Perbandingan efektivitas parasetamol dengan kombinasi parasetamol-vitamin B untuk menurunkan intensitas nyeri akut nonneuropatik
Roy Ariady(1*), Yudiyanta Yudiyanta(2), Paryono Paryono(3)
(1) KSM Saraf, RSUD Kartini, Jepara, Jawa Tengah
(2) Departemen Neurologi Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Departemen Neurologi Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Nociceptive pain is a pain induced by a stimulus to the nociceptor. Pain that occurs in less than 30 days is acute pain. Morbidity of nociceptive pain, such as headache, back pain, arthralgia and myalgia, is still quite high. Although these cases have low mortality rate, but it may interfere with daily activities, lowering productivity, and high number of visits requiring large medical expenses. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is currently quite high and growing, with increasing side effects. The use of paracetamol and vitamin B (vitamin B1, B6 and B12) can reduce the intensity of non-neuropathic acute pain better than paracetamol alone. Non-selective COX inhibitory mechanism of paracetamol has minimal side effects compared to NSAIDs. Vitamin B itself has an analgesic effect and can maintain blood analgesic levels.
This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a combination of paracetamol and vitamin B to overcome acute non-neuropathic pain. The form of the study was an experimental study with randomized, double blind controlled trials. A total of 114 subjects became the sample of this study. Assesment of pain using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). From the result of bivariate analysis showed that the combination of paracetamol and vitamin B (p =0.028) had a relationship with VAS with multivariate analysis result showed the dominant variable to the decrease of pain with regression coefficient 10.84 and p =0.031 (p <0.05). This shows a non-neuropathic acute decrease with a combination of paracetamol and vitamin B 10.84 higher than with paracematol alone.
ABSTRAK
Nyeri nosiseptif merupakan suatu nyeri yang ditimbulkan oleh suatu rangsangan pada nosiseptor. Nyeri yang terjadi dalam waktu kurang dari 30 hari masuk dalam nyeri akut. Morbiditas nyeri nosiseptif masih cukup tinggi seperti nyeri kepala, nyeri pungung, artralgia, dan mialgia. Walaupun kasus tersebut memiliki nilai mortalitas yang rendah, tetapi kondisi tersebut dapat mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari, menurunkan produktivitas, dan angka kunjungannya yang tinggi membutuhkan biaya pengobatan besar. Penggunaan obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid (OAINS) saat ini cukup tinggi dan semakin bertambah setiap tahunnya, dengan efek samping yang semakin banyak.
Penggunaan analgesik parasetamol dan vitamin B dalam hal ini vitamin B1, B6, dan B12 dikatakan dapat menurunkan intensitas nyeri akut nonneuropatik yang lebih baik dari pada pemberian parasetamol saja. Parasetamol memiliki mekanisme penghambatan COX nonselektif yang memiliki efek samping yang minimal dibandingkan OAINS. Vitamin B sendiri memiliki efek analgesik dan mampu mempertahankan kadar analgesik di dalam darah.
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas kombinasi parasetamol dan vitamin B untuk menurunkan intensitas nyeri akut nonneuropatik. Bentuk penelitian adalah studi eksperimental dengan randomized controlled trial, double blind. Sebanyak 114 subjek menjadi sampel penelitian ini. Penilaian nyeri menggunakan visual analog scale (VAS). Dari hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan variabel pemberian obat kombinasi parasetamol dan vitamin B (p =0,028) memiliki hubungan bermakna terhadap penurunan nilai VAS dengan hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan variabel yang dominan mempengaruhi terhadap penurunan nyeri adalah obat dengan koefisien regresi 10,84 dan p =0,031 (p <0,05). Hal ini menunjukkan penurunan nyeri akut nonneuropatik dengan kombinasi parasetamol dan vitamin B 10,84 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dibandingkan parasematol saja.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/bns.v19i2.69196
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