Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Formulation and Evaluation of Ketoconazole Nano-suspension

2024-05-02T10:28:32+07:00

The use of antifungals that are widely used by the public is ketoconazole. Ketoconazole is included in the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) II category, where the drug is poorly soluble in water but has high permeability. In this study, ketoconazole was prepared in a nanosuspension formulato increase solubility. The method for preparing 2% ketoconazole nanosuspension used a sonicator bath with variations of tween 80 (F1 8%, F2 10%, F3 12%) and transcutol as surfactant and co-surfactant. The results showed that the particle size of the ketoconazole nanosuspension F1 was 102 ± 4.3 nm, F2 was 105 ± 3.2 nm, and F3 was 90 ± 2.4 nm on day 0. Testing on day 28 showed an increase in particle size in F1 115 ± 3.1 nm, F2 129±4.5nm, F3 97±2.4nm (p>0.05). In testing the morphology of the nanosuspension using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), The results showed that the irregular spheres were scattered. Organoleptic testing showed clear and homogeneous preparations. pH testing for 28 days showed a pH range of 5.6-6 which is included in the physiological skin pH range (p>0.50). Nanosuspension preparations can be said to meet the physical evaluation requirements.

The Employment of ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Authentication of Bawal (Colossoma macromopum) Fish Oil from Palm Oil

2024-05-02T10:28:28+07:00

Fish is a product with high nutritional content, and the development of fish oil has made it easier for consumers to consume. High-quality fish oil can be a target for adulteration, such as with vegetable oils like palm oil. FTIR spectroscopy was developed for the authentication of bawal fish oil (BFO) from palm oil (PO). Bawal fish oil and palm oil were prepared in binary mixtures with concentrations from 0-100%, resulting in 21 mixtures. The oil was directly measured by attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectral measurement in the mid-infrared region (4000-600 cm^-1). The results were combined with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and multivariate calibration, such as PLSR or PCR. The results showed that LDA could make clear discrimination between bawal fish oil, palm oil, and their mixtures without any misclassification observed. Multivariate calibration with PLSR using the first derivative spectrum provided the best model for the relationship between actual and predicted FTIR values. At this conditions, the R2 values for the calibration and validation models obtained were 0.9966 and 0.9969, with RMSEC and RMSEP values of 0.0249 and 0.0248, respectively. Therefore, FTIR spectroscopy combined with LDA and PLSR is an effective method for authenticating bawal fish oil from palm oil.

Formulation of Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (wight) walp) Leaves Ethanolic Extract Matrix Patch and Its Evaluation

2024-05-02T10:28:24+07:00

The total flavonoid content in salam leaves has an anti-inflammatory activity at a dose of 2.1% w/w. For topical anti-inflammatory, a matrix patch has a delivery mechanism that drugs pass through in the skin in a controlled for an extended period. Polymers were the patch's main component to control the drug release. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and alpha-cellulose (AC) were polymers that can increase the rate of drug diffusion and form a strong film layer. Salam leaves were extracted by maceration using ethanol 96%. Matrix patches were made with a combination of PVA and AC in ratios 1:1; 3:1; 1:3. The patches were tested for physicochemical properties. The stability test was conducted at 4, 25, and 40 temperatures for 8 h, respectively. Statistical analysis of the test data used One Way ANOVA with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the high concentration of PVA significantly affected the weight and moisture content but did not affect the organoleptic thickness, folding endurance, and pH of the matrix patch. The best matrix patch of salam leaves ethanolic extract was PVA and AC of 3:1 because it met the requirements for the matrix patch, including the weight of 1.96-2.06 grams, thickness of 1.15-1.18 mm, folding endurance >300 times, humidity 25.75 – 30.17% and pH 6.3 – 7.1. The patch contains flavonoids with Rf values for extract and patch of 0.95 and 0.96, respectively. Further study, in vivo anti-inflammatory test is necessary.

Formaldehyde Content in Indonesian Food and the Analysis Method: A Review

2024-05-02T10:28:20+07:00

Apart from being rich in culture, Indonesia is also rich in food culture. However, in some cases, there are illegal additions of formalin (37% formaldehyde) to food to extend shelf life. If humans consume food containing formaldehyde, it will have a harmful impact. Formaldehyde has the potential to cause cancer. In recent years, formaldehyde has still been found in several Indonesian foods. There are several analytical methods developed to detect formaldehyde levels in food. This review overview of the formaldehyde effect to human health, formaldehyde content in fish and Indonesian food, and the detection methods.

Study of Chemical Composition and Evaluation of Anti-hypertensive Effect of A Fixed Oil Extracted from Linum usitatissimum grains

2024-05-02T10:28:17+07:00

Globally grown flax seed is regarded as an oilseed with numerous medicinal and health are the outcomes of the physico-chemical analyses: pH value: 0.476; saponification index: 168.3; KOH/g: 28.05; peroxide index: 174; density: 0.951; refractive index: 1.482 at 18.1°C and 1.485 at 18.2°C; peroxide index: 1.70 at 0.96, 1.70 mg/100; all are related to the peroxide index. In this study we tried to test the ” anti-hypertension “ activity of this oil by simulating a blood cycle in the laboratory which allowed us to determine the variation in blood pressure as a function of the volume of oil injected into the blood cycle from 17.4 to 14.10. benefits such as: lowering blood pressure, blood sugar, decreasing the risk of neurological and obesity-related illnesses. The objective of this study is to extract the linseed oil and to characterize it chemically and physically; by pressing the seeds into two different temperatures : 67°C and 90°Coil yields ; 24% and 29% were obtained from linseed. The followings

Enhancing Anticancer Potential: Investigating the Synergistic Impact of Doxorubicin and Curcumin on HeLa and Vero Cells in Vitro

2024-05-02T10:28:13+07:00

(1) Background: Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer globally and in Asia, standing as the second most common in Indonesia. Despite its efficacy, doxorubicin chemotherapy is associated with significant side effects. To mitigate these adverse effects, a promising approach involves combining conventional drugs with curcumin. Both curcumin and doxorubicin have demonstrated cytotoxic effects against cervical cancer (HeLa). This research aims to determine the synergistic effect of the combination of doxorubicin and curcumin on HeLa and safety in normal cells (Vero cells). (2) Methods: This study adopted an experimental design utilizing doxorubicin and curcumin samples with HeLa and Vero cells. The investigation was initiated with cytotoxic and combination tests using the MTT method. The obtained results included IC₅₀ values and combination indices, and the analysis involved a comparative examination of outcomes between HeLa and Vero cells. (3) Results: Cytotoxic tests revealed IC₅₀ values for doxorubicin and curcumin on HeLa cells, measured in 2,17 ± 0,06 and 26,37 ± 2,00 µg/mL, and 17,32 ± 1,99 and 181,88 ± 30,48 µg/mL on Vero cells. Combination test results were represented by combination index .(4) Conclusions: The synergistic effect is observed at the combination of curcumin at a concentration of 9 μg/mL and doxorubicin at a concentration of 0,125 μg/mL, resulting in a combination index of 0,50. These findings suggest a promising avenue for enhancing the therapeutic potential of doxorubicin in cervical cancer treatment while minimizing adverse effects.

Formulation and Determination of Tannin and Flavonoid Levels of Anti-Acne Gel Formulation from Red Betel Leaf Extract (Piper crocatum)

2024-05-20T19:38:21+07:00

Acne is a common skin condition that often occurs among teenagers and adults aged 18-23 years. Acne can be triggered by several factors, genetic, psychological, weather, stress, cosmetics, and bacterial infections. In addressing the problem of acne, a good dosage form to use is a gel preparation. Acne skin care by utilizing natural ingredients, one of which is red betel leaf. Red betel leaf contains phytochemical compounds, namely tannins and flavonoids, which function as antibacterial agents. The formulation of anti-acne gel is designed by varying the concentration extract, F0 (0%), F1 (10%), F2 (15%), and F3 (20%), with the aim of determining the best anti-acne gel formulation. Red betel leaf extract is tested for tannin and flavonoid levels using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometer test method. The gel preparation is examined, including organoleptic testing, pH testing, homogeneity testing, and spreading testing. The research results show that red betel leaf extract has a tannin content of 4.7056% and a flavonoid content of 0.0934%. The results of the anti-acne gel preparation study meet the requirements for organoleptic properties, pH, homogeneity, and spreading. Based on the results of various concentrations of extract, satisfactory results are obtained, with formulations F2 and F3 meeting the requirements.Acne; Gel; Extract; Piper crocatum

Kaempferia galanga (L.): An Updated Overview of In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Properties

2024-05-02T10:28:06+07:00

Kaempferia galanga L. (K. galanga) locally called aromatic ginger or “kencur" in Bahasa is traditionally for the treatment of various diseases related to antioxidants such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunomodulator. This paper aims to provide a critical review of the current antioxidant activity of K. galanga using in vitro and in vivo assays. The information and data of K. galanga were collected from various resources such as Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The results showed that K. galanga plays a role in defense systems against oxidative stress. Several in vitro assays have been used to measure the antioxidant activity of K. galanga, namely,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reduction of antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS). Whereas, the parameter in vivo antioxidant assay of K galanga including lifespan, survival life, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and antioxidant enzyme activities: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Based on the findings, it can be indicated that K. galanga has powerful antioxidant activities and, therefore could have the potential as a natural antioxidant.