Team Monitoring, Does it Matter for Team Performance? Moderating role of Team Monitoring on Team Psychological Safety and Team Learning

https://doi.org/10.22146/jieb.54522

Tarman Budianto(1*), Ely Susanto(2), Sari Sitalaksmi(3), Gugup Kismono(4)

(1) (1) Department of Management, Faculty of Economic and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. (2) Pusdiklat Pegawai, Kemendikbud
(2) Department of Public Policy and Management, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
(3) Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
(4) Department of Management, Faculty of Economic and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Introduction: The use of work teams is a strategy that allows organizations to move faster and more proactively. Team performance is an interesting issue that needs to be studied more extensively. Background Problems: Team psychological safety and team learning have a positive effect on team performance. But in some of the literature, psychological safety has also been shown to have a negative impact on teams when team monitoring is low. This research was conducted to investigate the moderation role of team monitoring and the influence of team learning and team psychological safety on team performance.  Novelty: This research contributes new insights related with team monitoring and its interaction to team learning and team psychological safety on team performance. Team psychological safety has been proven to be able to directly influence team performance indirectly through team learning, but we tested the two separately. Research Methods: This study involved 215 respondents who joined 38 teams. The collected data were analyzed using a regression analysis and bootstrap techniques. Findings: Team monitoring has been shown to have a moderate role in influencing team learning on team performance, but it has not been proven to influence team psychological safety on team performance. The learning and psychological safety of each team proved to have a direct effect on team performance. Conclusion: This paper can guide managers since, at a certain level team monitoring can improve team performance, but too much team monitoring actually has no effect on team performance. Managers need to consider team monitoring policies carefully, to optimizing team performance by managing team learning and building team psychological safety.

Keywords


Team Monitoring, Team Performance, Team Learning, Team Psychological Safety

Full Text:

PDF


References

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191–215.

Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 248–287.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182

Bergmann, B., &Schaeppi, J. (2016). A data-driven approach to group creativity. Harvard Business Review, 12, 43-62.

Barrick, M.R., Mount, M. K., & Li, N. (2013). The theory of purposeful work behavior: The role of personality, job characteristics, and experienced meaningfulness. Academy of Management Review, 38, 132-153.

Biemann, T., Cole, M. S., &Voelpel, S. (2012). Within-group agreement: On the use (and misuse) of rwg and rwg(j) in leadership research and some best practice guidelines. The Leadership Quarterly, 23, 66-80.

Brislin, R. W. (1986). The wording and translation of research instruments. In W. J. Lonner, & J. W. Berry (Eds.). Field methods in cross-cultural research (pp. 137–164). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage

Bunderson, J.S. and Sutcliffe, K.M. (2003), “Management team learning orientation and business unit performance”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88,552-60.

Carlos-Maria Alcover, C.M., Gil. F., & Á. Barrasa. (2004). Team learning: Adaptation of learning activities scales in a Spanish sample. Psicothema, 16(3), 378-383

Cascio, W. F., &Aguinis, H. (2008). Research in industrial and organizational psychology from 1963 to 2007: Changes, choices, and trends. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 1062–1081.

Chan, C.C.A., Pearson, C. and Entrekin, L. (2003),“Examining the effects of internal and external teamlearning on team performance”,Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 9 (7), 174-181

Conger, J. A., Kanungo, R. N., &Menon, S. T. (2000). Charismatic leadership and follower effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(7), 747–767.

Cooper, DR. and PS. Schindler. 2003. Business Research Methods. 8th ed. New York. McGraw Hill.

Curseu, P. L., &Pluut, H. (2018). A systematic investigation of absorptive capacity and external information search in groups. Team Performance Management: An International Journal. 24 (7/8), 411-434

Detert, J. R., & Burris, E. R. (2007). Leadership behavior and employee voice: Is the door really open? Academy of Management Journal, 50, 869–884.

De Jong, B. A., &Elfring, T. (2010). How Does Trust Affect the Performance of Ongoing Teams? The Mediating Role of Reflexivity, Monitoring, and Effort. Academy of Management Journal, 53(3), 535–549.

Dirks, K. T., &Ferrin, D. L. 2001. The role of trust in organizational settings. Organization Science, 12: 450–467.

Edmondson, A. C., & Lei, Z. (2014). Psychological safety: The history, renaissance, and future of an interpersonal construct. The Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 23–43.

Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 350–383.

Edmondson, A. C., Dillon, J. R., &Roloff, K. S. (2007). Three perspectives on team learning: Outcome improvement, task mastery, and group process. Academy of Management Annals, 1, 269–314.

Ellis, A.P.J., Hollenbeck, J.R., Ilgen, D.R., West, B.J., Porter, C.O.L.H. and Moon, H. (2003), “Team learning: collectively connecting the dots”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88 (5), 821-35.

Grossman, R., &Feitosa, J. (2018). Team trust over time: Modeling reciprocal and contextual influences in action teams. Human Resource Management Review, 28(4), 395–410.

Hair JF, Tatham RL, Anderson RE and Black W. (1998).Multivariate data analysis.(Fifth Ed.)Prentice-Hall:London.

Hair, J. F., Black, W.C. Babin, B.J. & Anderson R.E. (2014).Multivariate data analysis, 7 th Eds. Person New International Edition, Harlow; Pearson Education limited.

Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach Second Edition. New York: Guilford Press

Hetzner, S., Heid, H., & Gruber, H. (2012). Change at work and professional learning: How readiness to change, self-determination and personal initiative affect individual learning through reflection. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 27(4), 539-555.

Huber, G.P. (1991), “Organizational learning: the contributing processes and the literatures”, Organizational Science, 2, 88-115.

Jehn, K. A., Rispens, S., &Thatcer, S. M. B. (2010). The Effect of Conflict asymmetry o work group and individual outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 53(3): 596.

Jenkins, G. D., Jr., Mitra, A., Gupta, N., & Shaw, J. D. (1998). Are financial incentives related to performance? A meta-analytic review of empirical research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 777–787

Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692–724.

Kerr, N. L., &Tindale, R. S. (2004). Group Performance and Decision Making. Annual Review of Psychology, 55(1), 623–655.

Kirkman, B.L. (1999). Beyond self-management: Antecedents and consequents of team empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 42, 58–74.

Klein, K. J., & Kozlowski, S. W. J. 2000. From micro to meso: Critical steps in conceptualizing and conducting multilevel research. Organizational Research Methods, 3: 211–236.

Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Chao, G. T. (2012). The Dynamics of Emergence: Cognition and Cohesion in Work Teams. Managerial and Decision Economics, 33(5-6), 335–354.

Langfred, C.W. (2004). Too much of a good thing? Negative effects of high trust and individual autonomy in self-managing teams. Academy of Management Journal, 47, 385–399.

Levitt, B. and March, J.G. (1988), “Organizational learning”, Annual Review of Sociology, 14, 319-40.

Li, A. N., & Tan, H. H. (2012). What happens when you trust your supervisor? Mediators of individual performance in trust relationships. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34, 407–425.

Liu, S., Hu, J., Li, Y., Wang, Z., & Lin, X. (2014). Examining the cross-level relationship between shared leadership and learning in teams: Evidence from China. The Leadership Quarterly, 25, 282–295.

Marks, M. A., & Panzer, F. J. 2004. The influence of team monitoring on team processes and performance. Human Performance, 17(1): 25–41.

May, D. R., Gilson, R. L., & Harter, L.M. (2004). The psychological conditions ofmeaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, 11–37.

Mayer, R. C., & Gavin, M. B. 2005. Trust for management and performance: Who minds the shop while the employees watch the boss? Academy of Management Journal, 48: 874–888.

McAllister, D. J. 1995. Affect-and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 38: 24–59.

Mcgrew, J. F., Bilotta, J. G., &Deeney, J. M. (1999). Software Team Formation and Decay. Small Group Research, 30(2), 209–234.

Nembhard, I. M., & Edmondson, A. (2006). Making it safe: The effects of leader inclusiveness and professional status on psychological safety and improvement efforts in health care teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 941–966.

Neuman, W.L. (2007). Basics of Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. 2nd Edition, Allyn and Bacon, Boston.

Pavitt, C., &Broomell, L. (2015). Group Communication During Resource Dilemmas: 4: The Effect of Group Size. Human Communication Research, 42(1).

Pearsall, M. J., & Ellis, A. P. J. (2011). Thick as thieves: The effects of ethical orientation and psychological safety on unethical team behaviour. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96, 401–411.

Pierce, J. R., &Aguinis, H. (2013). The too-much-of-a-good-thing effect in management. Journal of Management, 39, 313–338.

Rico, R., Sanchez-Manzanares, M., Gil, F., & Gibson, C. 2008. Team implicit coordination processes: A team knowledge–based approach. Academy of Management Review, 33: 163–184

Rosen, L.D., Lim, A.F., Carrier L.M., and Cheever. N.A. (2011) An Empirical Examination of the Educational Impact of TextMessage-Induced Task Switching in the Classroom: Educational Implications and Strategies to Enhance Learning. PsicologíaEducativa. 17 (2); 163-17.

Salas, E., Stagl, K. C., & Burke, C. S. (2004). 25 years of team effectiveness in organizations: research themes and emerging needs. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 19, 47–92.

Salas, E., Sims, D. E., & Burke, C. S. (2005). Is there a “Big Five” in teamwork? Small Group Research, 36(5), 555–599.

Schein, E. H., &Bennis, W. (1965). Personal and organizational change through group methods. New York: Wiley.

Schein, E. H. (1993). On dialogue, culture, and organizational learning. Organizational Dynamics, 22(2), 40–51.

Sekaran, U. (2003).Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach. 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York

Stevens JP. (1992). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (2nd edition). Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.

Thomas, K.W., &Velthouse, B.A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An “interpretive” model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of Management Review, 15, 666–681.

Trompenaars, F., and C. Hampden-Turner. 1997. Riding The Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business. 2nd ed. London. Nicholas Brealey.

Tuckman B. W., (1965), ‘Developmental Sequence in Small Groups’, Psychological Bulletin 63.

Van den Bossche, P., Gijselaers,W. H., Segers, M., &Kirschner, P. A. (2006). Social and cognitive factors driving teamwork in collaborative learning environments: Team learning beliefs and behaviors. Small Group Research, 37, 490–521.

van Knippenberg, D., &Schippers, M. C. (2007). Workgroup diversity. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 515-541

Van Offenbeek, M. (2001). Processes and outcomes of team learning. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10, 303-317

van Woerkom, M. and van Engen, M. (2009), “Learning from conflicts? The relationships between task and relationship conflicts, team learning and team performance”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 6, 1464-643.

Wilson, J. M., Goodman, P. S., & Cronin, M. A. (2007). Group learning. Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1041–1059.

Zellmer-Bruhn, M. and Gibson, C. (2006), “Multinational organization context: implications for team learning and performance”, Academy of Management Journal, 49, 501-18.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jieb.54522

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 7357 | views : 4733

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business

Journal

Editorial Team
Focus and Scope
Peer Review Process
Publication Ethics
Screening for Plagiarism

Authors

Author Guidelines
Submission Guidelines
Online Submissions
Copyright Notice
Privacy Statement
Author Fees

Download

Author Pack
Submission Form & Manuscript Template

 

Reviewer

Reviewer Guidelines
Reviewer Acknowledgement

 

Reader

General Search
Achieves
Author index
Title index

 

 

The Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (print ISSN 2085-8272; online ISSN 2338-5847) is published by the Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

© 2019 Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business 
 Visitor Statistics