Berkala Ilmiah Biologi

Inventory of Amphibian Species (Order Anura) in Ujung Kulon National Park

Siti Rosidah — 2022-12-15

Abstract: This research was conducted to provide an amphibian (order Anura) species list in the Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten, Indonesia. The study was conducted in June-July 2021. The location of the study was determined using a purposive sampling method, namely based on the type of amphibian habitat located in four areas of Ujung Kulon National Park, namely Handeulum Island, Cigenter, Peucang Island, and Cidaon. Sampling was carried out in the morning at 07:00-11:00 WIB and in the evening at 19:00-22:00 WIB using the VES (Visual Encounter Survey) method combined with line transects. The observation station has an average temperature of 25-30˚C, soil moisture 62-69%, air humidity 80-89%, light intensity 832-1443 lux, and soil pH 6.5-6.7. The amphibians obtained were 10 species from 5 families. The Family Dicroglossidae is the most found. The most common species found were at station 3 on Peucang Island and station 4 Cidaon. Differences in the composition of amphibians are caused by different habitats at each station and environmental factors.

Effect of Feeding Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) Extract on Survival Rate and Reproductive Organ Morphology of Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830) Ultraviolet Light Irradiation

Nafisa Kusumawati — 2022-12-15

UV (ultraviolet) radiation is one of the radiations that are naturally emitted by the sun. As the result of climate changes, the earth's ozone layer changes and the UV light radiation to the earth's surface increases. The negative effect of UV radiation is increase due to the production of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) or free radicals in the body. UV radiation protection can be done by increasing the intake of antioxidant-rich foods as free radical inhibitors. Actinidia deliciosa or kiwifruit is a antioxidants-rich fruit including vitamin C. This research was carried out with Drosophila melanogaster as a animal model because it is easy to breed in the laboratory, has a short life cycle, and produces large numbers of eggs. Drosophila melanogaster or fruit flies are the most commonly used of animal models in the biomedical and pharmacological fields. This study aims to determine the effect of UV radiation on fruit fly survival at the larval, pupa, and imago stages and the morphology changes of male and female reproductive organs, as well as to determine the effect of feeding kiwi fruit extract on survival rate and morphology changes of male and female reproductive organs of UV irradiated fruit fly. This research was conducted by providing UV exposure treatment and without UV radiation treatment to fruit flies for 2 hours on banana and kiwi feed medium. Data analysis was carried out with the One Way Anova test followed by the Duncan test. The results showed that UV radiation could affect the survival and morphology of the reproductive organs of fruit flies. The survival rate in the control treatment was 58%, PK treatment 81%, PPUV treatment 45%, and PKUV treatment 47%.

Diversity and Abundance of Rhopalocera (Lepidoptera) in Batutegi Protected Forest, Sumatra, Indonesia

Cita Ramadhanti — 2022-12-15

Butterflies are diurnal animals, divided into six families which are Hesperiidae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, and Riodinidae. Butterflies can be found in any vegetation as long as their host and feed plants are available. Batutegi protected forest has the potential to be butterflies habitat due to the possibility of its richness of host and feed plants. The research was conducted to analyze butterflies diversity and abundance in three different types of vegetation which are shrubs, forest, and Way Sekampung watershed. The methods that used are Shannon-Wiener’s Diversity Index (H’), Simpson’s dominance index (D), and Pielou’s Evenness Index (E). Analysis shows the butterfly diversity up to 3.034; dominance index up to 0.079; and evenness up to 0.823. These results attributed to the highly potential of butterfly diversity, stable evenness, and low butterfly species dominance. Analysis of diversity index in three vegetation obtained result H’ = 3.034 shows that the butterfly community is stable. The evenness index showed a high value E = 0.823 means that the individual of each type is evenly distributed. The dominance index obtained a low value D = 0.079 indicates that no particular type dominates all vegetation.

Diversity of Bryophytes in Plaosan Temple, Central Java

Ninda Nur Amalia — 2022-12-15

Bryophyte grows on various substrates, one of which is rock. Plaosan Temple is composed of andesite stone which has the potential to experience weathering caused by bryophyte. This research aims to determine the diversity of bryophyte, types and classifications of bryophyte, and to determine the bryophyte which are widely and evenly distributed in the rocks of Plaosan Temple, Central Java. Bryophytes samples were collected using the dry herbarium technique and identified at the Plant Systematics Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, UGM. Vegetation analysis was carried out using the quadrat method of 15 x 15 cm plots which were randomly distributed in 52 plots. The environmental parameters measured were air temperature, humidity, and light intensity. Species diversity was analyzed using Shannon-Wiener index. The results obtained 11 types of bryophytes grouped into two classes, namely Hepaticopsida and Bryopsida, including Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng., Brachymenium exile (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Lac., Brachymenium indicum (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Lac., Cyathodium smaragdinum Schiffn., Fissidens atroviridis Besch., Fissidens virens Thwait. & Mitt., Fissidens zollingeri Mont., Gymnostomiella vernicosa (Hook.) Fleisch., Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A. Jaeg., Philonotis hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad., and Riccia hasskarliana Steph. Bryophyte that is widely and evenly distributed is Barbula indica.

Keywords: bryophyte; diversity; andesite; Plaosan temple

Synergism of Turmeric, Moringa, Clove, and Red Betel Extracts with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berl. against Taro Caterpillar (Spodoptera litura Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at the Laboratory Scale

Sukirno — 2022-12-15

Bacillus thuringiensis is known as a bioinsecticide for controlling taro caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fab. in cabbage plants. However, Bt. is easily degraded by ultraviolet (UV), so it needs UV protectant. This research aimed to study the synergism of extract of turmeric, moringa, cloves, and red betel as UV protectants for Bt. and to measure the Bt. half lifes. As much as 25 (w/v) of turmeric, moringa, cloves, and red betel extracts was used to make Bt. suspension. The Bt. suspension then was exposed to sunlight for 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days then it was tested againts 25 individuals of 1st larval instar of taro caterpillar and each treatment was using three replicates. Pathogenicity of each formulation was observed by calculating larval mortality up to the 7th day after treatment. The results showed that the highest larval mortality was found in the Bt. formulation added extracts at 0-day exposure. Mortality data for each Bt. treatment. showed a decrease from the treatment of 0 to 28-day exposures. After 28 days of exposure, Bt. without extract addition had a pathogenicity of 15.2%, whereas Bt. with clove extract had pathogenicity about 56.4%, which is higher than those on turmeric, moringa, and red betel. The first half life of Bt. added with clove was 32.3 days, while the second half life was 50.7 days. Based on this research, it can be concluded that clove has synergism affect when applied with Bt.