The Association Between Demographic, Socio-Economic, Smoking Habits and Food Cravings in Adolescents

https://doi.org/10.22146/rpcpe.96103

Benedicta Venessa(1*), Harry Freitag Luglio Muhammad(2), Fitriana Murriya Ekawati(3)

(1) Nutrition and Health Undergraduate Program; Faculty of Medicine, Public Heath, and Nursing; Gadjah Mada University; Indonesia
(2) Departement of Nutrition and Heath; Faculty of Medicine, Public Heath, and Nursing; Universitas Gadjah Mada; Indonesia
(3) Departement of Family and Community Medicine; Faculty of Medicine, Public Heath, and Nursing; Universitas Gadjah Mada; Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: Food cravings are one of the factors that can increase the risk of being overweight in adolescents. Food cravings can be influenced by several factors, such as smoking habits and demographic and socio-economic conditions. Objective: Therefore, this study aims to see whether there is a relationship between demographic, socio-economic conditions, and smoking habits with the incidence of food cravings in adolescents. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional study and was conducted online in July-September 2021 involving 249 respondents from 2 senior high schools in Gunungkidul Regency. Data on demographic, socio-economic conditions, and smoking habits were collected using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey questionnaire, while data on food cravings were collected using the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait-reduced questionnaire. Results: From this study, it was found that the variables gender (p value: 0.000), age (p-value: 0.028), and smoking frequency (p-value: 0.045) were significantly related to the FCQ-Tr score. Conclusions: Demographic conditions (gender and age) and smoking habits (smoking frequency) are associated with the incidence of food cravings. However, further research is needed with a wider population to prove the results of this study.


Keywords


Demographic; socio-economy; smoking habits; food cravings



References

  1. Parker, M. N., Tanofsky‐Kraff, M., Crosby, R. D., Byrne, M. E., LeMay‐Russell, S., Swanson, T. N., Ramirez, E., Shank, L. M., Djan, K. G., Kwarteng, E. A., Faulkner, L. M., Yang, S. B., Zenno, A., Chivukula, K. K., Engel, S. G., Brady, S. M., Yanovski, S. Z., & Yanovski, J. A. Food cravings and loss‐of‐control eating in youth: Associations with gonadal hormone concentrations. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 2021;54(8):1426–1437. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23530
  2. Verzijl, C. L., Ahlich, E., Schlauch, R. C., & Rancourt, D. The role of craving in emotional and uncontrolled eating. Appetite. 2018;123:146–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.12.014
  3. Meule, A. Twenty years of the food cravings questionnaires: A comprehensive review. Current Addiction Reports. 2020;7(1): 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-020-00294-z
  4. Sinha, R. Role of addiction and stress neurobiology on food intake and obesity. 2019.
  5. Abdella, H., El Farssi, H., Broom, D., Hadden, D., & Dalton, C. Eating behaviours and food cravings; influence of Age, Sex, BMI and FTO genotype. Nutrients. 2019;11(2):377. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020377
  6. Meule, A. Twenty years of the food cravings questionnaires: A comprehensive review. Current Addiction Reports. 2020;7(1):30–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-020-00294-z
  7. Meule, A. The psychology of food cravings: The role of food deprivation. Current Nutrition Reports. 2020;9:251–257.
  8. Hallam, J., Boswell, R. G., DeVito, E. E., & Kober, H. Gender-related differences in food craving and obesity. 2016;13.
  9. Chao, A. M., White, M. A., Grilo, C. M., & Sinha, R. Examining the effects of cigarette smoking on food cravings and intake, depressive symptoms, and stress. Eating Behaviors. 2017;24:61–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.12.009
  10. Ren, M., & Lotfipour, S. Nicotine gateway effects on adolescent substance use. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2019;20(5):696.
  11. Styn, M. A., Bovbjerg, D. H., Lipsky, S., & Erblich, J. Cue-induced cigarette and food craving: A common effect? Addictive Behaviors. 2013:38(3):1840–1843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.09.010
  12. Yuan, M., Cross, S. J., Loughlin, S. E., & Leslie, F. M. Nicotine and the adolescent brain. The Journal of physiology. 2015:593(16):3397-3412.
  13. Ren, M., & Lotfipour, S. Nicotine gateway effects on adolescent substance use. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2019;20(5):696–709. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2019.7.41661.
  14. Al-sheyab, N., & Alomari, M. Unhealthy eating habits among adolescent waterpipe smokers in Jordan: The Irbid-TRY. Tobacco Induced Diseases. 2018;16. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/89976
  15. Gisle, L., Van Oyen, H., Demarest, S., & Tafforeau, J. Food consumption patterns among adolescent and young adult smokers. Public Health. 2009;123(9):632–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2009.07.016
  16. Rubinstein, M. L., Luks, T. L., Dryden, W. Y., Rait, M. A., & Simpson, G. V. Adolescent smokers show decreased brain responses to pleasurable food images compared with nonsmokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2011;13(8):751–755. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntr046
  17. Chao, A. M., White, M. A., Grilo, C. M., & Sinha, R. Examining the effects of cigarette smoking on food cravings and intake, depressive symptoms, and stress. Eating Behaviors. 2017;24:61–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.12.009
  18. Barchitta, M., Maugeri, A., Agrifoglio, O., Favara, G., Mastra, C. L., Rosa, M. C. L., Lio, R. M. S., & Agodi, A. (n.d.). Dietary patterns and school performance: Evidence from a sample of adolescents in Sicily, Italy. 2019.
  19. Correa-Burrows, P., Burrows, R., Blanco, E., Reyes, M., & Gahagan, S. Nutritional quality of diet and academic performance in Chilean students. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2016;94(3):185–192. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.15.161315
  20. Yuan, M., Cross, S. J., Loughlin, S. E., & Leslie, F. M. Nicotine and the adolescent brain: Nicotine and the adolescent brain. The Journal of Physiology. 2015;593(16):3397–3412. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP270492
  21. Charan, J., & Biswas, T. How to calculate sample size for different study designs in medical research?. Indian journal of psychological medicine. 2013;35(2):121-126.
  22. Meule, A., Hermann, T., & Kübler, A. A short version of the Food Cravings Questionnaire Trait: The FCQ-T-reduced. Frontiers in Psychology. 2014;5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00190
  23. Meule, A. Food cravings in food addiction: Exploring a potential cut-off value of the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait-reduced. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2018;23(1):39–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-017-0452-3
  24. Innamorati, M., Imperatori, C., Meule, A., Lamis, D. A., Contardi, A., Balsamo, M., Tamburello, A., Tamburello, S., & Fabbricatore, M. Psychometric properties of the Italian Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait-reduced (FCQ-T-r). Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2015;20(1):129–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-014-0143-2
  25. Haghighinejad, H., Tarakemehzadeh, M., Jafari, P., Jafari, M., Ramzi, M., & Hedayati, A. Persian version of the yale food addiction scale 2.0: Psychometric analysis and setting cutoff point for the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait-Reduced. Psychiatry Investigation. 2021;18(3):179–186. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0198
  26. DIY Provincial Central Statistics Agency. Official statistical news. 2021.
  27. Jilcott, S. B., Laraia, B. A., Evenson, K. R., & Ammerman, A. S. Perceptions of the community food environment and related influences on food choice among midlife women residing in rural and urban areas: A qualitative analysis. Women & Health. 2009;49(2–3):164–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630240902915085
  28. Placek, C. A test of four evolutionary hypotheses of pregnancy food cravings: Evidence for the social bargaining model. Royal Society Open Science. 2017;4(10):170243. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170243
  29. Zhang, J., Wang, D., Eldridge, A., Huang, F., Ouyang, Y., Wang, H., & Zhang, B. Urban–rural disparities in energy intake and contribution of fat and animal source foods in Chinese children aged 4–17 years. Nutrients. 2017;9(5):526. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9050526
  30. Romero, K., Daniels, C. W., Gipson, C. D., & Sanabria, F. Suppressive and enhancing effects of nicotine on food-seeking behavior. Behavioural Brain Research. 2018;339:130–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.023
  31. Sato, T., Oishi, K., Ida, T., & Kojima, M. Suppressive effect of ghrelin on nicotine-induced clock gene expression in the mouse pancreas. Endocrine Journal. 2020;67(1):73–80. https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.EJ19-0169
  32. Hormes, J. M., Orloff, N. C., & Timko, C. A. Chocolate craving and disordered eating. Beyond the gender divide? Appetite. 2014;83:185–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.08.018
  33. Carpenter, C. L., Wong, A. M., Li, Z., Noble, E. P., & Heber, D. Association of dopamine D 2 receptor and leptin receptor genes with clinically severe obesity: Genes, Addiction, and Obesity. Obesity. 2013;21(9):E467–E473. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20202
  34. Wei, N.-L., Quan, Z.-F., Zhao, T., Yu, X.-D., Xie, Q., Zeng, J., Ma, F.-K., Wang, F., Tang, Q.-S., Wu, H., & Zhu, J.-H. Chronic stress increases susceptibility to food addiction by increasing the levels of DR2 and MOR in the nucleus accumbens. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2019;15:1211–1229. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S204818
  35. Silvers, J. A., Insel, C., Powers, A., Franz, P., Weber, J., Casey, B. J., & Ochsner, K. N. (2015). Curbing craving: Behavioral and brain evidence that children regulate craving when instructed to do so but have higher baseline craving than adults. 2015;17.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/rpcpe.96103

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 201

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Benedicta Venessa, Harry Freitag Luglio Muhammad, Fitriana Murriya Ekawati

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View My Stats