DAMPAK RESESI EKONOMI PADA PENURUNAN KEMATIAN DAN PENINGKATAN ANGKA HARAPAN HIDUP DI INDONESIA*

Siswanto Agus Wilopo

doi:10.22146/jp.11686

DAMPAK RESESI EKONOMI PADA PENURUNAN KEMATIAN DAN PENINGKATAN ANGKA HARAPAN HIDUP DI INDONESIA*

https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.11686

Siswanto Agus Wilopo^(1*)

(1) Gadjah Mada University
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Since July 1997, Indonesia has suffered a monetary crisis that has led to a high rate of inflation and economic recession. This situation has inflicted an impact on the individual at two levels that is through the family and then the government role. Economic recession ean also have a direct and indirect influence on the degree of public health. There is a phenomenon of epidemiological polarization, which has a bigger impact on handling public health issues during recession. Without a program and more effective and efficient activities compared with the previous years, the current economic crisis will endanger the pattern of the declining death rate and increasing life expectancy at birth. Although various studies indicate that recession and economic fluctuation does notalways lead to a stagnationand decline inpublic health, the economic conditions in Indonesia arefundamentally different from those in other countries going through a similar experience. Efforts to maintain a momentum in reducing death rate and increasing life expectancy require reinventingpublic health policy.

Keywords

populasi, ekonomi, angka harapan hidup, kematian, indonesia

Full Text:

PDF

References

Anand, S. dan Lincoln C. 1996. Health implications of economics policies: a framework of analysis. New York: Office of Development Studies, United Nations Development Programme. (UNDP. Discussion Paper Series No. 3).

Backlund, E., Paul S. dan Norman J. 1996. "The shape of the relationship between income and mortality in the United States: evidence from the national longitudinal mortality study". Annals of Epidemiology, 6(1): 12-20.

Birdsall, N. 1992. "Health and development: what can research contribute?", dalam Lincoln Chen, Arthur Kleinman dan Norma Ware, eds. Advancing health in developing countries: the role of social research. New York: Auburn House.

Coussy, J. dan Vallin J. 1996. "Crises economiques, politiques d'adjusmentet dynamiques demographiques", dalam Jean Coussy dan Vallin J. eds. Crise et population en Afrique. Paris: Centre Framjais sur la Populationet le Developpement(CEPED).

David,L., Chenet L. dan Shkolnikov V. 1997. "High variation in Russian mortality rates 1984-94: artefact, alcohol, or what?". The Lancet, (9075): 383-388.

Frenk, J., et al. 1991. "Elements for a theory of the health transition". Health Transition Review, (1): 21-38.

Genburg, H. 1992. Macroeconomic adjustment and health: a survey. Geneva: World Health Organization.

HIV/AIDS: the global epidemic. 1996. Geneva: United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS.

Halstead, S. B., Walsh J.A. dan Warren K.S. 1985. Good health at low cost. New York: Rockefeller Foundation.

Indonesia. Biro Pusat Statistik. 1998. Proyeksi pendnduk Indonesia tahun 1995-2005. Jakarta.

Indonesia. Central Bureau of Statistic. 1995. Demographic and Health Survey 1994. Calverton, Maryland: CBS and State Ministry of Population/ National Planning Coordinating Board (NFPCB) and Ministry of Health (MOH) and Macro International Inc (MI).

Indonesia. Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat. Sekretariat Jendral. 1998. Garis-Garis Besar Haluan Negara (GBHN) 1998. Jakarta.

Jolly, R. 1988. "A UNICEF perspective on the affects of economic crises and what can be done", dalam D. Bell dan M. Reich, eds. Health, nutrition and economic crises: an approach to policy in the third world. Dover,New York: Auburn House.

Lundberg, Olle dan Johan Fritzell. 1994. "Income distribution, income change and health: on the importance of absolute and relative income for health status in Sweden", dalam Economic change, social welfare and health in Europe. Copenhagen: Regional Office for World Health Organization. (WHO. European Series no. 54).

Manton, KG. 1990. "Mortality and morbidity", dalam R.H. Binstock, et al. Handbook of aging and the social sciences. New York: Academic Press.

Martikainen, Pekka dan Tapani Valkonen. 1995. "Economic depression and premature mortality". Vaesto, (11).

---------. 1990. "Excess mortality of unemployed men and women during a period of rapidly increasing unemployment". The Lancet, (348): 909-12.

Mesle, F. dan Hentrich V. 1997. "Evolution de la mortalit ecn Europe: La divergence s'accentre etitre l'est et l'Quest". International Population Conference, Beijing. Liege: International Union for the Scientific Study on Population.

Musgrove, P. 1990. Crisis economica y salnd: La experienea de cinco paises latinoamericanos en los a os ochenta. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Health Organization. (Mimeograph).

Nathanson, C. 1996. "Disease prevention as social change". Population and Development Review, 22(4): 609-637.

Olhansky, S. Jay dan A. Brian Ault. 1986. "The Fourth stage of the epidemiologic transition: the age of delayed degenerative diseases". Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 64(3): 35591.

Omran,AR. 1971."The epidemiological transition a theory of the epidemiologic of population change". Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, (49): 509538.

Panos Institute. 1992. The hidden cost of AIDS: the challenge of HIV to development. London.

Preston S. 1980. "Causes and consequences of mortality in less developed countries during the twentieth century", dalam Richard Easterlin, ed. Population and economic change in developing countries. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.

Preston S. 1985. "Mortality and development revisited". Population Bulletin of the United Nations, 13(18): 34-40.

Rodriquez-Garcia, Rosalia dan Goldan A. 1994. The health-development link. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Health Organization.

Strauss, J. 1990. "Households, communities and preschool children's nutrition outcomes: evidence from Rural Cote d' Ivoire". Economic Development and Cultural Change, 38(2): 231-261.

Thomas, D., Lavy, V dan Strauss, J. 1996. "Public policy and anthropometric outcomes in the Cote d' Ivoire". Journal of Public Economics, (61): 155-192.

Thomas, D. dan Strauss, J. 1997. "Health and wages: evidence on men and women in urban Brazil". Journal of Econometrics, (77): 159-185.

United Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs. 1991. Child mortality in developing countries: socio-economic differentials, trends and implications. New York.

----------. 1997. The progress of nations. New York.

----------.1998a. Symposium on health mortality. New York. (In Draft).

--------. 1998b. World population monitoring 1998: health and mortality: selected aspects. New York. (In Draft).

---------. 1998c. World population prospects: the 1996 revision. New York. (In draft).

Vaupel, J.W. 1986. Redistributing work: a long-term demographic perspective on the allocation of the lengthening time our lives. Minneapolis: Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, Center for Population Analysis and Policy, University of Mennesota.

Vaupel, JW., Owen J.M. dan AE. Gowen. 1986. "Anna's life expectancy". Journal of Policy Analysis and Management; (2): 383-389.

Wilopo, Siswanto Agus. 1995. "Transisi kesehatan di Indonesia", dalam Aris Ananta, eds. Transisi demografi, transisi pendidikan, transisi kesehatan. Jakarta: Kantor Menteri Negara Kependudukan/BKKBN.

World Bank. 1993. World development report 1993: investing in health. New York: Oxford University Press.

---------. 1996. Trends in health status, services and finance: the transition in Central and Eastern Europe. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. (WB. Technical Paper No. 341).

World Health Organization. 1996. World health report 1996: fighting disease, fostering development. Geneva.

-----------. 1997a. Health and environment in sustainable development: five years after the earth summit. Geneva.

---------. 1997b. World health report 1997: conquering suffering, enriching humanity. Geneva.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.11686