Technology Disruptions in International Relations: The Needs for Cyber Diplomacy by Indonesia
Arindha Nityasari(1*)
(1) Institute of International Studies, Gadjah Mada University
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
The research will discuss about the impacts of technology disruption in international relations. This study aims to increase awareness about several disrupted areas in international politics, particularly in security niche. It will also examine technology disruptions in Indonesia as one of the Global South countries and see the gaps between South and North relations in the field of cyber security. This article also argues that multidiscipline and multi-stakeholder approach through cyber diplomacy is the most feasible solution to tackle the issues arising from technology disruption.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Books
Barston, R. P. (2014). Modern Diplomacy. New York: Routledge.
Bueger, C. and Stockbruegger, J. (2018). Actor-Network Theory: Objects and actants, networks and narratives. In Daniel R. McCarthy (Eds.), Technology and World Politics: An Introduction (pp. 42-59).
Deibert, R. J. (2002). Hyper-Realities of World Politics: Theorizing the Communication Revolutions. In E. H. Potter, Cyber-Diplomacy: Managing Foreign Policy in the Twenty-first Century (pp. 27-47). Canada: McGill-Queen's University Press.
Dunleavy, P., Margetts, H., Bastow, S., & Tinkler, J. (2007). Digital era governance: IT corporations, the state, and e-government. New York: Oxford University Press.
McCarthy, Daniel R. (2018). Introduction: Technology in world politics. In Daniel R. McCarthy (Eds.), Technology and World Politics: An Introduction (pp. 1-22).
Shakarian, P., Shakarian, J., & Ruef, A. (2013). Introduction to Cyber-Warfare: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Massachusetts: Elsevier.
Singer, P. W., & Friedman, A. (2014). Cybersecurity and Cyberwar: What Everyone Needs to Know. New York: Oxford University Press.
Tiirmaa-Klaar, H. (2013). Cyber Diplomacy: Agenda, Challenges and Mission. In K. Ziolkowski, Peacetime Regime for State Activities in Cyberspace: International Law, International Relations and Diplomacy (pp. 509-529). Tallinn: NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence.
Winterfeld, S., & Andress, J. (2013). The Basics of Cyber Warfare: Understanding the Fundamentals of Cyber Warfare in Theory and Practice. New York: Syngress.
Journal articles
Abebe, D. (2016). Cyberwar, International Politics, and Institutional Design. The University of Chicago Law Review, 1-22.
Barrinha, A., & Renard, T. (2017). Cyber-diplomacy: the making of an international society in the digital age. Global Affairs, 353-364.
Lacy, M., & Prince, D. (2018). Securitization and the global politics of cybersecurity. Global Discourse, 1-16.
Paterson, T. (2019). Indonesian cyberspace expansion: a double-edged sword. Journal of Cyber Policy, 216-234.
Online sources
Beauchamp, Z. (2014, December 19). The Sony hack isn’t cyberwar — and the US can’t really punish North Korea for it. Retrieved from Vox: https://www.vox.com/2014/12/19/7417363/sony-hack-cyberwar
Cisco. (n.d.). What Are the Most Common Cyber Attacks? Retrieved from Cisco: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/security/common-cyberattacks.html
DAKA Advisory. (2013). Meeting the cyber security challenge in Indonesia: An analysis of threats and responses. Retrieved from https://dokumen.tips/documents/meeting-the-cyber-security-challenge-in-indonesia.html
European Union diplomatic communications 'targeted by hackers'. (2018, December 19). Retrieved from BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46615580?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cp3mvpdp1r2t/cyber-attacks&link_location=live-reporting-story
Feckler, M., Barnes, B., & Sanger, D. E. (2014, December 14). Sony’s International Incident: Making Kim Jong-un’s Head Explode. Retrieved from The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/15/world/sonys-international-incident-making-kims-head-explode.html
Government, S. M. (2017, June 21). Seoul City Operates the First Digital Civic Mayor’s Office. Retrieved from Seoul Metropolitan Government: http://english.seoul.go.kr/seoul-city-operates-first-digital-civic-mayors-office/?cat=29
Harman, S. (2016, May 17). Confidence-building measure. Retrieved from Enyclopædia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/topic/confidence-building-measure
Human Rights Watch. (n.d.). Retrieved from Killer Robots: https://www.hrw.org/topic/arms/killer-robots
Indonesia blocks social media as election protests escalate. (2019, May 22). Retrieved from Netblocks: https://netblocks.org/reports/indonesia-blocks-social-media-as-election-protests-escalate-XADE7LBg
Indonesia has 171 million internet users: Study. (2019, May 19). Retrieved from The Jakarta Post: https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2019/05/18/indonesia-has-171-million-internet-users-study.html
In Facing CBRNE and Cyber Threats, Indonesia – US Intensify Military Cooperation. (2020, December 7). Retrieved from Indonesian Military: http://int.tni.mil.id/berita/317-in-facing-cbrne-and-cyber-threats-indonesia-us-intensify-military-cooperation.html
Kemlu_RI. (2017). Retrieved from Twitter: https://twitter.com/kemlu_ri/status/818777285629095936?lang=en
Memorandum of Understanding among the Indonesian National Police and the Korea International Cooperation Agency and the Bandung Institute of Technology on Cybercrime Investigation Capacity Building. (n.d.). Retrieved from MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF LEGAL AFFAIRS AND INTERNATIONAL TREATIES TREATY ROOM LIST OF TREATIES CONCLUDED BY INDONESIA: https://treaty.kemlu.go.id/apisearch/pdf?filename=KOR-2018-0173.pdf
Natalia, M. (2019, April 26). Proteksi Ekonomi Digital, Serangan Cyber di Indonesia Capai 232,4 Juta Kali. Retrieved from Sindonews.com: https://ekbis.sindonews.com/read/1399048/178/proteksi-ekonomi-digital-serangan-cyber-di-indonesia-capai-2324-juta-kali-1556251619
Nugraha, R. M. (2019, February 8). 2019 Presidential Election Shrouded by Cyber Attack Threats. Retrieved from Tempo.co: https://en.tempo.co/read/1173517/2019-presidential-election-shrouded-by-cyber-attack-threats
Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 27/PER/M.KOMINFO/9/2006 tanggal 20 September 2006. (n.d.). Retrieved from Jaringan Dokumentasi dan Informasi Hukum Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia: https://jdih.kominfo.go.id/produk_hukum/view/id/445/t/peraturan+menteri+komunikasi+dan+informatika+nomor+27permkominfo92006+tanggal+20+september+2006
Pernyataan Pers Tahunan Menteri Luar Negeri Tahun 2017. (2017, 10 January). Retrieved from Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia: https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/757/pidato/pernyataan-pers-tahunan-menteri-luar-negeri-ri-tahun-2017
Pitoyo, A. (2013, 25 July). Peranan ID-CERT di Asia Pasifik diakui APCERT. Retrived from Merdeka.com: https://www.merdeka.com/teknologi/peranan-id-cert-di-asia-pasifik-diakui-apcert.html
Riordan, S. (2016, May 12). CYBER DIPLOMACY VS. DIGITAL DIPLOMACY: A TERMINOLOGICAL DISTINCTION. Retrieved from USC Center on Public Diplomacy: https://www.uscpublicdiplomacy.org/blog/cyber-diplomacy-vs-digital-diplomacy-terminological-distinction
Schwab, K. (2016, January 14). The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means, how to respond. Retrieved from World Economic Forum: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond/
Sejarah Pembentukan BSSN. (n.d.). Retrieved from Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara: https://bssn.go.id/sejarah-pembentukan-bssn/
Shuja, F. (2019, September 11). The Digital Battleground of Cyberwarfare. Retrieved from CPO Magazine: https://www.cpomagazine.com/cyber-security/the-digital-battleground-of-cyberwarfare/
Situs KPU Kerap Diretas Lewat 'IP Address' Rusia dan China. (2019, March 13). Retrieved from CNN Indonesia: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20190313180046-32-376980/situs-kpu-kerap-diretas-lewat-ip-address-rusia-dan-china
Tentang BSSN. (n.d.). Retrieved from Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara: https://bssn.go.id/tentang/
The Global Risks Report 2019. (2019, January 15). Retrieved from World Economic Forum: https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-global-risks-report-2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/globalsouth.50423
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 4102 | views : 2652Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.