MIGRATION, ETHNICITY AND LOCAL POLITICS: THE CASE OF JAKARTA, INDONESIA

Aulia Hadi; Riwanto Tirtosudarmo

doi:10.22146/jp.27228

MIGRATION, ETHNICITY AND LOCAL POLITICS: THE CASE OF JAKARTA, INDONESIA

https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.27228

Aulia Hadi^(1*), Riwanto Tirtosudarmo⁽²⁾

(1) Research Center for Society and Culture, Indonesian Institute of Sciences
(2) Research Center for Society and Culture, Indonesian Institute of Sciences
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

As the capital city of a country with the world’s fourth largest population, Jakarta, like many other big cities in the developing economies, for example, Mexico City or New Delhi, hosts migrants from all regions of the country. Without a doubt, Jakarta has increasingly become the major core of the agglomeration processes transforming it and its satellite cities into a Mega Urban Region (MUR). This paper traces historically the interactions between migration, ethnicities and local politics in Jakarta from the 1960s to the 2000s focusing on the latest development, in which the phenomenon ‘Ahok’, the nickname of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, a Chinese-Christian from the small district of Belitung, has become an increasingly popular Governor of Jakarta. The paper argues that through the recent developments in Jakarta the politics have apparently been transformed into more civic, rather than ethnic politics. The nature of Jakarta as a proliferating migrant city transcends narrow cultural identities as well as conventional party politics into a more active citizenry through the widespread use of social media.

Keywords

migration; ethnicity; local politics; new media

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abeyasekere, Susan. 1987. Jakarta: A History. Singapore: Oxford University Press.

Ananta, Aris, Evi Nurvidya Arifin, M. Sairi Hasbullah, Nur Budi Handayani and Agus Pramono. 2015. Demography of Indonesia’s Ethnicity. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.

Aprianto, Anton, Muhamad Rizki, Larissa Huda, Prihandoko and Muhammad Kurnianto. 2016. “Dari Pantai Mutiara ke Teras Balai Kota.” Tempo, 20-26 June, pp. 30-37.

Aprianto, Anton, Dewi Suci and Indri Maulidar. 2016. “Dari Kepulauan Seribu, Berakhir di Trunojoyo.” Tempo, 21-27 November, pp. 30-33.

Aspinall, Edward. 2011. “Democratization and Ethnic Politics in Indonesia: Nine Theses.” Journal of East Asian Studies,11, pp. 289- 319.

Bakker, Laurens. 2016. “Militias, Security and Citizenship in Indonesia.” Citizenship and Democratization in Southeast Asia, edited by Ward Berenschot, Henk Schulte Nordholt and Laurens Bakker, pp. 125- 154. Leiden: Brill.

Barter, Shane Joshua and Isabelle Cote. 2015. “Strife of the soil? Unsettling transmigrant conflicts in Indonesia”. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Volume, 46, Issue 1, pp. 60- 85.

Berenschot, Ward, Henk Schulte Nordholt and Laurens

Bakker. 2016. “Introduction: Citizenship and Democratization in Postcolonial Southeast Asia.” Citizenship and Democratization in Southeast Asia, edited by Ward Berenschot, Henk Schulte Nordholt and Laurens Bakker, pp. 1-30. Leiden: Brill.

Bunnell, Tim and Michelle Ann Miller. 2012. “Jakarta in Post-Suharto Indonesia: Decentralization, Neoliberalism and Global City Aspiration.” Space and Polity, pp. 35- 48.

Castles, Lance. 1967. “The Ethnic Profile of Djakarta.” Indonesia, Vol. 23, pp. 153-204.

Dwifatma, Andina. 2015. “Ahok: Another new hope?” The Jakarta Post (28 March). Retrieved from http://www.thejakartapost. com/news/2015/03/28/ahok-another-new- hope.html.

Elyda, Corry. 2015. “Residents support Ahok during Car Free Day.” The Jakarta Post (2 March). Retrieved from http://www. thejakartapost.com/news/ 2015/03/02/ residents-support-ahok-during-car-free- day.html.

Fearon, James D. and David D. Laitin. 2011. “Sons of the Soil, migrants and civil war”. World Development, Volume 39, No. 2, pp. 199-211.

Firman, Tommy. 2008. “In Search of a Governance Institution Model for Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA) under Indonesia’s New Decentralisation Policy: Old Problems, New Challenges.” Public Administration Development 28, pp. 280-290.

____. 2009. “The Continuity and Change in Mega-Urbanization in Indonesia: A Survey of the Jakarta-Bandung (JBR) Development.” Habitat International, 33, 4, pp. 327-39.

Hadiz, Vedi. 2010. Localizing Power in Post- Authoritarian Indonesia: A Southeast Asia Perspective. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Hamid, Abdul. 2014. “Jokowi’s Populism in the 2012 Jakarta Gubernatorial Election.” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 33, 1, pp. 85–109.

Handoko, Dian Triyuli. 2016. “Basuki Tjahaja Purnama: Lebih Baik Masuk Penjara Ketimbang Mundur,” Tempo, 21-27 November, pp. 42.

Heriyanto, Devina. 2016. “Q&A: Indonesia at Stake in November 4 anti-Ahok Rally?,” The Jakarta Post, 3 November. Retrived from http://www.thejakartapost.com/ academia/2016/ 11/03/qa-is-indonesia-at- stake-in-nov-4-anti-ahok-rally.html.

Kanumoyoso, Bondan. 2007. “Pengantar: Perubahan Identitas Penduduk Jakarta.” Profil Etnik Jakarta, Lance Castles, pp. xi- xxxi. Jakarta: Masup.

Kloos, David and Ward Berenschot. 2016. “Citizenship and Islam in Malaysia and Indonesia.” Citizenship and Democratization in Southeast Asia, edited by Ward Berenschot, Henk Schulte Nordholt, and Laurens Bakker, pp. 178- 210. Leiden: Brill.

Lim, Merlyna. 2016. “Digital Media and Malaysia’s Electoral Reform Movement.” Citizenship and Democratization in Southeast Asia, edited by Ward Berenschot, Henk Schulte Nordholt and Laurens Bakker, pp. 211-237. Leiden: Brill.

Miichi, Ken. 2014. “The Role of Religion and Ethnicity in Jakarta’s 2012 Gubernatorial Election.” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 33, 1, pp. 55-83.

Muntaco, Firman. 2006. Gambang Jakarte. Jakarta: Masup.

Murtadho, Roy. 2016. “Aksi Bela Islam: Antara Bela Agama dan Bela Oligarki.” Indoprogress, 2 December. Retrieved from http://indoprogress.com/2016/12/aksi- bela-islam-antara-bela-agama-dan-bela- oligarki/.

Nurhasim and Moerat Sitompul. 2016. “Setelah jadi Tersangka.” Tempo, 21-27 November, pp. 34-35.

Panitia Penulisan Gubernur Jakarta. 2011. Kepala Pemerintahan Daerah Jakarta.

Prihandoko. 2016. “Parade Pendukung Basuki.” Tempo, 21-27 November, pp. 40.

Purnomo, Wayan Agus, Anton Aprianto and Devy Ernis. 2016. “Proposal Dahulu Relawan Kemudian.” Tempo, 20-26 June, pp. 39-40.

Sunudyantoro, Ahmad Faiz, Rezki Alvionitasari, Arkhelaus W. and Nofika Dian Nugroho. 2016. “Ancaman Kedua setelah Tersangka.” Tempo, 21-27 November, pp. 38-39.

Suryadinata, Leo, Evi Nurvidya Arifin and Aris Ananta. 2003. Indonesia’s Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape. Singapore: ISEAS.

Teresia, Ananda, Raymundus Rikang and Istman M.P. 2016. “Blusukan Mencari Ulama.” Tempo, 21-27 November, pp. 36- 37.

The Jakarta Post. 2016. “No Corruption in Sumber Waras Land Acquisition: KPK.” The Jakarta Post (14 June). Retrieved from http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/ 2016/06/14/no-corruption-in-sumber- waras-land-acquisition-kpk.html.

Van Laer, J. and P. Van Aelst. 2010. “Internet and Social Movement Action Repertoires.” Information, Communication and Society, 13, 8, pp. 1147-1171.

Windarsih, Ana and Aulia Hadi. 2014. “Aglomerasi Jakarta: Konsep, Problematika, dan Perkembangan Aspek Kelembagaannya.” Dinamika Sosial di Kawasan Pusat Aglomerasi Pantura (JABODETABEK, KEDUNGSEPUR, GERBANGKERTOSUSILA: Kasus Kota Jakarta, Semarang, dan Surabaya, edited by Aulia Hadi, Jakarta: PMB-LIPI and PT Gading Inti Prima, pp. 23-48.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.27228