Berkala Ilmiah Biologi

Tradisi Pembuidau Dan Kandeko Di Kampung Mambui Distrik Urifaisey, Kabupaten Waropen, Papua Dalam Pelaksanaan Etnokonservasi Tumbuhan Mangrove

Puguh Sujarta — 2024-12-31

Abstract: Papua has natural resources, biodiversity and local wisdom (to manage coastal and marine resources). Research aims: first, to determine knowledge of the Pembuidau and Kandeko traditions; second, to find out knowledge about ethnoconservation of mangrove plants. Data collection techniques using survey, interview and documentation methods. The survey results show that there are seven species of mangrove plants that are utilized by the community, including the leaves, stems, roots, flowers and fruit. Conclusion: first, the Pembuidau and Kandeko Traditions are local wisdom of the Mambui community, including the management of mangrove ecosystems in the form of cleaning the place and planting mangrove plants; second, Ethnoconservation of mangrove plants in a range of uses by the community. The recommendation is to preserve this tradition to maintain the mangrove ecosystem.

The Aerated Compost Extract Increases Growth and Productivity of Red Spinach Plants (Amaranthus tricolor L.)

Dwi Umi Siswanti — 2024-12-31

Synthetic fertilizers are widely used in agriculture to increase crop yields. However, the impact can suppress soil microbial life and reduce soil quality. Therefore, a study about fertilizer alternative that does not have an environmental bad impact is necessary, and one of which is a study of compost extract. Compost extract is a liquid extract produced from soaking compost for several days by aeration or non-aeration. The aims of the research are to determine the effect and the best dosage of aerated and non-aerated compost extract on plant growth and productivity. The plant that will be used in this research is red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.). This reaserch is conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with treatment of compost extract dosage. The chemical parameters of the compost extract analyzed included carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) levels. Parameters observed are plant height; number of leaves; fresh and dry weight of roots, stems, and leaves; root shoot ratio; and levels of vitamin C. Data is analyzed using Analysis of variance (Anova), and differences between treatments will test with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a significance level of 95%. The aerated compost extract with an optimum concentration of 75% increased plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight of stems and leaves, and dry weight of stems. The aerated compost extract with 100% optimum concentration increased root fresh weight, root and leaf dry weight, root:shoot ratio, and vitamin C.

Keywords: Amaranthus tricolor L.; aerated compost extract; non-aerated compost extract; plant growth; plant productivity.

Sistem Memori dan Pembelajaran pada Mamalia

ari susilowati — 2024-12-31

Memory formation in mammals involves complex stages, from initial learning to long-term storage. This review highlights key memory-related genes and proteins such as SYNGAP1, Arc/Arg3.1, BDNF, FOXP2, COMT, NR3C1, KIBRA, H-Ras, ERK1/2, and other genes. Mammals serve as important models in memory research due to their evolutionary proximity to humans, providing insights into brain structures such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, which are crucial in memory processes. Molecular mechanisms such as transcription, translation, synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP), and long-term depression (LTD), as well as neurotransmitters like glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin, are comprehensively discussed with a focus on small, large mammals, and humans. Neurotransmitters affect various functions, including emotion, cognition, memory, learning, and motor functions in test animals. Disruptions in neurotransmitter homeostasis have been linked to numerous neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting the need to understand the complex mechanisms behind memory in mammals. A brief overview of genes and neurotransmitters related to memory and learning will provide insights and considerations in basic neurobiology and biomedical research.

Indonesia Phenetic Relationship of Nine Species of Myrtaceae family Based on Morphology and Leaf Anatomical Characters

Nabila Hasna Rizanda — 2024-12-31

Myrtaceae family is well-known for its beneficial essential oils as anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial. There are more than 30 genera within Myrtaceae family in Indonesia, and they show high morphological variations. This study aims to determine the phenetic relationship of nine species of Myrtacee based on the morphology and leaf anatomical characters. The phenetic relationship was analyzed based on morphology and leaf anatomical characters. Plant samples were collected from the Wanagama and Imogiri Forest areas, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Sample identification resulted in the recognition of nine species belong to the genera Eucalyptus, Syzygium, Eugenia, Psidium, and Melaleuca. Phenetic relationship analysis was carried out by cluster analysis of 30 morphological and leaf anatomical characters using Euclidean distance and the UPGMA clustering method. The resulted dendogram showed the formation of two clusters. The first cluster consists of species from the genus Eucalyptus, while the second cluster consists of species from the genera Syzygium, Eugenia, Psidium, and Melaleuca. The results of principal component analysis showed that bark structure, the type of calcium oxalate crystals, and leaf apex were a three characters with major role in the grouping of species and genera. The results of this study confirm the role of morphological and anatomical characters as taxonomic evidence for the classification of species and genera in Myrtaceae family.

KOMPOSISI NUKLEOTIDA GEN MITOKONDRIA D-LOOP IKAN GLODOK (Periophthalmus argentilineatus Valenciennes, 1837) DARI PANTAI BAROS BANTUL, D.I. YOGYAKARTA

Tuty Arisuryanti — 2024-12-31

Indonesia is a country with a larger area of water than land. Consequently, the diversity of organisms inhabiting Indonesian waters is highly varied. Mangroves are one of the aquatic ecosystems found in Indonesia. One type of fish that can be found in the mangrove ecosystem is the barred mudskipper (Periophthalmus argentilineatus). One of the mangrove forests that Periophthalmus argentilineatus can be found is the Mangrove Forest in Baros Beach, Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The mangrove ecosystem is influenced by tidal cycles, so the barred mudskipper has unique adaptations, such as breathing with gills during high tide and breathing through the skin and the mucus lining of the mouth and throat during low tide or dry conditions, as well as storing water in its gill cavities. However, research on the composition of mitochondrial D-loop nucleotide of the barred mudskipper is still very limited. The data is crucial and can be used in conservation efforts. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the nucleotide composition of the mitochondrial D-loop gene sequence of the mudskipper (Periophthalmus argentilineatus) collected from Baros Beach, Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. DNA extraction was performed on seven mudskipper samples, followed by DNA amplification using universal primers L15995 and H16498 targeting the mitochondrial D-loop gene. The study results showed variations in the nucleotide composition of T, A, C, and G in the seven mudskipper samples, which were 25.77%, 27.35%, 21.46%, and 25.42%, respectively. The average nucleotide composition of A+T was 47.2%, while G+C was 52.77%.