Paguyuban sebagai Media Transformasi Sosial-ekonomi Keluarga Perempuan TKI Purna Penempatan? Sebuah Perspektif Antropologi Migrasi
Setiadi Setiadi(1*)
(1) Departemen Antropologi, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gadjah Mada, dan Pusat Studi Kependudukan dan Kebijakan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
The Phenomenon of Feminization of Indonesian Workers has placed women in strategic positions in the family. One reason is the number of economic and social remittances they have. The great number of remittances requires the optimization of the utilization of remittances through economic and social entrepreneurship. The success of strengthening this Retiring Female Indonesian Workers is a strategic matter. In the long run, there will be an increase in the quality of life of the Indonesian workers’ households. However, this study proves that Remitan and the social (network) of retiring women do not necessarily increase or strengthen their economic roles. The articulation of the roles and position of retiring female Indonesian workers (migrants) in the family and community in developing businesses (social and economic entrepreneurship) lacks significant influence. Why has the entrepreneurship of retiring female workers failed to be achieved? This study with the anthropological approach to migration proves that there are three important factors that influence it, i.e.the low capacity of female migrants to using the accumulation of income while working abroad and the internal conditions of family gender relations, and the low facilitation capacity of institutions/agencies for social change towards migrant families.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abas, S., & Purnomo, R. A. (2017). Peran Mentor Bisnis Bagi Tki Pasca Migrasi Untuk Berwirausaha. Optimal: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kewirausahaan, 11(2), 120–137. https://doi.org/10.33558/optimal.v11i2.748.
Anwar, R. P. (2015). Return Migration and Local Development in Indonesia. 현대사회와 다문화 (Modern Society and Multiculturalism), 5(2), 224–257.
Ariefianto, L., & Ulum, M. B. (2019). Pelatihan Inovasi Pepaya bagi Perempuan Purna Buruh Migran di Desa Sabrang Kecamatan Ambulu Kabupaten Jember. Warta Pengabdian, 13(4),136. https://doi. org/10.19184/wrtp.v13i4.10777.
Arifiartiningsih. (2016). Pemberdayaan Mantan Buruh Migran. Sosiologi Reflektif, 11(1), 109–138.
Asriani, D. D., & Amalia, E. (2014). Jejak Perempuan Buruh Migran dalam Masyarakat ASEAN 2015. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 18(2), 147–159. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.13129.
Basrowi, B. (2019). Dampak Pekerja Migran Perempuan Terhadap Status Sosial Ekonomi Keluarga, Tingkat Pendidikan, dan Kesehatan Anak. Kafa`ah: Journal of Gender Studies, 9(1), 63. https://doi. org/10.15548/jk.v9i1.232.
BP2MI. (2020). Data Penempatan dan Perlindungan PMI Periode februari 2020. In Pusat Data dan Informasi BP2MI. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415 324.004.
BP3TKI. (2015). Jumiran TKI Purna Sukses Asal Bantul Yogyakarta. http://tkipurna. bp3tkiyogya.info/berita-jumiran-tki-purna- sukses-asal-bantul-yogyakarta.html. Brettell, C. B. (2013). Anthropology of migration. The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration, 1–5. https://doi. org/10.1002/9781444351071.wbeghm031.
Chan, C. (2014). Gendered morality and development narratives: The case of female labor migration from Indonesia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 6(10), 6949– 6972. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6106949.
De Jong, G. F. (2000). Expectations, gender, and norms in migration decision- making. Population Studies: A Journala of Demography, 54(3), 307–319. https://doi. org/10.1080/713779089.
Dewi, M. K., Zulaikha, S., Puspasari, N., Luhita, T. Dela, & Banyumas, K. (2018). PROGRAM KEWIRAUSAHAAN PEKERJA MIGRAN DALAM. Pengembangan Sumber Daya Perdesaan Dan Kearifan Lokal Berkelanjutan VIII 14-15 November, 204–210. Purwokerto.
Hage, G. (2005). A not so multi-sited ethnography of a not so imagined community. Anthropological Theory, 5 (4), 463–475. https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499605059 232. Hugo, G. (2002). Effects of international migration on the family of Indonesia. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 11(1), 13–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/01171968 0201100102.
Imawan, R. P. (2016). Is the International migration fostering social capital? A field study on the effects of international migration experience on social capital in Javanese society in Bantul, Indonesia. Thesis. Departement of Government UPPSALA UNIVERSITY.
Jaya,N.N.,&Subrata,I.G.M.(2014).Model kewirausahaanpadapemberdayaanburuh. GaneÇ Swara, 8(2), 65–69. Retrieved from unmasmataram.ac.id/wp/wp-content/ uploads/10.-Nata-dan-Berata.pdf.
Katherine Gibson, L. L. & D. M. (2001). Beyond Heroes and Victims. International Feminist Journal of Politics ISSN:, 3(3), 365–386. https://doi. org/10.1080/1461674011007818.
Kirana, K. C., Kusrini, K., & Purwanto, M. I. (2017). Analisis Faktor Intensi Kewirausahaan Tenaga Kerja Wanita Purna Gunung Kidul Untuk Kemandirian. EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan), 1(3), 303–324. https://doi.org/10.24034/ j25485024.y2017.v1.i3.2404.
Komariah, Kokom, S. dan M. (2019). Pengembangan Kapasitas Buruh Migran Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Produk Kreatif Kewirausahaan. Jurnal Pengabdian Dan Pengembangan Masyarakat, II(1), 157–166.
Lem, W. (2007). William roseberry, class and inequality in the anthropology of migration. Critique of Anthropology, 27(4), 377–394. https://doi. org/10.1177/0308275X07084231.
Listyani, R. H., & Kharisma, I. (2006). Umkm: wujud kemandirian ekonomi perempuan menuju perekonomian global. Al-’Adalah, 19(1), 107–126.
Mahler, S. J., & Pessar, P. R. (2006). Gender matters: Ethnographers bring gender from the periphery toward the core of migration studies. International Migration Review, 40(1), 27–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1747-7379.2006.00002.x.
Meiliyana, M. (2019). Organizing Return Migrant Workers From Indonesia for Sustainable Governance. Wacana Publik, 13(01), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.37295/ wp.v13i01.26.
Mihradi, R. M., & Siregar, F. M. (2018). Dinamika Problematika Sosial Perlindungan Buruh Migran Indonesia Pasca Reformasi Dan Relevansinya Dengan Tantangan Wirausaha Di Era Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean (Mea). Jurnal Kawistara, 7(2), 115–206. https://doi. org/10.22146/kawistara.23657.
Muntamah,A. L., Latifiani, D., &Arifin, R. (2016). PERNIKAHAN DINI DI INDONESIA: FAKTOR DAN PERAN PEMERINTAH (PERSPEKTIF PENEGAKAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI ANAK). Widya Yuridika Jurnal Hukum, 21(1), 1–12. Nana, & Oishi. (2002). Gender and Migration: An Integrative Approach Gender and Migration: An Integrative Approach. CCIS CCIS THE CENTER FOR COMPARATIVE IMMIGRATION STUDIES.
Pitoyo, A. J. (2006). Pemagangan Luar Negeri tenaga Kerja: Proses, Pendapatan, dan Alih Teknologi. Populasi, 17(1), 41-. Prihanto, P. H. (2014). PENGARUH STATUS PEKERJAAN DAN NEGARA PENEMPATAN TERHADAP REMITANSI PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA. Jurnal Paradigma Ekonomica, 9(2), 33–41.
Primawati, A. (2011). Dampak Migrasi Pekerja ke Malaysia Terhadap Perubahan dan Modernisasi Daerah Asal. Sosiologi Andalas, 11, 195–216.
Purnomo, et.al. (2009). STUDI TENTANG MIGRASI TENAGA KERJA DAN PERANNYA BAGI PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH ASAL (Studi Empiris di Kabupaten Wonogiri. LAPORAN AKHIR (TAHUN II) HIBAH PENELITIAN KERJASAMA ANTAR PERGURUAN TINGGI (HBAH PEKERTI) TAHUN ANGGARAN 2009.LEMBAGA PENELITIAN DAN PENGABD.
Putri, O. N., & Darwis, R. S. (2015). Pemberdayaan Perempuan Kepala Keluarga. Prosiding Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2(2), 279–283. https://doi.org/10.24198/jppm. v2i2.13538.
Rahayu, Devi dan Munir, M. (2012). Alternatif Kebijakan Peraturan Daerah Perspektif Gender Bagi Buruh Migran Perempuan Di Madura. Mimbar Hukum, 24(3), 554–569. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16125.
Rahmawati, R., Demartoto, A., & Soemanto, R. B. (2017). Analisis Perspektif Gender dalam Pola Perilaku Purna Migran Perempuan di Sragen. Jurnal Analisa Sosiologi, 6(2), 64–75.
Romdiati, H. (2012). Migrasi Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Dari Kabupaten Tulungagung: Kecenderungan dan Arah Migrasi, serta Remitansi. Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia, VII(2), 27–53.
Sagala, S., Pratama, A. A., & Argo, T. A. (2016). Peran Remitan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Terhadap Potensi Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Banjir Di Wilayah Perkotaan Indramayu. Tataloka, 14(1), 37–51. https:// doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.14.1.37-51.
Sudarsani, N. P., Sukarsa, I. M., & Marhaeni, A. A. I. N. (2015). ANALISIS FAKTOR- FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN PEKERJA. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 4(8), 522–536.
Sugito, T., Windiasih, R., & Sulaiman, A. I. (2018). Aktualisasi Pembangunan Partisipatif Dalam Forum Komunikasi Pemberdayaan Perempuan Desa. Journal Acta Diurna, 14(1), 1–16. Retrieved from http://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/acta_ diurna/article/view/1138.
Sulistyono, S. W. (2015). Peran Karakter Sosial- Ekonomi Sebagai Pendorong Menjadi TKI (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Selorejo Kabupaten Selorejo). Jurnal Ekoniomi & Studi Pembangunan, 7(2), 51–60.
Susilo, S. (2018). Remittance Management in Realizing a Prosperous Houshold of Indonesian Migrant Workers (TKI) on Remoted Communities in Bawean Island Indonesia. The Social Sciences, 13(8), 1328–1332.
Truong, T. D. (1996). Gender, international migration and social reproduction: Implications for theory, policy, research and networking. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 5(1), 27–52. https://doi. org/10.1177/011719689600500103.
Utama Agung, Handayani, T. K. W. (2019). Model Pemberdayaan Perempuan Miskin Melalui Pelatihan Kewirausahaan Berbasis Potensi Lokal di Kecamatan Wedi Kabupaten Klaten. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora, 19(2), 154–167. https://doi. org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
van Hear, N. (2010). Theories of migration and social change. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(10), 1531– 1536. https://doi.org/10.1080/136918 3X.2010.489359. Vertovec, S. (2007). Introduction: New directions in the anthropology of migration and multiculturalism. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30(6), 961–978. https://doi. org/10.1080/01419870701599416.
Windiasih, O. R., & Sugito, T. (2018). Pemberdayaan masyarakat buruh migran. Pengembangan Sumber Daya Perdesaan Dan Kearifan Lokal Berkelanjutan VIII, (November), 410–422.
Wulan, T.R, Shodiq, D., Wijayanti, S., Lestari, D. W. ., Hapsari, A. ., Wahyuningsih, E., & Restuadhi, H. (2018). Ayah Tangguh, Keluarga Utuh: Pola Asuh Ayah pada Keluarga Buruh Migran Perempuan di Kabupaten Banyumas. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga Dan Konsumen, 11(2), 84–95. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2018.11.2.84.
Wulan, Tyas Retno, et.al., (2009). Strategi Pemberdayaan Buruh Migran Perempuan Indonesia Di Hongkong. Jurnal AGRISEP, 8(2), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.31186/ jagrisep.8.2.59-72.
Yuniarto, P. R. (2012). Dari Pekerja ke Wirausaha: Migrasi Internasional, Dinamika Tenaga Kerja, dan Pembentukan Bisnis Migran Indonesia di Taiwan. Jurnal Kajian Wilayah, 3(1), 73–102. https://doi. org/10.14203/JKW.V3I1.312.
Yuniriyanti, Eny, Sudarwati, Ririn dan Nurdewanto, B. (2019). PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DESA BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM UPAYA PENCAPAIAN KETAHANAN PANGAN KELUARGA (Studi pada Purna Perempuan Pekerja Migran Indonesia-Desa Druju- Kabupaten Malang). Seminar Nasional Sistem Informasi, (September), 1708– 1719.
Yusa, M., Hadinegoro, A., & Fatkhurohman, A. (2018). Prosiding IMPLEMENTASI teknologi tepat guna kepada masyarakat. Seminar Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(1), 193–198.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.59615
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 2449 | views : 2508Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 Populasi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright of Jurnal Populasi ISSN 0853-6202 (PRINT), ISSN: 2476-941X (ONLINE).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.