Co-solvent Selection for Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Essential Oil and Bioactive Compounds from Polygonum minus

https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.49739

Masturah Markom(1*), Norsyamimi Hassim(2), Nurina Anuar(3), Syarul Nataqain Baharum(4)

(1) Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
(2) Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
(3) Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
(4) Institute of Systems Biology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This study evaluated the biological activity (antioxidant assay) of Polygonum minus extracted using Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) added with different types of co-solvents. The seven co-solvents employed were water, methanol, ethanol, 50% methanol, 50% ethanol, 70% methanol and 70% ethanol for selection of the best co-solvent prior to optimization of SFE. 70% methanol produced the highest total yield of extract (33.1%) compared to other co-solvents. The antioxidant capacity was then evaluated using four different assays: the total phenolic content (TP), the total flavonoid content (TF), the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and the free radical-scavenging capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The highest TP and TF were from 70% methanol extract (11.2 ± 0.15 mg GAE/g sample (mg GAE/g) and 11.9 ± 0.03 mg CAE/g sample (mg CEQ/g) respectively). 70% metanol extract also showed the highest FRAP value (346.7 ± 0.66 µmol Fe (II)/g sample) and the highest percentage of DPPH radical inhibition was also shown by 70% methanol extract (88.7 ± 0.40%). There was a positive correlation between the antioxidant capacity (FRAP and DPPH) with those of TP and TF contents. Therefore, the best co-solvent chosen for further optimization of SFE is 70% methanol.

Keywords


Polygonum minus, Supercritical Fluid Extraction, co-solvent, phelic content, antioxidant capacity, biological activity.

Full Text:

PDF


References

1. Benzie, I.F.F., and Strain, J.J. (1999). Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay: Direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration,
Methods Enzymol., 299, 15-27.
2. Bergman, M., Varshavsky, L., Gottlieb, H.E., and Grossman, S. (2001). The antioxidant activity of aqueous spinach extract: chemical identification of active fractions, Phytochemistry., 58, 143–152.
3. Dauksas, E., Venskutonis, P.R., Povilaityte, V., and Sivik, B. (2001). Rapid screening of antioxidant activity of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) extracts obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide at different extraction conditions, Food/Nahrung., 45, 338-341.
4. De Ancos, B., Sgroppo, S., Plaza, L., and Cano, M.P. (2002). Possible nutritional and health-related value promotion in orange juice preserved by high- pressure treatment, J. Sci. Food Agric., 82, 15-27.

5. Diaz-Maroto, M.C., Perez-Coello, M.S., and Cabezudo, M.D. (2002). Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of volatiles from spices, comparison with simultaneous distillation extraction, J. of Chromatography A., 947, 23-29.

6. Djarmati, Z., Jankov, R.M., Schwirtlich, E., Djulinac, B., and Djordjevic, A. (1991). High antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from sage by supercritical CO2 extraction, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, 731-734.
7. Dohrn, R., and Buenz, A.P. (1995). Solubility enhancement of carbohydrates in carbon dioxide ZFL, Internationale Zeitschrift f ̈ur Lebensmitteluntersuchung.Technologie Marketing, Verpack, Anal., 46, 10–12.
8. Gomez, A.M., and Ossa, E.M. (2002). Quality of borage seed oil extracted by liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide, J. Chem. Eng., 88, 103–109.
9. Kerrola, K.M., and Kallio, H.P. (1994). Extraction of volatile compounds of angelica (Angelica archangelica L.) root by liquid carbon dioxide, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry., 42, 2235-2245.
10. Kim, D.O., and Lee, C.Y. (2002). Unit I1.2: Polyphenolics. Extraction and Isolation
of Polyphenolics. In: Curr. Protoc. Food Anal. Chem., John Wiley and Sons, New York, U.S.A.
11. Lang, Q., and Wai, C.M. (2001). Supercritical fluid extraction in herbal and natural product studies - A practical review, Talanta., 53, 771–782.
12. Lapornik, B., Prosek, M., and Wondra, A.G. (2005). Comparison of extracts prepared from plant by-products using different solvents and extraction time, J. Food Eng., 71, 214–222.
13. Liu, F.F., Ang, C.Y., and Springer, D. (2000). Optimization of extraction conditions for active components in Hypericum perforatum using response surface methodology, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 3364–3371.

14. Musa, K.H., Abdullah, A., Jusoh, K., and Subramaniam, V. (2011). Antioxidant activity of pinkflesh guava (Psidium guajava L.): effect of extraction techniques and solvents, Food Anal. Methods., 4, 100-107.
15. Mussatto, S.I., Ballesteros, L.F., Martins, S., and Teixeira, J.A. (2011). Extraction of
antioxidant phenolic compounds from spent coffee grounds, Separation and Purification Technology, 83, 173–179.
16. Murov, S. (2011). Organic Chemistry Directory. Available from: http://murov.info/orgchem.htm. Accessed January 2011.
17. Naczk, M., and Shahidi, F. (2006). Phenolics in cereals, fruits and vegetables: Occurance, extraction and analysis, J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. Anal., 41, 1523-1542.
18. Piggott, M.J., Ghisalbeti, E.L., and Trengove, R.D. (1997). Western Australian Sandalwood Oil: Extraction by Different Techniques and Variations of the Major Components in Different Sections of a Single Tree, Flavour Fragr. J., 12(1), 43-46.
19. Pourmortazavi, S.M., and Hajimirsadeghi, S.S. (2007). Supercritical fluid extraction in plant essential and volatile oil analysis., Journal of Chromatography A., 1163, 2- 24.
20. Povh, N.P., Marques, M.O.M., and Meireles, A.A. (2001). Supercritical CO2 extraction of essential oil and oleoresin from Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L. Rauschert), J. Supercrit. Fluids., 21, 245-256.

21. Seabra, I.J., Braga, M.E.M., Batista, M.T.P., and De Sousa, H.C. (2010). Effect of solvent (CO2/ethanol/H2O) on the fractionated enhanced solvent extraction of anthocyanins from
elderberry pomace, J. of Supercritical Fluids., 54, 145–152.
22. Singleton, V.L., and Rossi, J.A. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolic with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents, Am. J. Enol. Viticult., 16, 144-158.
23. Snorans, F.R.J., Ibanez, E., Cavero, S., Tabera, J., and Reglero, G. (2000). Liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of supercritical-fluid extracts of rosemary plants, J. Chromatogr. A., 870, 491-499.
24. Teiantaphyllou, K., Blekas, G., and Boskou, D. (2001). Antioxidative properties of water extracts obtained from herbs of the species Lamiaceae, Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 52, 313-317.
25. Yildrim, A., Mavi, A., Oktay, M., Kara, A.A., Olgar, O.F., and Bilaloglu, V. (2000). Comparison of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of tilia (Tilia argenta Desf ex DC), sage (Salvia triloba L.) and black tea (Camellia sinesis) extracts, J. Agr. Food Chem., 48, 5030-
5034 .
26. Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T., and Jianming, W. (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals, Food Chemistry., 64, 555-559.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.49739

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2437 | views : 1828

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering  (print ISSN 1655-4418; online ISSN 2655-5409) is published by Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada.