Kajian Delinkuensi Anak di Indonesia Tahun 2011-2015
Nisa’ul Khusna(1*), Winih Budiarti(2)
(1) Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sambas, Kalimantan Barat
(2) Politeknik Statistika STIS Jakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Istilah juvenile delinquency digunakan untuk menyatakan kenakalan anak. Istilah ini tidak hanya digunakan untuk kenakalan anak biasa, tetapi juga termasuk kenakalan anak yang apabila dilakukan oleh orang dewasa tergolong dalam tindakan kriminal. Delinkuensi anak di Indonesia saat ini menjadi masalah yang serius. Jumlah anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum meningkat tajam pada kurun waktu enam tahun terakhir. Anak yang pernah menjadi pelaku delinkuensi akan berpotensi kembali melakukan tindakan kriminal saat dewasa, sehingga nantinya dapat memengaruhi proses pembangunan nasional. Penelitian ini melakukan analisis regresi data panel dari tahun 2011-2015 pada 27 provinsi untuk mengetahui variabel-variabel yang memengaruhi tingkat delinkuensi anak secara makro berdasarkan social factor delinquency theory. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel pendapatan per kapita berpengaruh negatif terhadap tingkat delinkuensi, sedangkan rata-rata lama sekolah, dan persentase pengguna internet berpengaruh positif terhadap tingkat delinkuensi anak di Indonesia.
The term juvenile delinquency is not only used for ordinary child delinquency, but also includes juvenile delinquency which is classified as a crime if this is performed by an adult. The child delinquency in Indonesia is a serious problem and classified as serious crimes as seen from the types of crimes committed by children. Moreover, the number of children in conflict with the law has risen sharply in the last six years. Children who have been perpetrators of delinquency will potentially return to committing criminal acts as adults, so they can later influence the national development process. This study conducted a panel data regression analysis from 2011-2015 in 27 provinces to find out the variables that affect the level of child delinquency based on social factor delinquency theory. The results of this study indicate that the variable income per capita has a negative effect on the level of delinquency, while the average length of schooling and the percentage of internet users have a positive effect on the level of child delinquency in Indonesia.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Badan Pusat Statistik RI. 2015. Profil Anak 2015. Jakarta: BPS RI Subdit Kependudukan dan Ketenagakerjaan.
Badan Pusat Statistik RI. 2015. Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2011. Jakarta: BPS RI Subdit Analisis Statistik.
Badan Pusat Statistik RI. 2016. Statistik Kriminalitas Indonesia. Jakarta: BPS RI Subdit Politik dan Kriminalitas.
Badan Pusat Statistik dan Kementrian PPN/ BAPPENAS. 2010. Proyeksi Penduduk Indonesia 2010-2025. Jakarta: BPS RI Subdit Statistik Sosial.
Baron, R. A. & Byrne, D. 2005. Psikologi Sosial. Jilid 2. Jakarta : Erlangga.
Boys, A., Marsden, J. and Strang, J. 2001. “Understanding reasons for drug use amongst young people: a functional perspective”. Health Education Research 16: 457-469.
Hadisuprapto, Paulus. 2008. Delinkuensi Anak: Pemahaman dan Penanggulangan. Jakarta: Bayumedia Pub. Heilburn, Kirk. 2005. Juvenile Delinquency: Prevention, Assessment, and Intervention. Oxford University Press
Hemenway, David dan Sara J. Solnick. 2015. “The epidemiology of self-defense gun use: Evidence from the NationalCrime Victimization Surveys 2007–2011”. Preventive Medicine: 79, 22-27.
Kierkus, C. A., & Baer, D. 2002. “A Social Control Explanation Of The Relationship Between Family Structure and Delinquent Behaviour" Canadian Journal of Criminology: 44(4), 425-458.
Levitt D., Steven dan Lochner, Lance. 2001. The Determinant of Juvenile Crime. Chicago: Univercity of Chicago. Lochner, Lance. 2007. Education and Crime. Ontario: University of Western Ontario Press.
Lochner, Lance dan Enrico, Morreti. 2003. The Effect of Education on Crime: Evidence from Prison Immates, Arrest, and Self Reports. British Colombia: UCLA.
Mc. Cord, Joan et.al. 2001. Juvenile Crime Juvenile justice. Washington DC: National Academy Press.
Putro, Y. Hardjo. 2016. “Kronologi Kasus Kematian Yuyun di Tangan 14 ABG Bengkulu”. https://www.liputan6.com/ regional/read/2499720, diakses 14 Mei 2017. Ronald. 2016. “Bocah 5 Tahun Digilir oleh Teman-Temannya di Rumah Kosong”, https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa, diakses 15 Mei 2017.
Rukiyati. 2017. “Pendidikan Moral di Sekolah”. Jurnal Humanika Th XVII 2017 :70-80.
Siegel, J Larry and Brandon C. Welsh. 2011. Juvenile Delinquency: The Core. 4th Edition. Belmont USA: Wadsworth CENGAGE Leraning.
Sugiartyanti. 2010. Perilaku Bullying pada Anak dan remaja. Semarang: Intuisi Press.
Unayah, Nunung dan Muslim, Sebariasman. 2015. Fenomena kenakalan remaja dan Kriminalitas. Jakarta: Puslitbang Kemensos RI.
United Nation. 2004. World Youth Report 2003. Chapter Seven: Juvenile Delinquency. New York: United Nation Publication.
UNODOC (United Nations Office on Drigs and Crime) dan EUNI (European Institute for Crime and Prevention Control). 2010. International Statistics on Crimes and Justice. Helsinki: HEUNI Publication.
Whitesel et.al. 2013. “Familial, Social, and Individual Factors Contributing to Risk for Adolescent Substance Use”. Journal of Addiction 2013, 9-19.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.55148
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 18315 | views : 8714Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 Populasi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright of Jurnal Populasi ISSN 0853-6202 (PRINT), ISSN: 2476-941X (ONLINE).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.