Phenotype and phylogenetic studies of local cattle in Pacitan District, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia cattle breed have been varying. Some cattle breeds have been developing greatly in Indonesia. At least three cattle breeds have been developing, they are Bali, Madura, and Ongole-Grade (PO). There is also local cattle in Pacitan District, Indonesia. It has phenotype traits similarity with Madura and PO cattle. The easiest phenotype trait to be observed is the coat color. It can be used to differentiate amongst cattle breed. This research was conducted to evaluate maternal origin of local cattle in Pacitan District based on phenotypic trait and phylogenetic tree. The materials consisted of 28 cattle. They were divided into four breeds, Bali, Madura, PO and local cattle of Pacitan. The coat color of each cattle breed was observed for phenotypic trait. In addition, mt-DNA cytochrome b sequences of cattle were also observed for phylogenetic tree analysis. The results showed that Bali, Madura and Ongole-Grade (PO) have uniform color. The coat color of both Bali and Madura cattle were brown, while PO was white. The coat color of local cattle of Pacitan was varied. They were brown and white color. The phylogenetic tree showed that either Bali and Madura were related to Bos javanicus, while PO cattle was related to Bos indicus. The local cattle of Pacitan could be divided into two groups. First group (PO1P, PO2P and Pc13 [white color, like-PO breed], Pc9 [brown color, like-Madura/Bali breed]) were related to Bos javanicus and second group (Pc11 [brown color, like-Madura/Bali breed]) was related to Bos indicus. This results indicated that similarity phenotype trait did not always has similar maternal origin. The majority Pacitan local cattle were closed to Bos javanicus “Banteng” in maternal origin and it has different phenotype trait.