Studi determinan caregiver terhadap kualitas hidup penderita demensia
Resa Budi Deskianditya(1*), Astuti Astuti(2), Yudiyanta Yudiyanta(3)
(1) KSM Saraf, Rumah Sakit Orthopaedi Purwokerto, Banyumas
(2) Departemen Neurologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Departemen Neurologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Dementia is a chronic degenerative disease with poor prognosis and depends on caregivers. The goal of dementia care is to improve or maintain their quality of life (QoL). Caregiver’s role is very important, because it can affect the frequency and type of therapy. Long-term cognitive and physical disability in people with dementia also increase the burden on caregiver. This study aims to assess the determinants of caregivers which may affect the QoL of people with dementia. This was a cross-sectional study. Subjects were dementia patients at the Memory Clinic of RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. Subjects and caregivers were interviewed to fill in the questionnaire data, Dementia Quality of Life (DEMQOL), Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Analysis was performed using Pearson/Mann-Whitney/T test, followed by linear regression tests.
Seventy six people with dementia included in this study, with majority diagnosis was vascular dementia (53.9%), and the average DEMQOL Career score was 80.58+17.62 and 81.82+20.80 for DEMQOL Proxy. Bivariate correlation test showed a significant relationship between caregiver age, gender, family relationship, burden (ZBI), and depression (GDS) with the QoL people with dementia (p <0.05). In the multivariate analysis, the caregiver’s age was related to the QoL of people with dementia based on the DEMQOL career (β =0.270; p =0.001) and DEMQOL proxy (β =0.271; p =0.001) and caregiver burden related to the QoL of dementia patients based on DEMQOL career (β =-0.629; p =0.000) and DEMQOL proxy (β =-0.661; p =0.000).
In conclusion, caregiver’s burden and caregiver’s age were significantly related to the QoL of people with dementia.
ABSTRAK
Demensia adalah penyakit degeneratif yang bersifat kronis, memiliki prognosis buruk karena bersifat progresif sehingga akan sangat bergantung pada caregiver. Tujuan perawatan demensia adalah meningkatkan atau mempertahankan kualitas hidup penderitanya. Peran caregiver sangat penting karena dapat mempengaruhi frekuensi dan tipe terapi, selain itu adanya disabilitas kognitif dan fisik jangka panjang pada penderita demensia juga meningkatkan beban pada caregiver. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai determinan caregiver yang berhubungan terhadap kualitas hidup penderita demensia.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional, dengan subjek penderita demensia rawat jalan di Klinik Memori RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan tidak termasuk dalam kriteria eksklusi. Wawancara dilakukan kepada penderita dan caregiver untuk pengisian data kuisioner, Dementia Quality of Life (DEMQOL), Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI), dan Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Analisis dilakukan dengan uji Pearson/Mann- Whitney/T test, dilanjutkan dengan uji regresi linier.
Didapatkan 76 penderita demensia, mayoritas adalah demensia vaskular (53,9 %) dengan rerata nilai DEMQOL Career adalah 80,58+17,62 dan DEMQOL Proxy adalah 81,82+20,80. Hasil uji korelasi bivariat menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara usia, jenis kelamin, hubungan keluarga, beban (ZBI), dan depresi (GDS) pada caregiver dengan kualitas hidup penderita demensia (p <0,05). Pada uji multivariat, usia caregiver berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup penderita demensia berdasar DEMQOL career (β =0,270; p =0,001) dan DEMQOL proxy (β=0,271; p =0,001) serta beban caregiver berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup penderita demensia berdasar DEMQOL career (β =-0,629; p =0,000) dan DEMQOL proxy (β =-0,661; p =0,000). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah determinan caregiver yang berhubungan bermakna dengan kualitas hidup penderita demensia adalah beban caregiver dan usia caregiver.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/bns.v19i3.73896
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