & Norström AV. 2008. Capturing the cornerstones of coral reef resilience: linking theory to practice. Coral Reefs 27(4), 795-809. doi:10.1007/s00338-008-0426-z
  20. Pickup G & Foran B. 1987. The use of spectral and spatial variability to monitor cover change on inert landscapes. Remote Sensing of Environment 23(2), 351-363.
  21. Richards JA. 2013. Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis. Springer.
  22. Rowlands G, Purkis S, Riegl B, Metsamaa L, Bruckner A, & Renaud P. 2012. Satellite imaging coral reef resilience at regional scale. A case-study from Saudi Arabia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 64(6), 1222-1237. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10/1016/j.marpolbul.2012.03.003
  23. Scheffer M, Carpenter S, Foley JA, Folke C, & Walker B. 2001. Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems. Nature 413(6856), 591-596. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35098000
  24. Wardhana W, Bomantara F, & Sugiharto. 2011. Historical expansion of private forest in Gunungkidul Distric. Proceeding on Sustainable Development and Food Supply. Kyushu, Japan.
  25. Washington-Allen RA, Ramsey R, West NE, & Norton BE. 2008. Quantification of the ecological resilience of drylands using digital remote sensing. Ecology and Society 13(1), 33.
  26. Wibowo SA. 2015. Prediksi Invasi Acacia decurrens Willd. Menggunakan Pemodelan Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) di Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi. Tesis (Tidak dipublikasikan), Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.16509

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 6421 | views : 8016

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2016 Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

© Editorial Board Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Building D 2nd floor
Jl. Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
Phone. +62-274-512102, +62-274-550541, +62-274-6491420
Fax. +62-274-550541 E-mail : jik@ugm.ac.id
former website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/
new website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/jik/

 

Indexed by:

 

Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan is under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International