Women’s willingness to contribute to the cost of genetic testing for germline mutations linked to breast cancer: A systematic review
Keywords:
BRCA 1/2, breast cancer, screening, systematic review, willingness to pay
Abstract
Female breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, with high mortality rates and substantial economic burdens. Reducing these fiscal and mortal costs can be achieved through early detection. One means of early detection is preexisting awareness of an inherited vulnerability to BC. This can be achieved through genetic testing for germline mutations. Therefore, optimizing genetic test utilization is pivotal to reducing BC deaths and costs. However, these tests are either not covered or only partially covered by insurance in most countries. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate women’s willingness to pay (WTP) for this genetic testing and the associated factors through a systematic literature review. This systematic review was conducted according to the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The literature was drawn from four databases: EBSCOhost, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. For the analysis, WTP values were converted to their equivalent value in US$ in 2024 using the Bureau of Labor Statistics inflation calculator to compare studies from different countries and to determine the co-payment rate, the proportion of the genetic test cost covered by the WTP value. Ten studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria of primary findings on women’s WTP values for this type of genetic testing. Among these 10, the WTP values ranged from US$ 23.08 to 1,937.71, and only one study reported a co-payment rate greater than one, indicating higher WTP values than the test cost. The factors significantly correlated with WTP were sociodemographic, testing and family history, attitudes and beliefs, and perceived risk and worry. The dissemination of information about the benefits of the test and the implementation of a co-payment scheme can successfully increase WTP by making genetic testing for BC a higher priority for women. Future reviews should aim to improve the generalizability of findings.
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Published
2025-11-27
How to Cite
Putri, A. R. A., Kristina, S. A., & Trung, V. Q. (2025). Women’s willingness to contribute to the cost of genetic testing for germline mutations linked to breast cancer: A systematic review. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy. Retrieved from https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/IJP/article/view/19430
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Review Article
