Methanolysis of Jatropha Oil Using Conventional Heating

Susan A Roces; Raymond  Tan; Francisco Jose T De Cruz; Shuren C Gong; Rison K Veracruz

Susan A Roces Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave., Malate, Manila 1004 Philippines
Raymond Tan Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave., Malate, Manila 1004 Philippines
Francisco Jose T De Cruz Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave., Malate, Manila 1004 Philippines
Shuren C Gong Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave., Malate, Manila 1004 Philippines
Rison K Veracruz Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave., Malate, Manila 1004 Philippines

Keywords: Jatropha curcas L, Methanolysis, Free Fatty Acid, Fatty Acid Methyl Ester, Biodiesel

Abstract

Studies were carried out on the transesterification, also called methanolysis, of oil from the Jatropha curcas L. with methanol using conventional heating for the production of biodiesel. All reactions were carried out in a batch-stirred reactor and in the subsequent separation and purification stages. The high free-fatty acid (FFA) level of Jatropha oil was reduced to less than 1% by a two-step process. The first step was carried out with 12% w/w methanol-to-oil ratio in the presence of 1% w/w HCl as acid catalyst in a 2h reaction at 343K. The second step was carried out with variable parameters: temperatures at 318K and 333K, initial catalyst concentrations at 0.5% and 1.5%, methanol:oil molar ratios at 4:1 and 6:1, and reaction times at 1h and 2h. Gas chromatography analysis was used to determine the fatty acid profile of crude Jatropha oil. Methanolysis of Jatropha oil used the catalysts NaOH and KOH. The high FFA level of Jatropha oil was reduced from 6.1% to 0.7% after the first step process. The highest yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), however, was achieved at 92.7% in 2h at 4:1 methanol:oil molar ratio, 1.5% w/w KOH, and 333K reaction temperature. This method produced biodiesel that met ASTM’s biodiesel standards. Results showed a density of 0.8g/ml that is within 0.86–0.9kg/l standard range and a kinematic viscosity of about 4.1cSt that is within 2–4.5cSt standard range. The flash point of the biodiesel samples fell between 169oC and 179oC while the cloud point averaged at 6^oC.

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