Berkala Ilmiah Biologi

Ethnobotanical Study of Papaya plant (Carica papaya L.) in Díli, Timor-Leste

2024-05-06T12:52:36+07:00

Abstract: Papaya is one of the traditional medicinal plant. All parts of this plant can be used as traditional medicine. This research aims to examine the ethnobotanical use of papaya plant by the people of Díli, Timor-Leste. The sample for this study was 50 people. It was carried out using a questionnaire, which contained structured questions. The result of this study showed that people obtain papaya from their home garden and use it freshly to make traditional medicine. The parts of papaya that can be used are: leaves, roots, fruit and flowers. These parts can be prepared using methods, such as: decoction, mixed with food, fried, consumed directly, heated in a fire, crushed and salad. These can be consumed by eating and drinking to treat internal diseases such as infections and parasites and others diseases of various body systems. It can be used by topical method and for bathing, to treat external diseases such as wounds. The quantity of consuming papaya can be once/day to three times/day. The time period needed to recover from diseases are varies from a day to recovery. This knowledge is obtained from the community itself, which needs to be preserved for future generations.

Biodiversity of Banana Trees (Musa sp.) in Purwodadi Botanical Gardens

2024-05-06T10:47:41+07:00

Banana is a fruit that is often found in everyday life. This fruit is a daily consumption to meet daily nutritional needs. Indonesia has approximately 200 types of bananas scattered throughout the island. Diversity of banana trees (Musa sp.) in an effort to conserve Indonesian plants that live in lowland forests by carrying out plant exploration and collection activities. This research was conducted at the Purwodadi Botanical Gardens (KRP) with the aim of knowing the collection of banana trees (Musa sp.) in KRP. The method used is the roaming method with observation data collection. The results showed that there were 44 species of banana trees (Musa sp.) found alive, including the wild species with seeds Musa acuminate Colla and Musa balbisiana Colla. The species found consisted of 6 kinds of cultivar genome groups that had different characteristics. Banana tree cultivation was developed because it has many benefits and nutritional content for health.

Phenotype Characters and Inbreeding Coefficient in F5 Golden Kamper Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)

2024-05-06T10:47:22+07:00

Golden Kamper Chicken is a chicken from crossing between pelung and layer chickens that have good meat and egg productivity. Currently, Golden Kamper has reached its fifth generation (F₅ Golden Kamper). Phenotype characters of F₅ Golden Kamper should be studied to know the character inheritance from the parental, F₄ Golden Kamper. This research aims to study the phenotype character of F₅ Golden Kamper chickens and to determine the inbreeding coefficient value of F₅ Golden Kamper. The research has been done by hybridising F₄ Golden Kamper hens and roosters, raising DOC, egg collection, phenotypic data collection, and calculating the inbreeding coefficient value of F₅ Golden Kamper chicken. The results showed that F₅ Golden Kamper have white and yellow shank, golden-brown and black-brown feather, and single comb. The inbreeding coefficient value obtained is 0,375, shows that individual F₅ Golden Kamper chickens have low genetic uniformity in a population.

- STUDY OF SPECIES AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF KNIFEFISH (FAMILY: NOTOPTERIDAE) TRADED AT PARUNG ORNAMENTAL FISH MARKET, BOGOR REGENCY

2024-05-06T10:47:36+07:00

Indonesia hosts 4 endemic knifefish species namely: Chitala borneensis, Chitala hypselonotus, Chitala lopis, and Notopterus notopterus. The natural distribution of the four species includes Java, Riau, Sumatra, Jambi, Bengkulu, Lampung, and Kalimantan. Knifefish or belida (Notopteridae) is an ornamental fish that is fairly popular among Indonesian ornamental fish lovers. Overfishing activities in nature, as well as alterations and deterioration of the aquatic environment, can cause the sustainability of this fish to be endangered. The local knifefish population has declined, evidenced by data from the Riau Provincial Statistics Agency through data on the capture of belida fish (Chitala spp. and Notopterus spp.) in Riau in 2009. The research was conducted in February-April 2023 at Parung Ornamental Fish Market, Bogor Regency. The purpose of this study was to identify which knifefish species (Notopteridae) are traded in Parung Ornamental Fish Market, Bogor Regency; Conservation status of each knifefish species and the origin of knifefish traded in Parung Ornamental Fish Market, Bogor Regency. The method used was morphological comparison of fish and interviews. The results obtained show that there were 3 species of knifefish traded, 1 of them is a local species (N. notopterus) which is fully protected by the Decree of the Minister of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs Number 1 of 2021 with a conservation status of Least Concern (LC). The other two species are species from outside Indonesia (C. ornata with conservation status LC and C. blanci with conservation status Near Threatened (NT)). Local knifefish marketed by sellers come from the wild, strongly suspected to originate from Jambi area, precisely in Batanghari River basin and its tributaries. Meanwhile, the majority of non-local knifefish species are imported from Vietnam and Thailand, as well as several fish farm locations in the Parung area.

Single-Dose Oral Toxicity Study of Chloroform Extract of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) Leaves in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769)

2024-05-06T10:47:45+07:00

Leaves of kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) are commonly used as a seasoning in various Indonesian and Southeast Asian dishes. Phytochemical studies reported various secondary metabolites that possess medicinal properties. Before exploring their potential as therapeutic agent, a series of toxicity studies must be conducted to assess the toxicity and safety levels. This research aimed to study the single-dose acute oral toxicity of chloroform extract of kaffir lime leaves (CECHL) in female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) as experimental animals. The procedure followed OECD Test Guideline No.420 with the dose 2000 mg/kg bw for 14 days (Sighting study). Parameters consisted of mortality, clinical signs of sublethal effect based on changes in general appearance and daily activity/behavior, hematological profile, and blood clinical biochemistry. Neither mortality nor sublethal effects were found during the experiment. All blood parameter values (erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes, ALT, AST, creatinine, BUN, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides) were within reference interval, indicating that CECHL is not harmful to normal physiology. In conclusion, single-dose oral administration of CECHL is safe, no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) at dose 2000 mg/kg bw or included in Category 5 based on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS).

Conservation Status and Habitat Preservation of Red Cats (Catopuma badia) in Kalimantan Forests

2024-05-06T10:47:28+07:00

Indonesia is a country with vast animal diversity. In Kalimantan Island, there is an endemic animal that is rarely sighted and endangered, this animal is called Red Cat. Kalimantan Red Cat or Borneo Bay Cat (Catopuma badia) is a protected wild cat in Indonesia. The spread of these cats is also found in Northern Kalimantan which is in Sabah and Sarawak of Malaysia, it's also found in Indonesian forest. Red cats have dark chestnut red and faintly spotted fur, short rounded heads with orange-brown color. The ears of these cats are either black or dark brown colored, and its tail has a white line with dark spot at the tip of the tail. Until now, the population of these cats are unknown and categorized in an endangered conservation status by IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) red list. Based on its status, the Kalimantan red cat is facing extinction risk in nature. Its status is endangered. The main problem is the lack of research information about its ecology and biology. These are very influential in conservation efforts.