Profile of Amino Acids Production from Microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. Biomass using Subcritical Water Technology

  • Nur Hidayah Binti Zainan School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor
  • Razif Harun Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
  • Siti Mazlina Mustapa Kamal Department of Process and Food Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
  • Shamsul Izhar Siajam Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
  • Mohd Azan Mohammed Sapardi Department of Mechanical, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Kuala Lumpur
  • Yanti Maslina Mohd Jusoh School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor
Keywords: amino acids, biomass loading, microalgae, subcritical water, temperature, time

Abstract

The amino acids from microalgae could be used as a substitute for food and feed supplements in the future. This study investigates the production of amino acids from microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. biomass using subcritical water technology approaches. The yield and composition of amino acids produced from subcritical water of microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. were evaluated at different temperatures (160-350 °C), time (3-30 min), and biomass loadings (1- 15% w/v). Overall results showed that the highest yield of total amino acids (1531.98 mg/100 g algae) was obtained at subcritical water operating conditions of 280 °C, 15 min reaction time, and 1% biomass loading. The studied operating conditions produced a higher yield of non-essential amino acids compared to essential amino acids. The study demonstrated that each of the individual amino acids investigated produced the highest at different ranges of subcritical water conditions. Thus, the obtained profile of the individual amino acid showed that careful management of operating parameters (temperature, time, and biomass loading) is crucial for identifying the amino acids of interest via subcritical water technology.

References

Abdelmoez, W., & Yoshida, H. (2013). Production of amino and organic acids from protein using sub-critical water technology. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 11(1), 1-16.

Abdelmoez, W., Yoshida, H., & Nakahasi, T. (2010). Pathways of amino acid transformation and decomposition in saturated subcritical water conditions. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 8(1), 1-19.

Awaluddin, S. A., Thiruvenkadam, S., Izhar, S., Hiroyuki, Y., Danquah, M. K., & Harun, R. (2016). Subcritical water technology for enhanced extraction of biochemical compounds from Chlorella vulgaris. BioMed Research International, 2016, 1-10, Article 5816974.

Brown, M. R. (1991). The amino-acid and sugar composition of 16 species of microalgae used in mariculture. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 145(1), 79-99.

Chen, J., Ding, S., Ji, Y., Ding, J., Yang, X., Zou, M., & Li, Z. (2015). Microwave-enhanced hydrolysis of poultry feather to produce amino acid. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 87, 104-109.

D'Este, M., Alvarado-Morales, M., & Angelidaki, I. (2018). Amino acids production focusing on fermentation technologies – A review. Biotechnology Advances, 36(1), 14-25.

D Espinoza, A., Morawicki, R., & Hager, T. (2011). Hydrolysis of Whey Protein Isolate Using Subcritical Water. J. Food Sci., 77, C20-26.

Esteban, M. B., García, A. J., Ramos, P., & Márquez, M. C. (2008). Kinetics of amino acid production from hog hair by hydrolysis in sub-critical water. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 46(2), 137-141.

Ge, J., Song, Q., Jia, Y., & Yang, W. (2019). Reaction: A New Option for Producing Amino Acids from Renewable Biomass? Chem, 5(4), 742-743.

Ho, B. C. H., Kamal, S. M. M., Danquah, M. K., & Harun, R. (2018). Optimization of Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) of Lipid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) fromNannochloropsis gaditana. BioMed Research International, 2018, 8273581.

Kang, K.-Y., & Chun, B.-S. (2004a). Behavior of amino acid production from hydrothermal treatment of fish-derived wastes. Korean J. Chem. Eng., 21, 1147-1152.

Kang, K.-y., & Chun, B.-S. (2004b). Behavior of Hydrothermal Decomposition of Silk Fibroin to Amino Acids in Near-Critical Water. Korean J. Chem. Eng, 21(3), 654-659.

Kang, K.-y., Quitain, A. T., Daimon, H., Noda, R., Goto, N., Hu, H.-Y., & Fujie, K. (2001). Optimization of amino acids production from waste fish entrails by hydrolysis in sub and supercritical water. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 79(1), 65-70.

Mæhre, H. K., Dalheim, L., Edvinsen, G. K., Elvevoll, E. O., & Jensen, I.-J. (2018). Protein Determination-Method Matters. Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 7(1), 5.

Marcet, I., Álvarez, C., Paredes, B., & Díaz, M. (2016). The use of sub-critical water hydrolysis for the recovery of peptides and free amino acids from food processing wastes. Review of sources and main parameters. Waste Management, 49, 364-371.

Moore, S., & Stein, W. H. (1963). Chromatographic determination of amino acids by the use of automatic recording equipment. In Methods in Enzymology (Vol. 6, pp. 819-831). Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(63)06257-1

Quitain, A. T., Sato, N., Daimon, H., & Fujie, K. (2001). Production of valuable materials by hydrothermal treatment of shrimp shells. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 40(25), 5885-5888.

Safi, C., Ursu, A. V., Laroche, C., Zebib, B., Merah, O., Pontalier, P.-Y., & Vaca-Garcia, C. (2014). Aqueous extraction of proteins from microalgae: Effect of different cell disruption methods. Algal Research, 3, 61-65.

Sari, Y. W. (2015). Biomass and its potential for protein and amino acids; valorizing agricultural by-products [Dissertation, Wageningen University].

Sereewatthanawut, I., Prapintip, S., Watchiraruji, K., Goto, M., Sasaki, M., & Shotipruk, A. (2008). Extraction of protein and amino acids from deoiled rice bran by subcritical water hydrolysis. Bioresource Technology, 99(3), 555-561.

Yoshida, H., & Tavakoli, O. (2004). Sub-critical water hydrolysis treatment for waste squid entrails and production of amino acids, organic acids, and fatty acids. Journal of chemical engineering of Japan, 37(2), 253-260.

Yoshida, H., Terashima, M., & Takahashi, Y. (1999). Production of organic acids and amino acids from fish meat by sub‐critical water hydrolysis. Biotechnology progress, 15(6), 1090-1094.

Zainan, N. H., Sapardi, M. A. M., Ho, B. C. H., Siajam, S. I., Kamal, S. M. M., Danquah, M. K., & Harun, R. (2019a). Kinetic and thermodynamic characterization of amino acids generation via subcritical water reaction of microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. biomass. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 1-14.

Zainan, N. H., Selvakumar, T., Danquah, M. K., & Harun, R. (2019b). Biochemical analysis and potential applications of aqueous and solid products generated from subcritical water extraction of microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa biomass. Journal of Applied Phycology, 32, 111-126.

Zhu, G., Zhu, X., Fan, Q., & Wan, X. (2011a). Kinetics of amino acid production from bean dregs by hydrolysis in sub-critical water [journal article]. Amino Acids, 40(4), 1107-1113.

Zhu, G., Zhu, X., Fan, Q., & Wan, X. (2011b). Recovery of biomass wastes by hydrolysis in sub-critical water. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 55(4), 409-416.

Published
2022-06-30
How to Cite
Binti Zainan, N. H., Harun, R., Kamal, S. M. M., Siajam, S. I., Sapardi, M. A. M., & Mohd Jusoh, Y. M. (2022). Profile of Amino Acids Production from Microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. Biomass using Subcritical Water Technology. ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering, 22(1), 178-195. Retrieved from https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/9236
Section
Articles