Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini menganalisis dinamika perubahan sosial budaya di Desa Rawak Hulu dan Rawak Hilir, Kecamatan Sekadau Hulu, Kalimantan Barat, dari pola etnosentrisme menuju multikulturalisme. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pendidikan multikultural serta interaksi antarbudaya menjadi faktor utama pendorong perubahan tersebut. Pendidikan berperan aktif dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai inklusif dan mendekonstruksi prasangka lama, sementara interaksi sosial memperkuat kohesi antara komunitas Melayu dan Tionghoa. Peningkatan kesadaran sosial dan perluasan akses terhadap pendidikan turut mendorong penerapan nilai-nilai inklusif, sehingga tercipta lingkungan multikultural yang harmonis. Meskipun demikian, tantangan tetap muncul, khususnya pada momen-momen politik yang berpotensi memicu kembali sentimen etnis. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa multikulturalisme merupakan proses dinamis yang memerlukan pemeliharaan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman tentang transformasi sosial di wilayah pedesaan Indonesia serta menegaskan pentingnya kebijakan yang mendukung integrasi budaya dan pendidikan multikultural guna memperkuat kohesi sosial di masyarakat yang beragam secara etnis.
Kata kunci: Etnosentrisme; Multikulturalisme; Perubahan Sosial Budaya; Pendidikan.
Abstract
This study examines the socio-cultural transformation of Rawak Hulu and Rawak Hilir villages in the Sekadau Hulu District, West Kalimantan, focusing on the shift from ethnocentrism to multiculturalism. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The findings indicate that multicultural education and intercultural interaction are the main drivers of this transformation. Education plays an active role in fostering inclusive values and deconstructing long-standing prejudices, while social interactions strengthen cohesion between the Malay and Chinese communities. Increasing social awareness and broader access to education have further promoted the adoption of inclusive values, leading to the development of a harmonious multicultural environment. However, challenges remain, particularly during political periods that may reignite ethnic sentiments, suggesting that multiculturalism is a dynamic process requiring ongoing maintenance. This study contributes to the broader understanding of social change in rural Indonesia and highlights the importance of policies that promote cultural integration and multicultural education to strengthen social cohesion in ethnically diverse communities.
Key words: Ethnocentrism; Multiculturalism; Sociocultural Change; Education.
References
Ajodo, Angela, dan Adebanjoko. 2017. “Towards ending conflict and insecurity in the Niger Delta region: A collective non-violent approach.” African Journal on Conflict Resolution 17(1):9–27.
Axelrod, Robert, dan Ross A. Hammond. 2003. “The Evolution of Ethnocentric Behavior.” Midwest Political Science Convention April 3rd 2003 1–30.
Baharuddin. 2015. “Bentuk-Bentuk Perubahan Sosial Dan Kebudayaan.” Al-Hikmah 9(2):180–205. doi: 10.24260/al-hikmah.v9i2.323.
Banks, James A. 1997. Teaching Strategies for Ethnic Studies. 6 ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. 2019. “Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis.” Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health 11(4):589–97. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806.
Creswell, John W., dan J. David Creswell. 2018. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 4 ed. London.
Creswell, John W., dan Cheryl N. Poth. 2018. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. 4 ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Flick, Uwe. 2009. An Introduction To Qualitative Fourth Edition. 4 ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Giddens, Anthony. 1984. The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Giddens, Anthony. 2006. Sociology. 5 ed. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Hidayati, Inayah. 2021. “Urbanisasi dan Dampak Sosial di Kota Besar: Sebuah Tinjauan.” Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial 7(2):212–21. doi: 10.23887/jiis.v7i2.40517.
Horowitz, Donald L. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Isabela, Monica Ayu Caesar, dan Nibras Nada Nailufar. 2022. “Multikulturalisme: Definisi, Jenis, dan Penerapannya.” kompas.com. Diambil 9 September 2024 (https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/02/28/00000081/multikulturalisme--definisi-jenis-dan-penerapannya).
Jessica, Eva. 2023. “Etnosentrisme – Pengertian, Penyebab, Dampak dan Contohnya.” Zeniusnet. Diambil 9 September 2024 (https://www.zenius.net/blog/pengertian-etnosentrisme-dan-contohnya).
Junaedi, Diki Dikrurohman, dan Abdullah. 2023. “Analysis of Social Change in Rural Communities Due To.” journal of Edunity: Social Science and Education Studies 2(3):431–41.
Mead, George Herbert. 1934. Mind, Self, and Society: From the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Patton, Michael Quinn. 2015. Qualitative research and evaluation methods. 4 ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Pongantung, Nastassja Virginia. 2018. “Perubahan Sosial Budaya Dan Ekonomi Masyarakat Kampung Arborek Kabupaten Raja Ampat Setelah Menjadi Kawasan Wisata.” Agri-Sosioekonomi 14(1):109–16. doi: 10.35791/agrsosek.14.1.2018.19008.
Rostow, Walt. 1960. The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Saleh, Adam. 2020. “Perubahan Sosial Budaya Masyarakat Pedesaan Pasca Revolusi Hijau.” Moderasi: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial 1(1):71–93. doi: 10.24239/moderasi.vol1.iss1.10.
Sorokin, Pitirim. 1959. Social and Cultural Mobility. Glencoe: free Press.
Sumner, William Graham. 1906. Folkways: A Study of the Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals. 1 ed. Ginn.
Supardi. 2016. “Pendidikan Sejarah Lokal dalam Konteks Multikulturalisme.” Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan 25(1):117–38. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/cp.v0i1.395.
Taylor, Charles. 1994. Multiculturalism Examining The Politics Of Recognition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Toha, Syahidi, dan Itaanis Tianah. 2024. “Internalization of Multiculturalism Values in Integrated Social Sciences Learning.” SOCIALE: International Journal of Social Studies 1(1):132–43. doi: https://doi.org/10.19105/sociale.v1i1.12276.
Widaty, Cucu. 2020. “Perubahan Kehidupan Gotong Royong Masyarakat Pedesaan Di Kecamatan Padaherang Kabupaten Pangandaran.” PADARINGAN (Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi Antropologi) 2(1):174–86. doi: 10.20527/padaringan.v2i1.1617.
Wilding, Raelene, dan Caitlin Nunn. 2017. “Non-metropolitan productions of multiculturalism: Refugee settlement in rural Australia.” Durham Research Online 2(2):2542–60. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2017.1394479.
Yusanto, Yoki. 2019. “Ragam Pendekatan Penelitian Kualitatif.” Journal of Scientific Communication (Jsc) 1(1):1–13. doi: 10.31506/jsc.v1i1.7764.