Faktor sosial, ekonomi, dan pemanfaatan posyandu dengan kejadian stunting balita keluarga miskin penerima PKH di Palembang

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.49696

Nur Farida Rahmawati(1*), Nur Alam Fajar(2), Haerawati Idris(3)

(1) Magister Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang
(2) Magister Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang
(3) Magister Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Social, economic factors, and utilization of posyandu towards stunting among toddlers of poor families of PKH recipients in Palembang

Background: Stunting is a nutritional problem caused by chronic malnutrition. Stunting can result in decreased concentration, memory damage, decreased learning, and school performance, decreased cognitive function, impaired motor development, and has a long-term impact on reducing productivity, thus inhibiting economic growth and causing intergenerational poverty. Stunting can be influenced by social, economic, and access to health services factors.

Objective: To analyze the correlation of social, economic, and utilization of integrated services post (pos pelayanan terpadu/posyandu) with the incidence of stunting of under-fives in poor families in Palembang.

Methods: This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design in March-April 2019. The population was toddlers aged 24-59 months from poor families in Palembang, with the criteria receiving the cash transfer program from the Indonesian Government, called Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). Samples were 100 people were chosen by proportional sampling. Data were analyzed by using the Chi-Square test and regression logistic test.

Results: The proportion of stunting among toddlers in poor families of PKH recipients in Palembang was 29%. Multiple logistic regression test shows 4 (four) independent variables have a significant correlation to the incidence of stunting simultaneously. Those variable are maternal education (p=0.003, OR=7.278, 95% CI: 1.928-27.474), birth order (p=0.013, OR=0.144, 95% CI: 0.031-0.664), number of family members (p=0.013, OR=10.809, 95% CI:  1.639-71.278),irregular utilization of Posyandu (p=0.041, OR=3.524, 95% CI:1.055-11.768), and never using Posyandu (p=0.019, OR=5.282, 95% CI: 1.313-21.239). Low maternal education, huge family members (more than 4), irregularly and never use Posyandu increase risk of stunting 7.2 times, 10.8 times, 3.5, and 5.2 times, otherwise first or second birth order was a protective factor of stunting.

Conclusions: Maternal education and utilization of Posyandu are protective factors, meanwhile huge family members (more than 4) and third or more birth order can increase stunting incidence among toddlers of poor families of PKH recipients.


Keywords


economic; poverty; social; stunting; utilization of posyandu

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. de Onis M, Branca F. Childhood stunting: a global perspective. Matern Child Nutr. 2016;12(Suppl 1):12–26. doi: 10.1111 / mcn.12231
  2. Jesmin A, Yamamoto SS, Malik AA HA. Prevalence and determinants of chronic malnutrition among preschool children: a cross-sectional study in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. J Heal Popul Nutr. 2011;29(5):494–9. doi: 10.3329/jhpn.v29i5.8903
  3. Solihin, R, Anwar, F, Sukandar D. Kaitan antara status gizi, perkembangan kognitif, dan perkembangan motorik pada anak usia prasekolah. Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan. 2013;36(1):62–72.
  4. Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan. 100 Kabupaten/Kota prioritas untuk intervensi anak kerdil (stunting): ringkasan. [series online] 2017 [cited 8 Desember 2018]. Available from: URL: http://www.tnp2k.go.id/images/uploads/downloads/Binder_Volume1.pdf
  5. Minarto, Ali PB, Octarina M, Wiranatakusumah A, Amanullah G, Romdiati H. Penguatan koordinasi pembangunan pangan dan gizi dalam penurunan stunting (Widyakarya Nasional Pangan dan Gizi XI). Jakarta: Bappenas; 2018.
  6. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan nasional riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2018.
  7. World Health Organization. Nutrition landscape information system (NLIS) country profile indicators: interpretation guide. Geneva: WHO; 2012.
  8. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Buku saku pemantauan status gizi tahun 2017. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2017.
  9. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang. Laporan pemantauan status gizi balita tahun 2017. Palembang: Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang; 2017.
  10. Aridiyah FO, Rohmawati N, Ririanty M. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian stunting pada anak balita di wilayah pedesaan dan perkotaan. Pustaka Kesehatan. 2015;3(1):163–70.
  11. United Nations Administrative Committee on Coordination Sub Committee on Nutrition (ACC/SCN), International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 4th Report−The world nutrition situation: nutrition throughout the life cycle. Geneva: ACC/SCN & IFPRI; 2000.
  12. Hidayati L, Hadi H, Kumara A. Kekurangan energi dan zat gizi merupakan faktor risiko kejadian stunted pada anak usia 1-3 tahun yang tinggal di wilayah kumuh perkotaan Surakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan. 2010;3(1):89–104.
  13. Wahdah S, Juffrie M, Huriyati E. Faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada anak umur 6-36 bulan di wilayah pedalaman Kecamatan Silat Hulu, Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia. 2015;3(2):119–30. doi: 10.21927/ijnd.2015.3(2).119-130
  14. Ramli, Agho K, Inder K, Bowe S, Jacobs J, Dibley M. Prevalence and risk factors for stunting and severe stunting among under-fives in North Maluku Province of Indonesia. BMC Pediatr. 2009;9(64). doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-9-64
  15. Priyanti S, Syalfina AD. Determinan sosial terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak usia di bawah lima tahun. Jurnal Kebidanan. 2018;7(2):95–102. doi: 10.26714/jk.7.2.2018.95-102
  16. Agustian Y, Rusmil K, Solek P. Hubungan faktor sosio ekonomi dengan perawakan pendek anak usia 24-60 bulan. Sari Pediatri. 2018;20(2):106–14. doi: 10.14238/sp20.2.2018.106-14
  17. Fikadu T, Assegid S, Dube L. Factors associated with stunting among children of age 24 to 59 months in Meskan District, Gurage Zone, South Ethiopia: a case-control study. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(800). doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-800
  18. Ulfani DH, Martianto D, Baliwati YF. Faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi dan kesehatan masyarakat kaitannya dengan masalah underweight, stunted, dan wasted di Indonesia: pendekatan ekologi gizi. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan. 2011;6(1):59–65. doi: 10.25182/jgp.2011.6.1.59-65
  19. Hidayat TS, Jahari AB. Perilaku pemanfaatan posyandu hubungannya dengan status gizi dan morbiditas balita. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan. 2012;40(1):1–10.
  20. Sab’atmaja S, Khomsan A, Tanziha I. Analisis determinan positive deviance status gizi balita di wilayah miskin dengan prevalensi kurang gizi rendah dan tinggi. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan. 2010;5(2):103–12. doi: 10.25182/jgp.2010.5.2.103-112
  21. Zeitlin M, Ghassemi H, Mansour M, United Nations University & Joint WHO/UNICEF Nutrition Support Programme. Positive deviance in child nutrition - with emphasis on psychosocial and behavioural aspects and implications for development. Tokyo: United Nations University Press; 1990.
  22. Bardosono S, Sastroamidjojo S, Lukito W. Determinants of child malnutrition during the 1999 economic crisis in selected poor areas of Indonesia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):512–26.
  23. Rahayu A, Khairiyati L. Risiko pendidikan ibu terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak 6-23 bulan. Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan. 2014;37(2):129–36.
  24. Monteiro CA, Benicio MHD, Conde WL, Konno S, Lovadino AL, Barros AJ, et al. Narrowing socioeconomic inequality in child stunting: the Brazilian experience, 1974–2007. Bull World Health Organ. 2010;88(4):305–11. doi: 10.2471/BLT.09.069195
  25. Dekker LH, Mora-Plazas M, Marín C, Baylin A, Villamor E. Stunting associated with poor socioeconomic and maternal nutrition status and respiratory morbidity in Colombian schoolchildren. Food Nutr Bull. 2010;31(2):242–50. doi: 10.1177/156482651003100207
  26. Zottarelli LK, Sunil TS, Rajaram S. Influence of parental and socioeconomic factors on stunting in children under 5 years in Egypt. East Mediterr Heal J. 2007;13(6):1330–42. doi: 10.26719/2007.13.6.1330
  27. Kusumawati E, Rahardjo S, Sari HP. Model pengendalian faktor risiko stunting pada anak usia di bawah tiga tahun. Kesmas: National Public Health Journal. 2015;9(3):249–56. doi: 10.21109/kesmas.v9i3.572
  28. Beal T, Tumilowicz A, Sutrisna A, Izwardy D, Neufeld LM. A review of child stunting determinants in Indonesia. Matern Child Nutr. 2018;14(4):e12617. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12617
  29. Maxwell D, Levin C, Armar-Klemesu M, Ruel M, Morris S, Ahiadeke C, International Food Policy Research Institute. Urban livelihood and food and nutrition security in Greater Accra, Ghana. [series online] 2000 [cited 17 Mei 2019]. Available from: URL: https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/WHO_multicountry_%20study_Ghana.pdf
  30. Candra A, Puruhita N, Susanto JC. Risk factors of stunting among 1-2 years old children in Semarang City. Media Medika Indonesiana. 2011;45(3):206–12.
  31. Gunardi H, Soedjatmiko S, Sekartini R, Medise BE, Darmawan AC, Armeilia R, et al. Association between parental socio-demographic factors and declined linear growth of young children in Jakarta. Med J Indones. 2017;26(4):286–92. doi: 10.13181/mji.v26i4.1819
  32. Reyes H, Pérez-Cuevas R, Sandoval A, Castillo R, Santos JI, Doubova SV, et al. The family as a determinant of stunting in children living in conditions of extreme poverty: a case-control study. BMC Public Health. 2004;4:57. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-4-57
  33. Masrin M, Paratmanitya Y, Aprilia V. Ketahanan pangan rumah tangga berhubungan dengan stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan. Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia. 2014;2(3):103–15. doi: 10.21927/ijnd.2014.2(3).103-115
  34. Ergin F, Okyay P, Atasoylu G, Beşer E. Nutritional status and risk factors of chronic malnutrition in children under five years of age in Aydin, a western city of Turkey. Turk J Pediatr. 2007;49(3):283–9.
  35. Agustiningrum T, Rokhanawati D. Hubungan karakteristik ibu dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24-59 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Wonosari I [Skripsi]. Yogyakarta: Universitas ’Aisyiyah Yogyakarta; 2016.
  36. Pryer JA, Rogers S, Rahman A. The epidemiology of good nutritional status among children from a population with a high prevalence of malnutrition. Public Health Nutr. 2004;7(2):311–7. doi: 10.1079/PHN2003530
  37. Howell EM, Holla N, Waidmann T. Being the younger child in a large African Family: a study of birth order as a risk factor for poor health using the demographic and health surveys for 18 countries. BMC Nutr. 2016;2:61. doi: 10.1186/s40795-016-0100-8
  38. Jayachandran S, Pande R. Why are Indian children so short? the role of birth order and son preference. Am Econ Rev. 2017;107(9):2600–29. doi: 10.1257/aer.20151282
  39. Rahman M. Association between order of birth and chronic malnutrition of children: a study of nationally representative Bangladeshi sample. Cad Saúde Pública. 2016;32(2):e00011215. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00011215
  40. Sereebutra P, Solomons N, Aliyu MH, Jolly PE. Sociodemographic and environmental predictors of childhood stunting in rural Guatemala. Nutr Res. 2006;26(2):65–70. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2006.02.002
  41. Saputri R, Lestari LA, Susilo J. Pola konsumsi pangan dan tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga di Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia. 2016;12(3):123-30. doi: 10.22146/ijcn.23110
  42. Wasaraka YNK, Prawirohartono EP, Soenarto Y. Perbedaan proporsi stunting pada anak usia 12-24 bulan berdasarkan pemanfaatan pelayanan posyandu di Kabupaten Jayapura, Papua. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia. 2015;12(2):72-8. doi: 10.22146/ijcn.23305
  43. Djamil A. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku ibu balita menimbang anaknya ke posyandu. Jurnal Kesehatan. 2017;8(1):127-34. doi: 10.26630/jk.v8i1.409
  44. Kalsum U. Child morbidity, level of parent’s education, and accessibility to health facilities as factors affecting Posyandu utilization. Health Science Journal of Indonesia. 2013;4(1):27–31.
  45. Tamir TA. Applying the positive deviance model in Ethiopia : the mentor mother project and its impact on childhood malnutrition in Holeta [Thesis]. Finland: University of Eastern Finland; 2017
  46. Child Survival Collaborations and Resources (CORE). Positive deviance & hearth: a resource guide for sustainably rehabilitating malnourished children. (Alih bahasa: Project Concern International). [series online] 2004 [cited 18 November 2018]. Available from: URL: https://coregroup.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Positive-Deviance-Hearth-Resource-Guide-Indonesian.pdf
  47. Agee MD. Reducing child malnutrition in Nigeria: combined effects of income growth and provision of information about mothers’ access to health care services. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71(11):1973–80. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.020



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.49696

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 14036 | views : 20414

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (JGKI) Indexed by:
 
  

  free web stats View My Stats