PERAN UNSUR CUACA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENYAKIT BUSUK PANGKAL BATANG LADA DI SENTRA PRODUKSI LADA DAERAH SULAWESI TENGGARA (The Role of Weather Elements Toward Increased Foot Rot Disease on Black Pepper in the Production Center of Southeast Sulawesi)

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pengendalian penyakit tanaman di sentra produksi lada melalui modifikasi lingkungan merupakan pilihan bijak dalam upaya pengurangan penggunaan pestisida. Penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada telah menyebabkan penurunan produksi lada di berbagai daerah sentra rempah. Penyakit ini semakin meningkat dengan adanya pergeseran cuaca yang tidak menentu. Interaksi antar unsur cuaca dan kondisi agroekosistem diduga mempengaruhi perkembangan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung antar unsur cuaca (suhu udara, kelembapan udara, jumlah hari hujan, total curah hujan), suhu tanah, dan lengas tanah terhadap terjadinya peningkatan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada pada berbagai kondisi agroekosistem lada. Penelitian dilaksanakan di sentra pertanaman lada di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Analisis lintas digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antar unsur cuaca dengan intensitas penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa unsur cuaca mempengaruhi peningkatan intensitas penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada. Unsur cuaca yang secara langsung menyebabkan peningkatan intensitas penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada pada tiap daerah bervariasi dan paling dominan adalah curah hujan. Unsur cuaca yang mempengaruhi peningkatan intensitas penyakit di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan adalah curah hujan dan lengas tanah, di Kabupaten Konawe oleh suhu udara, kelembapan udara, dan curah hujan, sedangkan di Kabupaten Kolaka oleh jumlah hari hujan, dan curah hujan.

ABSTRACT

Control of plant diseases in black pepper production centers through environmental modification is a wise choice in efforts to reduce the use of pesticides. The foot rot disease causes production of black pepper has been undergoing a decrease in center spices. The irregular change of the weather was strongly assumed to be the cause of the occurrence of the black pepper foot-rot disease. The interactions between agroecosystems condition and weather elements to influence the development of foot rot disease. The aims of this research were to analyze the relationship between the weather elements (temperature, humidity, number of rainy days, total rainfall), soil temperature, and soil moisture toward the prevalence of the black pepper foot-rot disease in various condition of the agriculture ecosystem. The research applied the following methods survey in the areas of black pepper plantations in the Province of South-East Sulawesi. Path analysis was used to determine the relationship between the weather elements with the intensity of foot rot disease. The results shows that the contributory causes of foot rot disease on black pepper are weather condition. The weather elements directly causing the disease intensity progress of foot root varied in each region and the most dominant weather element was rainfall. The increase of the disease intensity in South Konawe District was caused by the increase in rainfall and soil moisture. In Konawe District, it is caused mainly by rainfall, humidity and air temperature, in Kolaka District it is caused by the number of rainy days and rainfall.