JANUS https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/janus <p><span class="apple-converted-space"><strong>JANUS</strong></span>&nbsp;has&nbsp;been published by<span class="apple-converted-space">&nbsp;the </span><a href="https://arkeologi.ugm.ac.id/">Department of Archaeology</a>,<span class="apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://fib.ugm.ac.id/">Faculty of Cultural Sciences</a>,<span class="apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://ugm.ac.id/">Universitas Gadjah Mada</a>, since 2023. Janus is taken from one of <span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">the ancient Roman</span></span> gods, who is <span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc"><strong>the god of beginnings, gates, transitions, time, duality, doorways, passages, frames, and endings</strong>. He is usually depicted as having two faces.</span></span> Janus is an academic, open-access, and peer-reviewed journal. The journal focuses on advancing the study of archaeology, museology, and cultural resources management in Indonesia or those related to Indonesian archaeology. The articles in the Janus specifically discuss archaeological remains' values, views, and meanings that strengthen theories and improve the quality of criticism or methodological innovations in Indonesian archaeological investigations. Articles submitted cover archaeology and related fields of archaeology in Indonesia, presented in the context of Indonesian culture, focusing on developing critical scientific works.</p> <p><strong>JANUS</strong> is published bi-annually, whose all articles will be published in Indonesia Language and/or English. Submissions are open year-round. However, before submitting an article, please ensure that the article fits into<span class="apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/janus/FocusandScope">Janus's focus and scope</a><span class="apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>and follows our<span class="apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/janus/SubmissionGuidelines">submission guidelines</a>. Please note that only research articles or book reviews are accepted.</p> Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada en-US JANUS 2987-9612 <p><strong>JANUS</strong> publishes articles under the terms of the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>, with the copyright held by the journal.</p> <p>This means anyone can copy, transform, or redistribute articles for any lawful purpose in any medium, provided they give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and <strong>JANUS</strong>, link to the license, indicate if changes were made, and redistribute any derivative work under the same license.</p> <p>Once articles are accepted and published on this website, the author(s) agree to transmit the copyright to <strong>JANUS</strong> .</p> <p>===</p> <p><strong><span class="label">Author Self-Archiving Policy</span></strong></p> <p>As this journal runs an open-access model, author(s) are permitted and encouraged to post items published by this journal on personal websites or institutional repositories both prior to and after publication while providing bibliographic details that credit, if applicable, its publication in this journal.</p> Pengaruh Variabel Bentanglahan terhadap Persebaran Candi Hindu di Wilayah Selatan Gunung Kelud, Blitar, Jawa Timur https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/janus/article/view/12247 <p><span id="cell-44334-contents" class="gridCellContainer"><span class="label"><em>There are a large number of Hindu temples from the Kadiri, Singhasari and Majapahit periods in the southern region of Kelud Volcano. However, archaeological research in this region, especially in Blitar, has never addressed the overall configuration of the temples' locations and their relationship to the physical landscape. This research attempts to fill this gap by applying an archaeological landscape approach to investigate how elements of the southern Kelud landscape, such as landform, land cover, and hydrology, have affected the distribution of temple sites in the region. Data were collected through field surveys as well as literature and map studies. This research shows that in the 10th to 16th century the majority of the Hindu temples were built in the high potential area for human life with fertile lands and not far from water resources. Fewer temples were built in areas with mediocre potential, while the least potential areas were not prioritized for temple sites. The area occupied by most temples would have the prospect of supporting human living needs and also meet the general requirements for selecting temple sites.</em></span></span></p> <p><span class="gridCellContainer"><span class="label"><em>===</em></span></span></p> <p>Wilayah selatan Gunung Kelud mempunyai banyak candi Hindu dari zaman Kadiri, Singhasari, dan Majapahit. Namun demikian, selama ini penelitian arkeologi wilayah ini, terutama Blitar, masih belum membahas candi-candi secara menyeluruh sebagai himpunan, begitupun hubungannya dengan kondisi bentanglahan hampir tidak pernah dikaji. Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan arkeologi bentanglahan untuk meninjau bagaimana bentanglahan wilayah selatan Gunung Kelud, sebagaimana tercermin dari variabel bentuklahan, tutupan lahan, dan hidrologinya, memengaruhi persebaran candi di sana. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa survei lapangan, studi peta, dan studi pustaka. Pengolahan dan analisis data didukung oleh perangkat lunak sistem informasi geografis. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa masyarakat kuno di wilayah selatan Gunung Kelud pada umumnya menempatkan candi di wilayah berpotensi besar mendukung kehidupan manusia, sebaliknya mendirikan lebih sedikit candi di wilayah yang potensinya lebih kecil. Daerah yang potensinya sangat terbatas kurang diprioritaskan untuk pendirian candi. Potensi wilayah yang ditempati mayoritas candi mendukung kebutuhan hidup masyarakat dan memenuhi syarat umum pemilihan lahan kuil, yaitu lahannya subur dan dekat sumber daya air.</p> Antonius Satrio Wicaksono J. Susetyo Edy Yuwono Copyright (c) 2024 JANUS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-06-03 2024-06-03 2 1 1 26 10.22146/janus.12247 Sistem Pertahanan Berlapis Benteng Willem I Ambarawa https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/janus/article/view/12396 <p><em>The defense system of a fortress is a crucial aspect of military strategy aimed at protecting territories or strategic assets from external attacks. The Willem I Ambarara Fortress was constructed with the application of complex architectural designs and considerations of geographical location, intending to maximize the utilization of surrounding defense strengths. The method employed was qualitative descriptive analysis with geographic analysis, encompassing literature review, exploration of secondary data, and direct observations at the Willem I Fortress. The research findings indicate that the Willem I Fortress possesses a complex and layered defense strategy, leveraging natural topography and strategic positioning to establish formidable defenses. This defense strategy creates a fortress that is challenging for enemies to breach, with comprehensive facilities to support troop life and operations.</em></p> <p><em>===</em></p> <p>Sistem pertahanan benteng merupakan aspek penting dalam strategi militer yang bertujuan untuk melindungi wilayah atau aset strategis dari serangan luar. Benteng Willem I Ambarara dibangun dengan penerapan desain arsitektur yang kompleks dan pertimbangan letak geografis, serta dibangun guna memanfaatkan kekuatan pertahanan sekitar secara maksimal. Metode yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif dengan analisis geografis, mencakup studi pustaka, eksplorasi data sekunder, dan observasi langsung di Benteng Willem I. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Benteng Willem I memiliki strategi pertahanan yang kompleks dan berlapis, dengan memanfaatkan topografi alam dan posisi strategis menjadikan Benteng Willem I memiliki pertahanan yang kuat. Strategi Pertahanan ini menciptakan benteng yang sulit ditembus oleh musuh, dengan dukungan fasilitas lengkap untuk mendukung kehidupan dan operasional pasukan.</p> Siti Nurmala Argi Arafat Copyright (c) 2024 JANUS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-06-03 2024-06-03 2 1 27 45 10.22146/janus.12396 Kesiapan Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Sumbu Filosofi Yogyakarta berbasis Cultural Heritage Management https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/janus/article/view/12699 <p><em>The Philosophical Axis of Yogyakarta has been designated as</em><em> a world heritage by UNESCO. The nomination process has been criticized for neglecting community engagement. There is an assumption that the community will not be ready to play an active role in preserving the significant values of the Philosophical Axis. In fact, the community participation is the key to the conservation success. This paper presents the results of a study on the perception and level of readiness of the community around the Philosophical Axis area to take active participation in managing this world heritage. The study was conducted using the Cultural Heritage Management approach. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews, FGDs, and observations involving a number of resource persons living within the Sumbu Filosofi area. The results demonstrate that the community tend to understand the meaning of the Philosophical Axis and efforts to preserve it, although there are still some who do not understand it well. This shows that the dissemination of the significance values of the Philosophical Axis and its management efforts has not been effective. From the level of readiness, the community in the Philosophical Axis Area has only reached the initiation level. The community knows the positive impact of the establishment of the Philosophical Axis that can improve the economy and welfare of the community. However, they are not truly ready to be involved in its preservation and management. The government must optimize the policies and management programs of the Philosophical Axis in order to create synergy between the government and the community.</em></p> <p><em>===</em></p> <p>Sumbu Filosofi Yogyakarta telah ditetapkan sebagai warisan dunia oleh UNESCO. Proses pengajuan ini dinilai kurang memperhatikan keterlibatan masyarakat. Karena itu, ada anggapan bahwa masyarakat belum siap untuk berperan aktif dalam pelestarian nilai penting Sumbu Filosofi. Padahal, masyarakat dianggap memegang peran penting dalam pelestarian yang berkelanjutan. Tulisan ini memaparkan hasil kajian tentang persepsi dan tingkat kesiapan masyarakat di sekitar Sumbu Filosofi dalam pengelolaan warisan dunia ini. Kajian dilakukan dengan pendekatan Cultural Heritage Management. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, FGD, dan observasi terhadap sejumlah narasumber yang tinggal di kawasan Sumbu Filosofi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pemahaman masyarakat cenderung dapat memahami makna Sumbu Filosofi dan upaya untuk melestarikannya, meskipun masih ada pula yang belum memahaminya dengan baik. Hal ini menunjukkan diseminasi mengenai nilai penting Sumbu Filosofi dan upaya pengelolaannya belum cukup efektif. Dari tingkat kesiapannya, masyarakat di Kawasan Sumbu Filosofi baru sampai pada tingkat awal atau inisiasi. Pada taraf ini masyarakat mengetahui dampak positif dari penetapan Sumbu Filosofi yang dapat meningkatkan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Namun, mereka belum siap untuk benar-benar terlibat dalam pelestarian dan pengelolaannya. Karena itu, pemerintah harus mengoptimalisasikan kebijakan dan program pengelolaan Sumbu Filosofi agar tercipta sinergi antara pemerintah dan masyarakat.</p> Y.B. Revolvere Kelana Ashoka Nur Adzim Aminuddin Shintia Putri Fibriolawati Hana Syahmina Bachri Rehuella Sarlotha Modjo Fahmi Prihantoro Copyright (c) 2024 JANUS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-06-28 2024-06-28 2 1 46 59 10.22146/janus.12699 Perubahan Benteng Oranje di Ternate – Maluku Utara (Abad XVII-XX) https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/janus/article/view/11866 <p><em>The Indonesian archipelago has been known for centuries as a source of spices that are favored in many countries. The desire to obtain these spices from the first source has brought Europeans to the islands since 15th century. They sent their maritime fleets to establish trading posts in the archipelago, especially in Maluku which was rich in nutmeg and cloves. One of the archaeological remains that serves as evidence of the presence and control of Europeans, especially the Dutch, in this area is the existence of Fort Oranje in Ternate. However, there is not much of the historical background on the development of Fort Oranje has been revealed so far. This paper attempts to fill the dearth of information about the fort. The study was conducted by identifying the attributes shown in at least five drawings and plans of the Fort, which were then combined with existing historical data. The results showed that there were several changes in the form, function and role of Fort Oranje from the beginning of its establishment to the present. The reasons for these changes are mainly due to the needs of the Dutch communities who lived in the fort as well as the changing political and security condition throughout its history. Another contributing factor is government policy both during the colonial period and after Indonesia's independence. Due to the limited amount of visual data to reconstruct the long development, only a few stages of Fort Oranje transformation can be revealed.</em></p> <p><em>===</em></p> <p>Selama berabad-abad, kepulauan Indonesia telah dikenal sebagai sumber rempah yang digemari di banyak negara. Keinginan untuk mendapatkan rempah-rempah ini dari sumber pertama telah membawa bangsa Eropa ke kepulauan ini sejak akhir abad ke-15. Mereka mengirimkan armada lautnya untuk mendirikan pos-pos perdagangan di Nusantara, terutama di Maluku yang kaya akan pala dan cengkeh. Salah satu peninggalan arkeologi yang menjadi bukti kehadiran dan penguasaan bangsa Eropa, khususnya Belanda, di kepulauan rempah-rempah ini adalah keberadaan Benteng Oranje di Ternate. Namun, sejauh ini belum banyak latar belakang sejarah perkembangan Benteng Oranje yang terungkap. Tulisan ini mencoba mengisi kelangkaan informasi mengenai benteng tersebut dengan menyajikan hasil kajian terhadap data visual Benteng Oranje berupa gambar dan denah lama yang masih dapat diakses. Kajian dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi atribut-atribut yang ditunjukkan pada setidaknya lima gambar dan denah benteng, yang kemudian dipadukan dengan data sejarah historis yang ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa perubahan bentuk, fungsi dan peran Benteng Oranje dari awal berdirinya hingga saat ini. Penyebab perubahan tersebut terutama disebabkan oleh perubahan kebutuhan masyarakat Belanda yang tinggal di dalam benteng serta situasi politik dan keamanan yang terus berubah sepanjang sejarahnya. Faktor lain yang turut berperan adalah kebijakan pemerintah baik selama masa kolonial maupun setelah kemerdekaan Indonesia. &nbsp;</p> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p> Komang Ayu Suwindiatrini Widya Nayati Copyright (c) 2024 JANUS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-06-28 2024-06-28 2 1 60 90 10.22146/janus.11866 Strategi Peningkatan Pengelolaan Permukiman Adat Bawomataluo untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Warisan Dunia https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/janus/article/view/13121 <p><em>Bawomataluo is one of the sites in Indonesia with the potential to become a world heritage. The site is a traditional settlement located in Bawomataluo Village, Fanayama District, South Nias Regency. Bawomataluo Traditional Settlement has been included in the UNESCO tentative list of world heritage since October 6, 2009. However, until now its position is still on the tentative list. This is due to the absence of nomination documents and adequate management. This paper aims to identify efforts that can be made to improve the site’s management. The method used is a literature study and qualitative analysis of various sources including online news articles, scientific articles, government regulations, and normative directives from UNESCO related to world heritage nominations. Management improvement efforts that can be made to support the nomination of Bawomataluo to become a world heritage include stakeholder mapping, community involvement in management efforts, conservation implementation, preservation of traditions or intangible cultural heritage, sustainable tourism development, and preparation of management plan documents.</em></p> <p><em>===</em></p> <p>Bawomataluo merupakan salah satu situs di Indonesia yang berpotensi untuk menjadi warisan dunia. Situs ini merupakan permukiman tradisional yang terletak di Desa Bawomataluo, Kecamatan Fanayama, Kabupaten Nias Selatan. Permukiman Adat Bawomataluo telah masuk ke dalam daftar sementara warisan dunia UNESCO sejak 6 Oktober 2009. Namun hingga saat ini posisinya masih tetap dalam daftar sementara. Hal tersebut dikarenakan belum adanya dokumen nominasi dan pengelolaan yang memadai. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pengelolaan situs tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dan analisis kualitatif dari berbagai sumber meliputi artikel berita <em>online</em>, artikel ilmiah, peraturan pemerintah, dan arahan normatif dari UNESCO terkait pengusulan warisan dunia. Upaya peningkatan pengelolaan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mendukung pengusulan Bawomataluo menjadi warisan dunia meliputi pemetaan <em>stakehoder</em>, pelibatan masyarakat dalam upaya pengelolaan, pelaksanaan konservasi, pelestarian tradisi atau warisan budaya <em>intangible</em>, pengembangan pariwisata berkelanjutan, serta penyusunan dokumen rencana pengelolaan.</p> Mayca Sita Nurdiana Copyright (c) 2024 JANUS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 2024-06-28 2024-06-28 2 1 91 111 10.22146/janus.13121