Berkala Ilmiah Biologi

Manokwari Wasti Lake Mangrove Forest Vegetation Structure, West Papua

2023-09-18T16:14:27+07:00

Wasti lake in Manokwari is one of the mangrove forest areas located on the coast of Manokwari and has ecological, economic and socio-cultural potential. Development continues, land conversion for settlement and economic development will have a negative impact on the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem in Wasti Lake. Thus, this study aims to determine the vegetation structure of the mangrove forest at Telaga Wasti and its ecological potential to prepare teaching materials for ecology courses at the Biology Education Study Program, University of Papua. This research was conducted in May - July 2022. The method used is the line method (transect line) and the quadratic method. Data was collected on plots measuring 20m x 20m for tree vegetation, 10m x 10m for pole vegetation, 5m x 5m for saplings and 2m x 2m for seedlings. The results of data analysis showed that the mangrove vegetation structure consisted of 7 species from 4 families. The highest INP at tree level for both stations was Sonneratia alba, while the highest INP for pole level at station I was Rhizophora stylosa and station II was Sonneratia alba. The highest level of sapling at station I INP was Rhizophora stylosa and at station II the highest INP was R. apiculata. Then the highest INP station I seedling vegetation was R. stylosa and the highest INP Station II was R. apuculata.

Effect of Fermented Feed on Cattle Weight at Pondok Rawa Village, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera

2023-09-18T16:17:58+07:00

Abstract: Cattle farming in Indonesia, especially in North Sumatra, is still a secondary livelihood for breeders. Treatment and processing of beef are generally done in the traditional way. The success of the beef cattle business is very dependent on the fulfillment of nutrients that affect livestock health. Therefore, quality and sustainable feed is an important factor in livestock cultivation technology. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fermented feed on cattle weight at a small cattle farm in Pondok Rawa Village, Deli Serdang Regency, Sumatera Utara. Fermented feed is formulated by mixing corn ash and palm oil cake (5:1), coarse salt, molasses, and EM4 into chlorine-free water. The feed was stored in PP plastic and incubated for 7 days. Five cows chosen randomly were given fermented feed every day for 1 month while the other 5 cows were only given forage. All test cattle were about 4 years old and weighed weekly and the data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA in JASP 0.16.4. The results showed that the average weight gain of one cattle fed with fermented feed (1.54 kg/week) was higher than forage treatment (0.69 kg/week). This result was validated and substantiated by ANOVA test result showing that value of p < 0.05.

Macroalgae Abundance in Intertidal Zone of Nglolang Beach, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta

2023-09-18T16:23:39+07:00

Nglolang Beach located in Sepanjang street, Kemadang, Tanjungsari, Gunungkidul regency, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The substrate in this beach determines the presence of macroalgae. Macroalgae found in the intertidal zone, that is between sea and terrestrial environment. The characteristics of substrate in intertidal zones consist of sandy, rocky, and dead coral. Macroalgae plays the role of a producer for organisms in this ecosystem. Macroalgae also has an important role as a food source, bioremediation, a sink carbon, nutrient and energy, and economic benefits. This research aims to study about the abundance of macroalgae in the intertidal zone and the environmental factors that influence abundance of macroalgae at Nglolang Beach. The observation was conducted using a 1x1 m plot and the sampling using transect performed in the intertidal zone. The ecological parameters including water temperature and air temperature, salinity, and pH then being measured. After observation, the density (Ds), frequency (F), dominance (D), relative density (RD), relative frequency (RF), relative dominance (RDo) and Species important values index (IVI) were calculated. The highest importance value index belongs to the species Ulva lactuca (IVI = 93.84; RD = 36.28%; RF = 21.28%; RDo = 36.28%), meanwhile the lowest importance value belongs to the species Chaetomorpha crassa (IVI = 1.21; RD = 0.08%; RF = 1.06%; RDo = 0.08%).

Anatomical Structure and Histochemical Study Male Strobilus of Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.)

2023-09-18T16:26:27+07:00

Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) is a plant from the Gymnospermae has many benefit, one of them is the melinjo male strobilus which is used as a vegetable. In melinjo plants there are various kinds of secondary metabolite compounds, especially the organs of leaves, seeds and seed coats, so that apart from being used as food ingredient it can be used as traditional medicine. This study aims to determine the anatomical structure and content of secondary metabolites in melinjo male strobilus. Observations of anatomical structures were made using paraffin methods, and observations of secondary metabolite content used histochemical tests using reagents on slices of fresh preparations then observed with a light microscope and were documented using OptiLab. The results of the observations revealed that anatomical structure of the nodes and internodes at the base, middle, and tip does not revealed that there was structural differences that composed of epidermal tissue, parenchyma tissue, and vascular bundle with xylem and phloem, but there were differences in size that are getting smaller from the base to tip. The structure of the male flowers revealed that there were structural differences with differentiation from the tip to the base of the anther with increasingly size of the cells epidermal tissue, degradation of parenchyma tissue at the middle layer and tapetum, and pollen have been formed. Histochemical test at melinjo male strobilus contained secondary metabolites such as phenolics, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins.

Comparison of the Composition and Abundance of Phytoplankton Based on Different Land Use in the Cisadane River, Tangerang Regency

2023-09-18T17:03:11+07:00

Phytoplankton is an autotrophic organism that produce its own food through the process of photosynthesis with the help of sunlight which forms the basis of water productivity to be utilized for trophic organisms above. In freshwater, river plankton are categorized as potamoplankton. Rivers are a dominant freshwater ecosystem and have a more stable morphology than other freshwaters. Changes in land function is triggered by an increase in human population, an increase in the number of residential areas and industrial activities that discharge untreated waste into the river. Because of the importance of phytoplankton for life, it is necessary to conduct research on the Comparison of Phytoplankton Composition and Abundance Based on Different Land Uses in the Cisadane River, Tangerang Regency. In this study, sampling was carried out using a purposive sampling method by measuring parameters such as pH, temperature, and water transparency. Identification of phytoplankton composition and abundance was carried out using the Sedgwick Rafter Counting Cell (SRCC) using the sweep method. The results of this study obtained 23 phytoplankton genera from 6 classes consisting of: Bacillaryophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Conjugatophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, and Zygnematophyceae. Phytoplankton abundance was 185-490 Ind/L with the highest abundance in both areas are Bacillaryopiceae and Navicula. The diversity index was 1.307-2.124 and the dominance index was 0.201-0.461. Water quality parameters that affect the composition and abundance of phytoplankton are water-transparency, pH, and water temperature. The fertility level of the Cisadane River waters has an oligotrophic fertility level.

The Potency of Olive Oil, Coconut Oil, and Bleached Palm Oil as Clearing Agent in Histological Preparation

2023-09-19T13:58:38+07:00

Clearing is an important process in histological preparations. The aim of the clearing process is to remove alcohol from the tissues upon dehydration. The most commonly used clearing agent is xylol, however it is known that there are negative effects from using xylol. This literature study purpose to study the potential of three vegetable oils, i.e., olive oil, coconut oil, and refined palm oil, as clearing agents to replace xylol. This literature study was conducted using search engines such as Semantic Scholar, NCBI, ICAMS, IJPRSE, JOMFP, PubMed, and ResearchGate with the keywords olive oil, coconut oil, palm oil, xylol, clearing agent, and histological preparations. There is no year limitation of references in this literature study. Based on the literatures, it is known that the use of olive oil as a clearing agent produces similar histological preparation qualities to xylol. This can be seen from several criteria that were measured, including the level of tissue translucency and the ability to maintain the quality of the staining. Similar results were shown by purified coconut oil and palm oil, both of which can produce tissues with optimal levels of transparency. The conclusion from this literature study is that refined olive oil, coconut oil, and palm oil can be used as clearing agents for xylol substitutes that are safer for researchers and the environment.