BKM Public Health and Community Medicine

Epidemiological features and climatological effects on future malaria control in Indonesia

2025-11-30T08:57:05+07:00

Purpose: Malaria is a leading cause of death worldwide, including in Indonesia. Climate change should be considered when addressing malaria control in Indonesia. This study examined the relationship between climatological parameters (temperature, wind speed, humidity, and rainfall) and malaria cases in Indonesia from 2006 to 2015.

Methods: Data on climatological parameters were obtained from Indonesia's 2022 statistics, while malaria case data were taken from the annual report of Indonesia's Ministry of Health. Results were presented using maps, diagrams, and graphs. The associations between climatological parameters and malaria cases were analyzed annually using GraphPad Prism 9 software.

Results: Between 2006 and 2015, the API fluctuated each year. Papua province had the highest malaria incidence in Indonesia (25.5%). A significant decline in malaria cases was observed outside Papua province, whereas cases in Papua tended to increase annually. During this period, annual temperature ranged from 23.39°C to 28.44°C, wind speed from 1.01 m/s to 17.54 m/s, relative humidity from 70.85% to 85.84%, and rainfall from 99.74 to 3,838.2 mm3.

Conclusion: From 2006 to 2015, annual temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity showed weak positive correlations with the API, whereas annual wind speed showed a negative correlation.

Effectiveness of netboard-based learning management system (LMS) nutrition education on nutritional intake of pregnant women

2025-11-30T08:54:26+07:00

Purpose: Analyzing the effect of nutrition education through a Netboard-based Learning Management System (LMS) on the nutritional intake of pregnant women in the working area of the Kota Tengah Community Health Center, Gorontalo Province.

Methods: This study employed a quasi‑experimental design with pre‑test and post‑test measures. This study was conducted with two groups: an experimental group that received nutrition education through a Netboard-based LMS, and a control group that received education through conventional methods. The sample consisted of 40 second‑trimester pregnant women in the catchment area of the Kota Tengah Community Health Center, assigned to the experimental group (n=20) and the control group (n=20). Data were collected using a 3 × 24‑hour food recall form that covered indicators of macronutrient and micronutrient intake, as well as dietary patterns. The data were analyzed using an Independent Samples t‑test.

Results: The results showed that Netboard‑based LMS nutrition education had a significant effect on pregnant women's dietary intake. The analysis yielded a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05), with the experimental group demonstrating higher mean scores than the control group.

Conclusion: Netboard-based LMS nutrition education effectively enhances the nutritional intake of pregnant women. Notably, 95% of participants in the experimental group achieved a 'good' intake classification post-intervention, compared to only 5% in the control group. This suggests that the digital platform is a promising tool for nutrition education in maternal health settings.

Integrating the role of community and mobile health in preventing risk factors for cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2025-11-30T15:42:10+07:00

Purpose: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the primary cause of global morbidity and mortality, predominantly attributable to modifiable risk factors such as unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and so on. While behavioral interventions are critical, the effective implementation of prevention strategies is often hindered by resource limitations. The integration of community-based strategies with mobile health (mHealth) technologies presents a promising approach for scalable, personalized risk mitigation. This review evaluates the efficacy of community-integrated mHealth inter- ventions in reducing CVD risk factors.

Methods: We searched multiple databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published over the last 10 years. Fourteen RCTs (n = 9,862 participants) met inclusion criteria, with interventions combining mHealth tools and community components. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool, and meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.4.

Results: mHealth and community have demonstrated considerable efficacy in diminishing various cardiovascular risk factors. The primary mechanisms include enhanced adherence to a healthy lifestyle, continuous monitoring, and improved access to health-related information. The results of the meta-analysis are directly proportional to the findings, which significantly reduce the risk factors for heart disease: healthy dietary patterns (p < 0.0001), physical activity (p = 0.04), BMI (p = 0.002), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.002), and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.02). However, total cholesterol and fasting blood sugar did not have significant results, namely (p=0.23) and (p=0.77).

Conclusion: Community-integrated mHealth is an effective strategy for addressing CVD risk factors.