Terapi manual pada nyeri kepala tipe tegang kronis: tinjauan sistematis dari randomized controlled trial
https://doi.org/10.22146/bns.v18i1.55063 Limawan Susilo Nugroho(1*), Subagya Subagya(2), Yudiyanta Yudiyanta(3)
(1)
(2) Departemen Neurologi Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Departemen Neurologi Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Prevalensi nyeri kepala tipe tegang kronis cukup tinggi, sekitar 2-5% dari populasi umum. Manajemen terapi menjadi sebuah tantangan, karena menyebabkan morbiditas yang signifikan bila tidak diterapi secara efektif. Nyeri kepala tipe tegang kronis menjadi faktor risiko penggunaan obat analgesik yg berlebihan. Terapi manual merupakan terapi non medikamentosa yang paling banyak digunakan dalam mengatasi nyeri kepala kronis, sebagai terapi alternatif maupun komplementer. Tujuan penulisan tinjauan sistematis ini adalah untuk mengkaji literatur mengenai efektivitas terapi manual pada penderita nyeri kepala tipe tegang kronis. Penelusuran referensi melalui database elektronik Chocrane, EBSCO, Medline, Pubmed dalam rentang 10 tahun terakhir (tahun 2008-2017) dengan kata kunci; chronic tension type headache, chronic headache, atau tension type headache dan manual therapy, physical therapy, physiotherapy, spinal manipulation, spinal mobilization, atau massage therapy. Didapatkan tujuh artikel yang memenuhi kriteria, semuanya merupakan penelitian randomized controlled trial (RCT). Terdapat dua jenis terapi manual yang digunakan, yaitu terapi mobilisasi daerah kranioservikal (2 jurnal), dan terapi pada trigger points (5 jurnal). Didapatkan penurunan intensitas nyeri kepala (6 jurnal), penurunan frekuensi nyeri kepala (4 jurnal), penurunan durasi nyeri kepala (2 jurnal), peningkatan pressure pain threshold (PPT) (6 jurnal), peningkatan fleksi leher (2 jurnal), dan peningkatan ekstensi leher (1 jurnal). Dari tinjauan sistematis ini disimpulkan bahwa terapi mobilisasi daerah kranioservikal dan terapi pada trigger points di otot kepala, leher, dan bahu terbukti efektif dalam manajemen nyeri kepala tipe tegang kronis.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/bns.v18i1.55063
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