Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat

Educational interventions for diabetes prevention knowledge and behavior in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mariana Ulfa — 2026-06-30

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated educational interventions for improving type 2 diabetes prevention knowledge and preventive behaviors among children.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, SAGE Journals, Scopus, ProQuest, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible studies were RCTs, cluster RCTs, and quasi-experimental studies evaluating diabetes prevention education among children aged approximately 6–18 years without diabetes and reporting knowledge or preventive behavior outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 and ROBINS-I. Random-effects meta-analyses calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: Thirteen studies were included; six were eligible for knowledge meta-analysis and four for preventive behavior meta-analysis, while the remaining studies were summarized narratively. Pooled analyses suggested that educational interventions were associated with improvements in diabetes prevention knowledge (SMD = 1.597; 95% CI: 0.796–2.398; p < 0.001) and preventive behaviors (SMD = 0.625; 95% CI: 0.162–1.089; p = 0.008). Interventions with more than four sessions and cluster RCTs appeared to show stronger effects. Substantial heterogeneity was observed, likely reflecting differences in study design, intervention duration, delivery methods, and outcome measures.

Conclusion: Educational interventions appear to be associated with improved knowledge of type 2 diabetes prevention and may support preventive behaviors among children, but findings should be interpreted with caution given heterogeneity and methodological limitations. Multi-session school-based interventions, particularly those with more than four sessions, may be more promising. More rigorous studies with longer follow-up are needed.

Sleep quality and social media use: implications for stress and depression among medical students

Hesti Yuningrum — 2026-06-30

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and social media use on stress and depression levels in medical students.

Methods: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study. This study was conducted at FK Unila from June to October 2025. The population in this study was all medical students at FK Unila from the 2022, 2023, and 2024 cohorts, totaling 624 students. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire to assess sleep quality, the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) to measure social media use, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) to assess stress and depression levels. Data analysis using linear regression.

Results: Social media use is a factor that is consistently associated with stress (β = 0.061; p < 0.001). Gender is a significant factor after adjusting for other variables (β = 1.268; p < 0.001), whereas sleep quality is not significantly associated with the outcome (β = 0.078; p = 0.235). Stress is the primary determinant of depression (β = 0.580; p < 0.001), and gender remains a significant covariate after adjustment (β = −0.504; p = 0.042), whereas social media use (β = −0.012; p = 0.181) and sleep quality (β = 0.041; p = 0.381) remained not significantly related to depression both before and after adjusting for confounding variables.

Conclusion: Social media use is associated with stress levels among medical students, whereas sleep quality is not. In addition, sleep quality and social media use do not show a significant relationship with depression among medical students.

Attempts to quit smoking among Indonesian male smokers: findings from the 2011 and 2021 global adult tobacco survey (GATS)

Nohan Arum Romadlona — 2026-06-30

Purpose: This study examines attempts to quit smoking patterns among Indonesian males using 2011 and 2021 GATS data to identify influencing factors.

Methods: The study conducted a secondary analysis on male respondents aged 15 years and older with a history of smoking, consisting of current smokers and former smokers, utilizing a weighted sample. The outcome variable was attempts to quit smoking among male ever smokers. Independent variables involved sociodemographic characteristics, awareness of health consequences, and exposure to information about the dangers of smoking through various media.

Results: The prevalence of attempts to quit smoking among Indonesian males increased from 29.8% in 2011 to 43.6% in 2021. In 2011, quit attempts were significantly associated with urban residence (aOR 1.46; 95% CI: 1.02–2.10), health awareness (aOR 2.26; 95% CI: 1.63–3.13), exposure to anti-smoking information from radio (aOR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.13–1.86), and television (aOR 1.47; 95% CI: 1.04–2.09). In 2021, significant factors included urban residence (aOR 1.27; 95% CI: 1.02–1.59), health awareness (aOR 1.76; 95% CI: 1.40–2.20), unemployment (aOR 1.61; 95% CI: 1.25–2.07), exposure to anti-smoking information from billboards (aOR 1.35; 95% CI: 1.09–1.68), and the internet (aOR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.31–1.99). These findings highlight the role of place of residence, awareness of health, and exposure to information about the dangers of smoking through various media in attempts to quit smoking.

Conclusion: Public health initiatives should enhance awareness campaigns, target rural and lower-educated populations, strengthen tobacco control policies, adopt media strategies, and increase encouragement of health awareness to quit smoking across different demographic groups.

Levels and mechanisms of insecticide resistance in Southeast Asian Aedes aegypti: a scoping review

Indri Erisa — 2026-06-30

Purpose: To map published evidence on phenotypic insecticide resistance and resistance mechanisms in Aedes aegypti across Southeast Asia.

Methods: This scoping review followed the JBI methodology and PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest were searched on September 11, 2025, for English-language primary studies published from January 1, 2015, to September 11, 2025. We included studies from Southeast Asian countries that used field or semi-field Aedes aegypti populations and reported WHO tube test or CDC bottle bioassay results, resistance mechanisms, or both.

Results: We identified 416 records, removed 84 duplicates, screened 332 titles and abstracts, assessed 56 full texts, and included 26 studies from eight countries. Indonesia contributed 12 studies, and Malaysia, 6. Of the 20 studies that conducted WHO or CDC bioassays, all reported resistance to at least one insecticide, with outcomes varying by insecticide and site. Pyrethroids were the most frequently assessed class and the most commonly reported as resistant. Mechanisms were reported in 23 studies, most often VGSC kdr mutations V1016G (73.9%), F1534C (47.8%), and S989P (34.7%). Metabolic mechanisms were also reported, including elevated esterases (26.1%), oxidases or mixed-function oxidases (17.3%), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (13%), and glutathione S-transferases (13%). No included studies reported cuticular or behavioral resistance.

Conclusion: Insecticide resistance in Southeast Asian Aedes aegypti is widespread but heterogeneous, reflecting both target-site and metabolic mechanisms. Standardized, routine surveillance that links bioassays with mechanism testing is needed to guide insecticide choice, rotation, and integrated vector management.