Berkala Ilmiah Biologi

Analysis of Guinea Pig Skin as Animal Model in Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine

2024-09-01T13:59:15+07:00

Skin is the main barrier to protect against harmful environmental influences, one of which is ultraviolet radiation (UVR) which comes from sunlight. Therefore, skin damage due to UVR (photodamage) has gained prominence in dermatology and aesthetic medicine, especially in tropical countries. Guinea pig (GP) as tropical mammal is potential to serve as animal model for skin-related research due to the similarity of their coat pigmentation to that of humans. This research aims to study the skin condition and histomorphometric structure of GP skin with coat color variations. Samples consisted of six adult female GP with tricolor and tortoiseshell patterns. After neatly shaved in 2 x 2 cm² area, skin condition is then evaluated using Skin Analyzer. Skin samples were processed into histological preparations using paraffin method with 10 % NBF as fixative and stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) to measure the thickness of epidermis and dermis. Results demonstrated that skin moisture levels do not significantly differ between coat colors, higher levels of sebum and pigmentation correspond with darker coat colors, whereas lower levels of elasticity and collagen are associated with lighter coat colors. Histomorphometric examination showed that in tortoiseshell GP, the thickness of the epidermis and dermis increased with the coat color, but in tricolor GP, the thickness of epidermis and dermis varied. Furthermore, tortoiseshell GP have thicker epidermis and dermis than tricolor GP. It can be concluded that coat color affects the skin condition as well as the thickness of epidermis and dermis. Based on the pigmentation pattern, tortoiseshell GP is promoted as the most suitable animal model to represent tropical human skin.

The Effectiveness of Plant Toxins from Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L., 1753) and Purple Lavender (Lavandula officinalis L., 1753) on Rice Bettle Sitophilus oryzae L. (1758)

2024-09-02T15:08:10+07:00

Rice beetle Sitophilus oryzae is one of the pests that must be eradicated because it plays a role in reducing rice quality, especially in storage warehouses.Usually the warehouse staff eradicate the rice beetle Sitophilus oryzae with artificial insecticides. However, artificial insecticides are not very friendly to the environment. Researchers try to bring solutions to these problems. This research describes a solution to create natural insecticides derived from plants. It has been proven that natural insecticides are much more environmentally friendly than artificial insecticides. This research used the simplicia powder of the Butterfly Pea Clitoria ternatea and the Purple Lavender Lavandula afficinalis as a test material to see its toxin ability against the rice beetle Sitophyllus oryzae to cause mortality. Researchers used quantities of 2 grams, 4 grams, 6 grams, and 8 grams which were supplemented with controls on each plant. The results of the data obtained are displayed in graphical form and using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and using a further test of Honest Significant Difference (BNJ) using the SPSS ver.25 application to find out the significant difference between the test materials. It can be concluded that the Purple Lavender simplicia powder Lavandula afficinalis can kill the Rice Beetle Sitophyllus oryzae more, with the number of deaths reaching 63 tails and a quantity of 8 grams with the highest mortality rate.

Jenis Ragi dan Bahan Pembungkus Terhadap Kualitas Tempe

2024-09-01T13:58:34+07:00

Abstrak: Tempe adalah salah satu produk fermentasi kedelai populer di Indonesia dan dalam pembuatannya melibatkan ragi. Selain rasanya yang enak dan harga yang relatif terjangkau, tempe memiliki banyak nilai kandungan gizi diantaranya vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin K, protein dan asam amino esensial tinggi. Kualitas tempe yang baik dapat dipengaruhi oleh pemilihan bahan dan ketepatan dalam cara pembuatan. Selain kedelai, kualitas tempe dipengaruhi oleh jenis ragi dan bahan pembungkus. Saat ini, pada umumnya proses pembuatan tempe menggunakan ragi instan dan plastik sebagai bahan pembungkus dibandingkan dengan usar atau bahan pembungkus lainnya yang ada di pasaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguraikan pengaruh tipe ragi dan bahan pembungkus terhadap kualitas dan daya simpan tempe kedelai. Penilaian organoleptik dilakukan dengan uji hedonik yang dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal Wallis dan apabila ada perbedaan nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann Whitney. Sedangkan pengamatan daya simpan dilakukan dengan uji sensoris hingga tempe membusuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh jenis ragi dan bahan pembungkus terhadap kualitas tempe. Tempe perlakuan P5 (dengan menggunakan usar dan daun pisang) memiliki nilai tertinggi baik dari warna (3.76±0.0737), aroma (2.73±0.1447^ceg), tekstur (2.93±0.1047^ceg), rasa (3.74±0.1407^fj), daya simpan (4 hari) dan pertumbuhan kapang yang lebih cepat daripada perlakuan lainnya. Berdasarkan penilaian panelis lebih menyukai tempe yang menggunakan usar dan dibungkus menggunakan daun pisang, selain lebih alami, tempe dengan perlakuan tersebut memiliki daya tahan paling lama.

Kata kunci: daya simpan, ragi instan, ragi usar, karakter organoleptik, tempe

Variation and Phenetic Relationship of Passiflora spp. in Yogyakarta Based on Morphological and Anatomical Characters

2024-09-01T13:59:36+07:00

Passiflora spp. or passion fruit is a tropical plant that is often used as a food source. The large morphological variations of Passiflora cause difficulties in identifying the species. The objectives of the study are to identify the specific morphological and anatomical characters of Passiflora spp. in Yogyakarta and to determine their phenetic relationship for identification. A total of 15 samples of Passiflora were taken by purposive sampling technique from Bantul, Sleman, Kulon Progo, and Yogyakarta City, and then carried through the morphological and anatomical characterization. The morphological characters observed stems, leaves, and flowers, while the anatomical characters observed leaves. The results show that the observed samples are identified as four species, P. foetida, P. vitifolia, P. edulis, and P. quadrangularis. The P. edulis species consists of two forms, P. edulis f. flavicarpa and P. edulis f. edulis. The variation of morphological character lie in young stem shape, leaf shape, the texture of stem and leaf surface, bract shape and color, sepal and petal color, and the presence of a purple corona ring. While the variation of anatomical characters lie in the pattern of the vascular bundles, the shape of the upper and lower sides of the leaf veins, the shape and size of the palisade cells, as well as the type and density of stomata. Based on the phenetic analysis on the 0.8 phenon line, four main clusters were formed, P. foetida, P. vitifolia, P. edulis, and P. quadrangularis.

ANATOMICAL DEVELOPMENT AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF STERIL OVULE MELINJO (Gnetum gnemon L.)

2024-09-01T13:58:13+07:00

In this section, the abstract must be written in English. Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) is a plant that grows and spreads throughout Indonesia. This plant is widely cultivated because of its economic value. The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical development of sterile melinjo ovule at the tip, middle and base of the female strobili and to determine the content of secondary metabolites in melinjo sterile ovule. The material used is sterile ovulum melinjo at the tip, middle and base of the female strobilus. In observing the anatomical development of sterile melinjo ovule, preparations were made using the paraffin method, single staining, and observed under a microscope. The anatomical data of the sterile ovule were analyzed descriptively. Observation of secondary metabolite content was carried out through histochemical tests, then observed with a light microscope and the results of the observations were documented using OptiLab. The results of observing anatomical development show that at different ages of melinjo sterile ovule there are structural differences in the constituent tissues. The results of observations on anatomical development show that at different ages the melinjo sterile ovule has structural differences in its constituent tissue, the more mature the melinjo sterile ovule, the constituent tissue is increasingly degraded. Histochemical test results showed that the sterile melinjo ovule contained secondary metabolites of phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and alkaloids.