Investigation of Drying Behavior of Glutinous Rice (Oryza Sativa Var. Glutinosa) in a Fixed-Bed Dryer
Abstract
Small-scale glutinous rice processing facilities often rely on manual drying methods, with drying conditions typically determined by experience. Establishing an accurate drying profile of glutinous rice allows for optimal selection of drying conditions. This contribution investigated glutinous rice drying behaviors in fixed bed dryers at temperatures 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C. The Page model was determined to be the best-fit thin layer model for describing glutinous rice drying with R2 of 0.953 (50°C). Experimentally determined drying information was fed into the Aspen Plus V14 simulator to produce a digital version of glutinous rice drying process. A combined constant and falling rate mass transfer coefficient specified in the process simulator produced a simulation output close to that of the Page model with an R2 of 0.9843. Modeling and digitalization of glutinous rice drying in this work are instrumental to accurately predict the drying performance of glutinous rice or other food grains.
References
Abdullah, N., Nawawi, A., and Othman, I., 2000. "Fungal spoilage of starch-based foods in relation to its water activity (aw)." J. Stored Prod. Res. 36, 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(99)00026-0
Abe, T., and Afzal, T. M., 1997. "Thin-layer infrared radiation drying of rough rice." J. Agric. Eng. Res. 67, 289-297. https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1997.0170
Anuththara, J. G. M., Edirisinghe, E. A. V. U., Amarasinghe, B. M. W. P. K., and Jayatunga, G. K., 2019. "Kinetics and mathematical modeling of drying of parboiled paddy in a packed bed dryer." 2019 Moratuwa Eng. Res. Conf. https://doi.org/10.1109/MERCon.2019.8818766
Baktash, F. Y., and Alkazaaliamp, H. A., 2016. "Effect of grain moisture of corn at harvesting on some agronomic traits." Iraqi J. Agric. Sci. 47. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v47i5.514
Benseddik, A., Azzi, A., Zidoune, M. N., and Allaf, K., 2018. "Mathematical empirical models of thin-layer airflow drying kinetics of pumpkin slice." Eng. Agric. Environ. Food. 11, 220-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eaef.2018.07.003
Coradi, P. C., Maldaner, V., Lutz, É., da Silva Daí, P. V., and Teodoro, P. E., 2020. "Influences of drying temperature and storage conditions for preserving the quality of maize postharvest on laboratory and field scales." Sci. Rep. 10, 22006.
Delgado, A. E., and Rubiolo, A. C., 2005. "Microstructural changes in strawberry after freezing and thawing processes." LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 38, 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2004.04.015
Dongbang, W., and Nuantong, W., 2018. "Drying kinetics of glutinous rice using an infrared irradiation technique." Eng. Appl. Sci. Res. 45, 127–131. https://doi.org/10.14456/easr.2018.15
Dongbang, W., and Pirompugd, W., 2015. "Experimental study on drying kinetics of anchovy using centrifugal fluidized bed technique." Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng. 8, 132-141. https://doi.org/10.3965/j.ijabe.20150805.1975
Golmohammadi, M., Assar, M., and Rajabi-Hamane, M., 2012. "Experimental and theoretical investigation of moisture dynamics in intermittent drying of rough rice." J. Chem. Pet. Eng. 46, 87-96. https://doi.org/10.22059/JCHPE.2012.2387
Hanisa, H., Nik Nurul Fatihah, M. N., and Noor Amy Edayu, M. J., 2022. "The effect of drying temperature on the physical and antioxidant qualities of MARDI Warna 98 rice." Food Res. 6, 58-63. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.6(S2).013
Iguaz, A., San Martín, M. B., Maté, J. I., Fernández, T., and Vírseda, P., 2003. "Modelling effective moisture difusivity of rough rice (Lido cultivar) at low drying temperatures." J. Food Eng. 59, 253-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00465-X
Jain, D., and Tiwari, G. N., 2004. "Effect of greenhouse on crop drying under natural and forced convection I: Evaluation of convective mass transfer coefficient." Energy Conv. Manag. 45, 765-783. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(03)00178-X
Larson, R. I., and Yerazunis, S., 1973. "Mass transfer in turbulent flow." Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 16, 121-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(73)90256-1
Li, J., Fraikin, L., Salmon, T., Plougonven, E., Toye, D., and Léonard, A., 2016. "Convective drying behavior of sawdust-sludge mixtures in a fixed bed." Drying Technol. 34, 395-402. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2015.1076835
Limpaiboon, K., and Wiriyaumpaiwong, S., 2011. "Drying kinetics of steamed glutinous rice with a free convective solar dryer." Walailak J. Sci. Technol. 6, 217-229. https://doi.org/10.2004/wjst.v6i2.61
Lu, R., Siebenmorgen, T. J., and Archer, T. R., 1994. "Absorption of water in long grain rice rough during soaking." J. Food Process Eng., 17, 141-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4530.1994.tb00332.x
Maldaner, V., Coradi, P. C., Nunes, M. T., Müller, A., Carneiro, L. O., Teodoro, P. E., Müller, E. I., 2021. "Effects of intermittent drying on physicochemical and morphological quality of rice and endosperm of milled brown rice." LWT 152, 112334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112334
Malekan, M., Khosravi, A., and El Haj Assad, M. (2021). Chapter 6 - Parabolic trough solar collectors. In M. E. H. Assad & M. A. Rosen (Eds.), Design and Performance Optimization of Renewable Energy Systems (pp. 85-100). Academic Press.
Rong, L., and Yuewu, H., 2018. "Heat and moisture transfer characteristics of multilayer walls." Energy Procedia 152, 324-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.09.142
Scariot, M. A., Karlinski, L., Dionello, R. G., Radünz, A. L., and Radünz, L. L., 2020. "Effect of drying air temperature and storage on industrial and chemical quality of rice grains." J. Stored Prod. Res. 89, 101717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2020.101717
Sokhansanj, S., 1987. "Improved Heat and Mass Transfer Models to Predict Grain Quality." Drying Technol. 5, 511-525. https://doi.org/10.3182/20080706-5-KR-1001.01622
Solomon, A. B., Fanta, S. W., Delele, M. A., and Vanierschot, M., 2021. "Modeling and simulation of heat and mass transfer in an Ethiopian fresh injera drying process." Heliyon 7, e06201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06201
Sun, D.-W., and Woods, J. L., 1993. "The moisture content/relative humidity equilibrium relationship of wheat - A review." Drying Technol. 11, 1523-1551. https://doi.org/10/1016/0022-474X(81)90004-7
Taveesuvun, C., Tirawanichakul, S., and Tirawanichakul, Y., 2022. "Equilibrium moisture content modeling and study of circulating-bed drying kinetics of non-fragrant and fragrant paddy varieties." Trends Sci. 19, 4950-4950. https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.4950
Xu, X., Zhao, T., Ma, J., Song, Q., Wei, Q., and Sun, W., 2022. "Application of two-stage variable temperature drying in hot air-drying of paddy rice." Foods 11, 888. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11060888
Zainal, N., and Shamsudin, R., 2021. "Physical properties of different cultivar local glutinous rice (susu and siding) and Commercial Thai Cultivar." Adv. Food Nutr. Res. 2, a0000178. https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000178
Zhao, Y., Chen, G., and Yuan, Q., 2007. "Liquid–liquid two-phase mass transfer in the T-junction microchannels." AIChE J. 53, 3042-3053. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.11333.
Copyright (c) 2025 ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright holder for articles is ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering. Articles published in ASEAN J. Chem. Eng. are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.
Authors agree to transfer all copyright rights in and to the above work to the ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Editorial Board so that the Editorial Board shall have the right to publish the work for non-profit use in any media or form. In return, authors retain: (1) all proprietary rights other than copyright; (2) re-use of all or part of the above paper in their other work; (3) right to reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the above paper for authors’ personal use or for company use if the source and the journal copyright notice is indicated, and if the reproduction is not made for the purpose of sale.
