BKM Public Health and Community Medicine

Response time and length of stay in obstetric emergency management: A study in public hospital of Central Kalimantan

Bella Rossana Dewi — 2025-04-30

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between response time and the length of stay (LOS) in obstetric emergency management at the public hospital of Central Kalimantan.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using 205 medical records of pregnant women treated for obstetric emergencies between July and September 2024. Data on three types of response time—initial emergency action, obstetrician consultation, and patient disposition—were analyzed using univariate and Pearson correlation tests to assess their association with the LOS in the emergency department.

Results: All patients received an initial emergency response within five minutes, indicating good early management. However, over 60% of patients experienced delays in obstetrician consultation. Most patients received timely disposition decisions, which showed the most decisive influence on patient LOS. Statistical analysis revealed a weak positive correlation between initial response time and LOS (r=0.33), a very weak negative correlation with obstetrician consultation time (r= -0.098), and a perfect positive correlation with disposition time (r=1.000). These results suggest that the speed of disposition decisions plays a critical role in determining how long patients remain in the emergency room.

Conclusion: Disposition efficiency plays the most pivotal role in determining LOS. Improving administrative processes, increasing human resources, and optimizing infrastructure are essential. These findings provide practical insights for strengthening emergency service protocols and can guide health policy interventions to enhance maternal care quality in referral hospitals across Indonesia.

Depression as a predominant factor for activities of daily living among elderly

Audrey Carissa Giovanny — 2025-04-30

Purpose: This study aims to provide an overview of the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) in the elderly population and to identify associated factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 community-dwelling participants aged 60 and older in West Jakarta. Sociodemographic data, the Barthel Index, the Berg Balance Scale, the Fried Frailty Index, and the Geriatric Depression Scale were collected by interview. Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression analyses were used for the bivariate and multivariate analyses.

Results: The majority of participants were women (71%), aged 60-74 years (75%), with education levels of 12 years or more (90%). Fifteen percent of elderly participants experienced problems with ADL. Chi-square analysis showed significant associations between ADL impairment with age (p=0.006; OR=4.57; 95%CI: 1.454-14.368), balance (p=0.023; OR=10.38; 95%CI: 1.567-68.595), and depression (p=0.006; OR=5.00; 95%CI: 1.468-17.033). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified depression as the most dominant risk factor affecting ADL, increasing the risk by 4.02 times.

Conclusion: This study highlights age, body balance, and depression as potential contributors to ADL impairment, with depression emerging as the predominant risk factor. Both physical and mental health should be considered essential for preserving ADL function in the elderly.

Maternal behavior in providing sweet foods and beverages to toddlers: A case study in Jembrana, Bali

Ni Made Putri Kusuma Dewi — 2025-04-30

Purpose: This study aims to explore maternal behavior in providing sweet foods and beverages to toddlers in Jembrana, Bali.

Method: A qualitative case study design was employed, guided by the Health Belief Model to structure data collection and analysis. Twenty participants, including mothers of toddlers and health workers, were selected using purposive sampling from two primary health centers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using qualitative content analysis supported by NVivo 12 Plus.

Results: Maternal behavior varied in the frequency and types of sweet food and beverage provision, often influenced by perceptions of susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, and barriers. Some mothers showed low perceived susceptibility, believing their children were not at risk, while others recognized the negative health impacts. Perceived benefits included preventing illness and controlling eating habits, while barriers included limited supervision and environmental influences. Family communication, social media, and personal experiences shaped cues to action.

Conclusion: Maternal behavior in feeding toddlers sweet foods and beverages is shaped by a combination of personal perceptions, family dynamics, and environmental context. Efforts to promote healthier feeding practices should address these multifaceted influences through community-based education and supportive family engagement.

Perceptions and attitudes of teachers on visual impairment among elementary school students in Yogyakarta: A phenomenological study

Rizki Hafidzah Baswedan — 2025-04-30

Purpose: This study explored teachers' perceptions and attitudes toward visual impairments among elementary school students.

Methods: A phenomenological approach was used in four elementary schools in Ngemplak, Yogyakarta. Twelve teachers were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed manually using the Clarke and Braun thematic analysis method.

Results: Teachers’ perceptions of visual impairment were primarily shaped by personal experiences and access to information, especially from the internet. Informants demonstrated knowledge about the causes, risk factors, and impacts of visual impairments, emphasizing gadget use and nutritional factors. Teachers commonly recognized signs of visual difficulty among students and implemented informal strategies such as seating adjustments and parent engagement. Most informants exhibited a positive attitude, expressing a willingness to collaborate with health services and emphasizing the need for regular vision screening and educational programs in schools.

Conclusion: Elementary school teachers understand visual impairments well and approach students with visual difficulties positively. Enhancing teachers’ role in early detection and collaboration with healthcare services may improve school-based eye health programs.

Effectiveness of the Gladdy Moddy intervention in enhancing parental readiness and maternal-fetal attachment

Rufidah Maulina — 2025-04-30

Purpose: This study aims to assess the impact of Gladdy Moddy (Glad Mom and Daddy), an intervention comprising education, a gratitude journal, and a support group, on maternal-fetal attachment and parental readiness.

Methods: This research was conducted from June to July 2024 in the villages of Trengguli and Sidomukti, under the jurisdiction of the Jenawi Health Center in Karanganyar. A pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test was employed. A total of 23 couples were recruited using purposive sampling.

Results: Initial scores for mother-fetus bonding, measured using the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI), were 59.2, while scores for parental readiness, measured by the Maturity to Parenthood Scale (MPS), were 140.7. Post-test results indicated a significant increase, with PAI scores rising to 64.5 and MPS scores to 149.4. Bivariate analysis using a paired t-test revealed significance levels of 0.028 (p < 0.05) for PAI and 0.020 (p < 0.05) for MPS.

Conclusion: The Gladdy Moddy intervention had a significant positive impact on prenatal attachment and parental readiness among mothers. This approach can be effectively used to prepare couples for parenthood and enhance the bond between mother and fetus.