Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Molecular Docking Study of Caffeic Acid as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor

Mon, 18 Dec 2023 18:01:51 +0700

Abstract: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) receptor is a receptor that has been widely used as a potential drug target for Alzheimer's disease. Caffeic acid is a phenolic compound that had been experimentally proven to be an inhibitor of AChE. In this study, 100 molecular docking simulations were performed to study the interaction of caffeic acid in inhibiting AChE. The molecular docking simulations were performed using YASARA software with an in-house developed plug-in. Redocking results showed that there were 99 out of 100 docking poses had an RMSD value of ≤ 2.000 Å, which indicated that the molecular docking procedure could be used for further processes. The molecular docking of caffeic acid showed that all docking poses had an RMSD value of ≤ 2.000 Å relative to the best pose of the first simulation, revealing that there was only one dominant docking pose in the AChE active site. Caffeic acid interacted favorably in the AChE active site with binding energy of about -8.022 kcal/mol. Its interactions were stabilized by hydrophobic and pi-anion interactions, in which some of the interactions resemble the same interaction of the native ligand.

Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase, Alzheimer's disease, caffeic acid, molecular docking

The Application of FTIR Spectroscopy Combined Chemometrics for Analysis of Keting Fish Oil in Binary Mixture with Patin Fish Oil and Palm Oil

Nadia Miftahul Jannah, Abdul Rohman, Lily Arsanti Lestari — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 12:43:49 +0700

Keting fish (Mystus gulio) is a local fish from Indonesia. The quality of keting fish oil needs to be maintained to avoid counterfeiting. The use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can be developed for quantitative analysis of keting fish oil (KFO) in binary mixtures with palm oil (PO) and patin fish oil (PFO). In this present research, PLS and PCR models were used to construct a multivariate calibration for the KFO content in the binary mixtures analyzed at fingerprint region frequencies of 1500-1000 cm^-1. The results showed that PLS with second derivative FTIR spectra was well suited for quantitative analysis of KFO-PFO with a value of the coefficient of determination (R²) = 0.997 and the error expressed as root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) = 0.0204. Meanwhile, R² 0.999 and RMSEC values obtained for KFO in a mixture with PO were and 0.0133. In general, FTIR spectroscopy serves as a suitable technique for the determination of KFO in mixtures with other oils.

Application of Real-time PCR with Mitochondrial D-Loop Specific Primers for Halal Authentication: Identifying Bovine Adulteration in Meatball Products

Rien Larasati Arini, Abdul Rohman, Rumiyati — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 12:45:48 +0700

This study aimed to develop an analytical method using Real-time PCR and a specific primer to analyze bovine DNA in meatballs, addressing the issue of non-halal meat being used in halal meatballs. Real-time PCR enables rapid, specific, and sensitive detection, allowing for qualitative and quantitative identification of species in processed products. The research involved designing specific primers for bovine DNA using IDT software, followed by DNA isolation and testing for various parameters such as specifications, linearity, limit of detection, efficiency, and repeatability. The results demonstrated that the primer D-Loop 922 (forward: 5-ATTACCATGCCGCGTGAA-3', Reverse: 5'-GATGAGATGGCCCTGAAGAAA-3'), designed and tested in silico using Primer-BLAST software from NCBI, effectively identified bovine DNA in both fresh meat and meatballs at an optimum annealing temperature of 59.5°C. The real-time PCR method utilizing the D-loop 922 primer successfully amplified bovine DNA in both bovine samples and bovine meatballs at a minimum concentration of 1 ng, with coefficients of variation (CV) of 0.20% for bovine DNA and 0.22% for bovine meatballs. Consequently, the D-loop 922 primer met the testing criteria and can be utilized to authenticate the halal status of meatball products, supporting the implementation of Law No. 33 of 2014 regarding halal certification.

The Development of Alternative Dosage Form for Creatine Monohydrate: A Floating Tablet

Wed, 20 Dec 2023 12:47:40 +0700

Creatine monohydrate has been developed as a neuroprotective agent and can penetrate in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. However, its delivery is hampered by its limited capacity of creatine transporter. The floating system is known to increase the residence time of drugs in the stomach; thus, the active substances can be absorbed more optimally. Therefore, this study is aimed to develop creatine monohydrate floating tablets by optimizing the proportion of HPMC K100M and NaHCO2 and evaluating the quality of floating tablets. The formula was designed Simplex Lattice Design method. Tablets were prepared by the wet granulation method and evaluated for granule and tablet parameters. The results showed that HPMC K100M significantly increased flow time, absorption rate, hardness, floating time, swelling index; decreased index tap, fragility, and floating lag time. Meanwhile, an increase in NaHCO2 significantly affects an increase in floating lag time. The optimum formula obtained was 18.87% HPMC K100M and 21.12% NaHCO2. Verification of the optimum formula showed that tablet parameters were not significantly different from the predicted formula. The studies suggest that this prototype can be developed to increase creatine residence time in the stomach.

Black Pepper’s Anti-Aging and Chemo-preventive Properties: A Review

Endah — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 12:51:59 +0700

The possible uses of black pepper, a common spice used for cooking, have been expanded. Despite countless studies on its advantageous biological effects, it would be difficult to determine its effectiveness as an anti-aging and chemo-preventive medication. Piperine, chavicine, caryophyllene, and sabinene are a few examples of black pepper components that exhibit pharmacological characteristics. This article reviews black pepper's main ingredients and discusses how effective it is at preventing aging and cancer. Using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Medline for our electronic research, we screened pertinent papers from scientific journals. To help with the explanation in the narrative, all the data was compiled and summarized into tables and graphs. Overall, the anti-aging properties of black pepper and its constituents are exhibited through several pathways, including senescence prevention, antioxidant protection, control of ROS levels, and the inhibition of aging-related enzymes. Additionally, cell cycle regulation, antiangiogenic and anti-metastatic action, apoptosis induction, and the suppression of carcinogenesis are some of the mechanisms utilized in cancer prevention activities. It has been shown to have synergistic effects on several cancer cells when combined with doxorubicin. According to these studies, black pepper could be considered for development as an anti-aging and chemo-preventive agent.

Analysis of Total Flavonoid and Antioxidant Activity of Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia) using ABTS (2,2-azinobis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid) Method

Molesy Fransina Tanesib, Kholif Sholehah Indra Kurniasih, Andre Toga Nugraha — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 12:53:45 +0700

Black turmeric (Curcuma caesia) has a higher concentration of phytochemical compounds compared to other turmeric species. This means it's an incredibly potent natural antioxidant. Experts believe that black turmeric could have some amazing health benefits, such as protecting against oxidative stress and reducing inflammation. Black turmeric was extracted using the maceration method with a methanol solvent. After extracting black turmeric using the maceration method and methanol solvent, the resulting extracts were tested qualitatively for flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins. Then proceed with the quantitative test to determine the total levels of flavonoids and test the antioxidant activity using the ABTS method. The results of this study obtained a yield of 13.26%, positive qualitative test results for flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins, and total flavonoid levels of 10.326 ± 0.074 mgEQ/g extract with an IC50 of 88.581 ± 3.376 ppm. Based on the results of the antioxidant activity, black turmeric methanol extract has strong antioxidant activity.

Optimization of Highly Porous Mannitol Preparation using Ammonium bicarbonate and Citric acid as Templating Agents with Spray Drying Technique

Nindya Kusumorini, Adhyatmika — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 13:01:13 +0700

This study investigated the effect of ammonium bicarbonate and citric acid as templating agents using spray drying technique to improve the porosity of D-mannitol powder. It has been shown that textural properties, such as surface area and pore volume produced, are affected by the type and concentration of templating agents, inlet temperature, and outlet temperature of spray drying. The structure of mannitol powder produced changes considerably due to the change in its textural properties to particle powder with high porosity, surface area, and pore volume. The results show that the ratio of D-mannitol to ammonium bicarbonate 10:5 w/w% with water solvent temperature of 30 ^oC, spray drying inlet temperature of 120 ^oC, and spray drying outlet temperature of 70 ^oC, resulting in the highest porosity, surface area, and pore volume. The surface area of mannitol increased from 1.167 m²/g to 3.571 m²/g, followed by an increase in pore volume from 0.0022 cc/g to 0.012 cc/g and pore diameter from 75.33 Å to 115.2 Å. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results are consistent with the surface area measurement results using the Surface Area Analyzer (SAA). The resulting spray-dried mannitol powder with a high specific surface area allows it to be used as an excipient in solid formulations of oral preparations.

DPPH Scavenging Activity, Reducing Power, and Metal Chelating Capacity of Compound 1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-pyridine-2-yl-propenone

Navista Sri Octa Ujiantari, Andy Eko Wibowo, Ratna Asmah Susidarti — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 13:04:13 +0700

Background: The excessive free radicals in the body could stimulate oxidative stress which has been implicated in several diseases such as cancer, inflammation, aging, and cardiovascular diseases. The presence of antioxidants can diminish the reactivity of free radicals. The antioxidant defense system in the body may be insufficient thus intake of dietary antioxidants is recommended. Natural flavonoid such as chalcone has been known to exert several biological activities, especially antioxidant activity. Compound 1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-pyridine-2-yl-propenone was successfully synthesized using microwave radiation and several studies reported its biological activities such as antiinflammation, anticancer, and antibacterial activities. Those activities are thought to be related to antioxidant mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate its antioxidant activity. Methods: The antioxidant activities were performed with three different methods: DPPH scavenging activity, ferric reducing power, and metal chelating capacity. Results: 1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-pyridine-2-yl-propenone showed DPPH scavenging activity, ferric reducing power, and metal chelating capacity with IC_50S values of 4,471 ± 0,052 μg/mL; 156.56 ± 4.42μg/mL; and 6,273 ± 0,025 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: Our results found that 1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-pyridine-2-yl-propenone had quite potent antioxidant activity.