Cover Image

PREFERENSI DAN MOTIVASI MASYARAKAT LOKAL DALAM PEMANFAATAN SUMBERDAYA HUTAN DI TAMAN NASIONAL LORE LINDU, PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH (Preference and Motivation of Local Community in Utilization of Forest Resource in Lore Lindu National Park)

https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18793

Sudirman Daeng Massiri(1*), Bramasto Nugroho(2), Hariadi Kartodihardjo(3), Rinekso Soekmadi(4)

(1) Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Tadulako, Kampus Bumi Tadulako Tondo, Palu 94117 Program Doktoral Program Studi Ilmu Pengelolaan Hutan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680
(2) Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680
(3) Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680
(4) Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


ABSTRAK

Banyak pihak masih meragukan nilai masyarakat terkait hutan alasan bahwa masyarakat lokal itu adalah perusak hutan, tidak dapat membatasi konsumsinya terhadap sumberdaya hutan dan dipandang sebagai masalah dalam konservasi sumberdaya hutan. Akibatnya, kebijakan pengelolaan hutan yang melibatkan masyarakat masih menjadi bahan perdebatan, utamanya dalam pengelolaan kawasan konservasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran tentang preferensi dan motivasi masyarakat lokal terhadap pemanfaatan sumberdaya hutan di kawasan Taman Nasional Lore Lindu (TNLL) provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode survei, yang dilaksanakan pada dua tipe komunitas masyarakat lokal di sekitar TNLL yakni masyarakat desa homogen dan masyarakat desa heterogen. Data preferensi pemanfaatan hutan diperoleh melalui metode skor dengan menggunakan distribusi kartu yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat lokal, sedangkan data motivasi diperoleh melalui wawancara kepada masyarakat menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai preferensi kegunaan hutan yang tertinggi bagi masyarakat lokal adalah kegunaan hutan untuk perlindungan dan pengaturan air. Nilai tertinggi preferensi kegunaan hutan di zona rimba kompatibel dengan tujuan pengelolaan TNLL, sedangkan di zona pemanfaatan dan zona rehabilitasi masih ditemukan nilai preferensi yang tertinggi yang tidak kompatibel dengan tujuan pengelolaan TNLL. Masyarakat lokal yang bermukim di sekitar TNLL tidak hanya memiliki motivasi atas dasar kebutuhan material yang tinggi terhadap sumberdaya di TNLL tetapi juga memiliki motivasi sosial yang tinggi dan bahkan memiliki motivasi moral yang sangat tinggi. Dengan demikian, masyarakat lokal itu perlu dilibatkan dalam pengelolaan taman nasional melalui pengaturan institusi yang tepat.

 

ABSTRACT

Many people still doubt the value of local community related to forest, because they think that the local communities are destroyers of the forest, cannot limit their consumption to forest resources and become a problem of forest resource conservation. Consequently, forest management policy involving the local community is still a subject of debate, especially in the management of protected areas. This research aims to provide an overview of the preferences and motivations of local communities to use forest resources in Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), Central Sulawesi province. This research applied a survey method and was conducted on two types of local communities around the village community LLNP - homogeneous and heterogeneous village communities. Data on forest utilization preferences were obtained through the scoring method using the distribution of cards conducted by local communities, while data on motivation were obtained through interviews to local communities using a questionnaire. This study showed that the highest preference for local community forest use was the uses of forest for protection and regulation of water. The highest value of preference for local community forest use in wilderness zone was compatible with the objectives of LLNP, while in utilization zone and rehabilitation zone, it was still found the highest value of preference for local community forest use which was not compatible with the objectives of LLNP. The Local communities were not only motivated based on high material needs of resources in LLNP but they also have a high social motivation and even they have a very high moral motivation. Therefore, the local communities should be involved in the management of national parks through the appropriate institutional arrangements.


Keywords


preferensi; motivasi; masyarakat lokal; hutan; taman nasional; preference; motivation; local community; forest; national park



References

Abdullahi, M.B., dan Abdulhameed, A., 2012. An Overview of Local People’s Livelihood and Biodiversity Conservation in Maladumba Lake and Forest Reserve (MLFR) Bauchi, Nigeria. Environmental Research Journal, 6(3):239-245.

Anonim, 2006. Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan Nomor. 56/Menhut-II/2006 Tentang Pedoman Zonasi Taman Nasional. Kementerian Kehutanan. Jakarta.

Anonim, 2007. Identifikasi Desa Dalam Kawasan Hutan 2007. Departemen Kehutanan dan Badan Pusat Statistik. Jakarta.

Anonim, 2009. Identifikasi Desa di Dalam dan Sekitar Kawasan Hutan 2009. Departemen Kehutanan dan Badan Pusat Statistik. Jakarta.

Anonim, 2011. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pengelolaan Kawasan Suaka Alam dan Kawasan Pelestarian Alam. Kementerian Sekretariat Negara RI. Jakarta.

Anonim, 2014. Statistik Taman Nasional Lore Lindu Tahun 2013. Balai Taman Nasional Lore Lindu. Palu.

Berkes, F., 2008. Scared Ecology. Second Edition. Rouledge Taylor dan Prancis Group, New York.

Bowles, S., 1998. Endogenous Preferences: The Cultural Consequences of Markets and Other Economic Institutions. Journal of Economic Literature, 36(1):75-111.

Creswell, J.W., 2012. Research Design; Pendekatan Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Mixed. Edisi Ketiga. Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta.

Cubbage, F., Harou, P., dan Sills, E., 2007. Policy Instruments to Enhance Multi-Functional Forest Management. Forest Policy and Economics, 9(7):833-851.

Dietrich, F., dan List, C., 2013. Where Do Preferences Come From? International Journal of Game Theory, 42(3):613-637.

Edwards-Jones, G., Davies, B., dan Hussain, S., 2000. Ecological Economic. An Introduction. Blackwell Science, Oxford.

Farber, S.C., Costanza, R., dan Wilson, M.A., 2002. Economic and Ecological Concepts for Valuing Ecosystem Services. Ecological Economics, 41(3):375-392.

Feeny, D., Berkes, F., McCay, B.J., dan Acheson J.M., 1990. The Tragedy of The Commons: Twenty-Two Years Later. Human Ecology, 18(1):1-19.

Gautam, A.P., dan Shivakoti, G.P., 2005. Conditions for Successful Local Collective Action in Forestry: Some Evidence from the Hills of Nepal. Society and Natural Resources, 18(2):153-171.

Gibson, C.C., dan Koontz, T., 1998. When “Community” is Not Enough: Institutions and Values in Community-Based Forest Management in Southern Indiana. Human Ecology, 26(4):621-647.

Golar, 2010. Orientasi Nilai Sosial Perambahan Hutan di Zona Rehabilitasi Taman Nasional Lore Lindu (TNLL). Studi Kasus Aktivitas Perambahan Dongi-Dongi. Jurnal Forestsains, 8(1):10-17.

Hyytiä, N., dan Kola, J., 2006. Finnish Citizens’ Attitudes Towards Multifunctional Agriculture. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 9(3):1-22.

Kadir, A.W., Awang, S.A., Purwanto, R.H., dan Poedjirahardjoe, E., 2012. Analisis Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Sekitar Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan. 19(1):1-11.

Kant, S., dan Lee, S., 2004. A Social Choice Approach to Sustainable Forest Management: An Analysis of Multiple Forest Values in Northwestern Ontario. Forest Policy and Economics, 6(3):215-227.

Kijazi, M.H., dan Kant, S., 2010. Forest Stakeholders' Value Preferences in Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Forest Policy and Economics, 12(5):357-369.

Maslow, A.H., 1970. Motivation and Personality. Harper & Row Publisher, New York.

North, D.C., 1990. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge University Press, New York.

Norton, B., Costanza, R., dan Bishop, R.C., 1998. The Evolution of Preferenses. Why 'Sovereign' Preferences May Not Lead to Sustain Policy and What to Do About It. Ecological Economics, 24:193-211

Ostrom, E., 1990. Governing the Common: The Evolution of Institution for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press, New York.

Ostrom, E., Gardner, R., dan Walker, J., 1994. Rules, Games, and Common-Pool Resources. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.

Ostrom, E., dan Nagendra, H., 2006. Insights on Linking Forests, Trees, and People from The Air, on The Ground, and in The Laboratory. Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences, 103(51):19224-19231.

Robbins, S.P., 2003. Organizational Behavior. 10th Edition. Pearson Education International, New York.

Safitri, M.A., 2013. Keniscayaan Transdisiplinaritas dalam Studi Sosio-Legal terhadap Hutan Hukum dan Masyarakat, dalam: Kartodihardjo H, (ed), Kembali ke Jalan Lurus. Kritik Penggunaan Ilmu dan Praktek Kehutanan Indonesia. Forci Development, Bogor.

Salosa, S.T., Awang, S.A., Suryanto, P., dan Purwanto, R.H., 2014. Hutan dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Hatam di Lingkungan Cagar Alam Pegunungan Arfak. Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan, 21(3):349-355.

Schmid, A.A., 2004. Conflict and Cooperation; Institutional and Behavioral Economics. Blackwell Publishing, London.

Sheil, D., dan Liswanti, N., 2006. Scoring The Importance of Tropical Forest Landscapes with Local People: Patterns and Insights. Environmental Management, 38(1):126-136.

Soekmadi, R., 2003. Pergeseran Paradigma Pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi: Sebuah Wacana Baru dalam Pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi. Media Konservasi, 3(3):87-93.

Uphoff, N., 1986. Local Institutional Development: Analytical Sourcebook with Cases. Kumarian Press, New York.

Vallino, E., 2014. The Tragedy of The Park: An Agent-Based Model of Endogenous and Exogenous Institutions for Forest Management. Ecology and Society, 19(1):35-54.

Wood, P., Sheil, D., Syaf, R., dan Warta, Z., 2014. The Implementation and Sustainability of Village Conservation Agreements Around Kerinci Seblat National Park, Indonesia. Society and Natural Resources, 27(6):602-620.

Wang, S., 2013. Forest Economics in an Increasingly Urbanized Society: The Next Frontier. Forest Policy and Economics, 35:45-49.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18793

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 4555 | views : 9771

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan



JML Indexed by:

  

Web
Analytics View My Stats