Optimizing the density of ultrafine bubbles fluid by time and production volume in a closed-loop system

https://doi.org/10.22146/teknosains.100358

Arif Adtyas Budiman(1*), Jentik Meikayani(2), Devita Nitiamijaya(3), Veronica Indriati Sri Wardhani(4), Putut Hery Setiawan(5), Mulya Juarsa(6), Kukuh Prayogo(7), Ariq Hafizh Baiquny(8)

(1) Nuclear Reactor Thermal-Fluids System (NRTFSys) Research Group, Research Center for Nuclear Reactor Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN),
(2) Research Center for Nuclear Reactor Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)
(3) Research Center for Nuclear Reactor Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)
(4) Research Center for Nuclear Reactor Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)
(5) Research Center for Nuclear Reactor Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)
(6) Research Center for Nuclear Reactor Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)
(7) Research Center for Nuclear Reactor Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)
(8) Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Physics Department, Universitas Brawijaya
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) play a crucial role as catalysts in water treatment, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, and industrial processes, particularly those involving heat transfer mechanisms. Several researchers in Indonesia have explored ultrafine bubble fluids' potential as a heat transfer medium in passive cooling system models. In this context, changes in the density of ultrafine bubble fluids serve as the primary driver for flow. Since ultrafine bubbles increase in diameter when heated, examining an optimal production model is essential to ensure their availability in the flow. This study aims to optimize the production of ultrafine bubble fluids with the lowest possible density compared to the base fluid (reference). The research investigates the effect of production time and volume variations on ultrafine bubble density in a closed-loop system. Production times of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes are tested across tank volumes of 20, 40, 50, and 60 liters. The closed-loop production model utilizes hydrodynamic cavitation to maintain continuous fluid flow, with sample collection occurring at 15-minute intervals after the initial production time to allow for stable bubble size. Observations and statistical analysis using the Response Surface Method (RSM) reveal a nonlinear relationship between production time and ultrafine bubble fluid density. The optimal density is achieved with a production time of 60 minutes for a 40-liter volume. Additionally, this closed-loop model increases the temperature of the ultrafine bubble fluid to 54.3 °C in a 20-liter volume. Heat accumulation occurs due to the continuous pump-driven flow without additional cooling systems.


Keywords


Closed-loop production; Optimization; Ultrafine bubbles fluid density; Heat accumulation effect; Hydrodynamic cavitation

Full Text:

PDF


References

Antariksawan, A.R., Kusuma, M.H., Widodo, Surip., Giarno., Juarsa, M., Tjahjono, H. and Haryanto, D. (2019). Assessment of RELAP5 code model to simulate U-shaped heat pipe performance for heat sink. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1198(2). doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1198/2/022063.

Ashihara, M.A., Kitagawa, A., Ishikawa, M.A., Nakashinchi, A., Murai, Y. and Yamamoto, F. (2003). Particle tracking velocimetry measurement of bubble-bubble interaction. Proceedings of the ASME/JSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference, 2 C, pp. 2277–2284. doi: 10.1115/fedsm2003-45208.

Budiman, A.A., Wardana, A.N.I. (2024). Thermofluid Characteristics of Ultrafine Bubbles Produced Using a Sonication Method. Indonesian Journal of Nulear Science and Technology, 25(2), pp. 54–65. doi: https://doi.org/10.17146/jstni.2024.25.2.18.

Chen, W.H., Carrera Uribe, M., Kwon, Eilhann E., Lin, K.Y.A., Park, Y.K. and Ding, L. (2022). A comprehensive review of thermoelectric generation optimization by statistical approach: Taguchi method, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and response surface methodology (RSM). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 169(August), p. 112917. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112917.

Dhemla, P., Somani, P., Swami, B.L. and Gaur, A. (2022). Optimizing the design of sintered fly ash light weight concrete by Taguchi and ANOVA analysis. Materials Today: Proceedings, 62, pp. 495–503. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.573.

Ghazivini, M., Hafez, M., Ratanpara, A. and Kim, M. (2022). A review on correlations of bubble growth mechanisms and bubble dynamics parameters in nucleate boiling. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. Springer International Publishing. doi: 10.1007/s10973-021-10876-2.

Haryanto, D., Budiman, A.A., Putra, M.G., Setiawan, P.H. and Juarsa, M. (2024). Investigation of Heat Exchanger Performance in The Heating Tank Section of Loop FASSIP 03 NT. Jurnal Teknologi, 16(1), p. 41. doi: 10.24853/jurtek.16.1.41-52.

Juarsa, M., Giarno, Haryanto, D., Rosidi, A., K, G.B., Pamungkas, A.E., Budiman, A.A. (2024). Experimental on Transient Heating and Cooling of Natural Circulation Flow using A FASSIP-02 Large Scale Experimental Facility Experimental on Transient Heating and Cooling of Natural Circulation Flow using A FASSIP-02 Large Scale Experimental Facility. EVERGREEN, 11(2), pp. 1442–1449. doi: https://doi.org/10.5109/7183469.

Kamp, A.M., Chesters, A.K, Colin, C., and Fabre, J. (2001). Bubble coalescence in turbulent flows: A mechanistic model for turbulence-induced coalescene applied to microgravity bubbly pipe flow. International Journal of Multiphase Flow. doi: 10.1016/S0301-9322(01)00010-6.

Katemukda, N. (2023). An Alternative Statistical Approach for the DOE with the Attribute Response. Interdisciplinary Research Review, 19(3), pp. 13–19.

Kitagawa, A. and Murai, Y. (2013). Natural convection heat transfer from a vertical heated plate in water with microbubble injection. Chemical Engineering Science, 99, pp. 215–224. doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.05.027.

Li, C. and Zhang, H. (2022). A review of bulk nanobubbles and their roles in flotation of fine particles. Powder Technology, 395, pp. 618–633. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.10.004.

Li, M., Ma, X., Eisener, J., Pfeiffer, P., Ohl, C.D. and Sun, C. (2021). How Bulk Nanobubbles are Stable Over a Wide Range of Temperatures. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 596, pp. 184–198. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.064.

Montazer, E., Salami, E., Yarmand, H., Kazi, S.N. and Badarudin, A. (2017). The RSM approach to develop a new correlation for density of metal-oxide aqueous nanofluids. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 210(1). doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/210/1/012071.

Montgomery, D.C. (2013). Design and Analysis of Experiments. Eight edition. United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Roswandi, I., Dimas, Gunawan, H.A., Budiman, A.A., Amelia, A.C., Sanda, Tjahjono, H. and Juarsa, M. (2024). Investigation of Natural Circulatioin Flow Under Steady-State Condition Using a Rectangular Loop. Tri Dasa Mega, 26(2), pp. 77–86. doi: 10.55981/tdm.2024.7055.

Sitorus, T.B. and Abda, S. (2022). Effectiveness of Combined Ground Air Heat Exchanger System with Solar Collectors for Air Conditioning in Medan City (in Bahasa Indonesia). Teknosains, 11(2). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/teknosains.61271.

Susaimanickam, A., Manickam, P. and Joseph, A.A. (2023). A Comprehensive Review on RSM-Coupled Optimization Techniques and Its Applications. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 30(8), pp. 4831–4853. doi: 10.1007/s11831-023-09963-4.

Terasaka, K., Taguchi, K., Tetsuka, T. and Fujioka, S. (2022). Ultrafine bubble generation by rapid condensation of mixed vapor of non-condensable gas and steam. Chemical Engineering Science, 263, p. 118070. doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118070.

Tran, N.L.H., Lam, T.Q., Duong, P.V.Q., Doan, L.H., Vu, M.P. and Nguyen, K.H.P. (2024). Review on the Significant Interactions between Ultrafine Gas Bubbles and Biological Systems. Langmuir, 40(1), pp. 984–996. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03223.

Veza, I., Spraggon, M., Fattah, I.M.R., Idris, M. (2023). Response surface methodology (RSM) for optimizing engine performance and emissions fueled with biofuel: Review of RSM for sustainability energy transition. Results in Engineering, 18(June), p. 101213. doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101213.

Yasuda, K. (2024). Characteristics of Ultrafine Bubbles (Bulk Nanobubbles) and Their Application to Particle-Related Technology. KONA Powder and Particle Journal, 2024(41), pp. 183–196. doi: 10.14356/kona.2024004.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/teknosains.100358

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2173 | views : 1135

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2025 Arif Adtyas Budiman et al.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.



 Submit an Article        Tracking Your Submission

Editorial Policies       Publishing System       Copyright Notice       Site Map       Journal History      Visitor Statistics     Abstracting & Indexing