The effect of titanium dioxide filler on soft liners on Candida albicans growth and surface hardness

Pramudya Aditama; Murti Indrastuti; Intan Ruspita

doi:10.22146/majkedgiind.80212

The effect of titanium dioxide filler on soft liners on Candida albicans growth and surface hardness

https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.80212

Pramudya Aditama^(1*), Murti Indrastuti⁽²⁾, Intan Ruspita⁽³⁾

(1) Specialist Prosthodontics Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(2) Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(3) Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Soft liners are recommended in denture stomatitis, yet they are prone to microorganism colonization. Modification of soft liners can be done by adding titanium dioxide (TiO₂) because they induce photocatalytic production and increase the physical strength of the material. This research aims to examine the effect of adding (TiO₂) filter in soft liners on the growth of Candida albicans and surface hardness. This research used disc-shaped soft liners with 2 sizes: 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness for the mold growth test and 10 mm in diameter and 6mm in thickness for surface hardness. Each of the 24 samples was divided into 4 groups: groups I, II, and III with the addition of (TiO₂) at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 2%, respectively, and group IV acting as the control group without (TiO₂). Test of the growth of Candida albicans used dilution method, and calculations were made with a colony counter. Test of surface hardness used a durometer, and data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD. The results showed that among the groups, group III demonstrated the lowest growth of Candida albicans (7.67±2.25 x10³CFU/mL), while group IV exhibited the highest growth (21.33±4.63 x10³CFU/ml). The results of the ANOVA test showed that the addition of TiO2 had a significant effect on the growth of Candida albicans (p < 0.05). In the LSD test, there were significant differences between the control group and all of the treatment groups. In the surface hardness test, the highest was observed in group III (29.92 ± 1.52 HA), and the lowest was in group IV (23.08 ± 2.6 HA). The results of the ANOVA test indicated the effect of adding (TiO₂) on the hardness of the soft liners (p < 0.05). The LSD test showed significant differences between the control group and all of the treatment groups. The addition of 0.5%-2% (TiO₂) concentrations to soft liners inhibited the growth of Candida albicans, while the 0.5% concentration showed the smallest change in surface hardness.

Keywords

Candida albicans growth; soft liners; surface hardness; titanium dioxide

Full Text:

Pramudya Aditama

References

1. Wirayuni KA. Akumulasi Streptococcus mutans pada basis gigi tiruan lepasan plat nilon termoplastik dan resin akrilik. Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi. 2017; 13(2): 28-31.
doi: 10.46862/interdental.v13i2.362

2. Lima JF, Maciel JG, Arrais CA, Porto VC, Urban VM, Neppelenbroek KH. Effect of
Incorporating antifungals on the water sorption and solubility of interim resilient liners for
denture base relining. J Prosthet Dent. 2016; 115(5): 611–616.
doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.09.029

3. Powers JM, Wataha JC. Dental Materials Foundation and Application, 11th ed. St.
Louis: Elsevier; 2017. 177-178. Available at https://www.us.elsevierhealth.com/dentalmaterials-
9780323316378.html

4. Bueno MG, de Sousa EJB, Hotta J, Porto VC, Urban VM, Neppelenbroek KH. surface
properties of temporary soft liners modified by minimum inhibitory concentrations of
antifungals. Braz Dent J. 2017; 28(2): 158-164. doi: 10.1590/0103-6440201701266

5. Acosta-Torres LS, Lopez-Marin LM, Nunez-Anita RE, Hernandez-Padron G, Castano VM. Biocompatible metal-oxide nanoparticles: nanotechnology improvement of conventional
prosthetic acrylic resins. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2011; 2011(1): 1-8.
doi: 10.1155/2011/941561

6. Sari L, Astuti. Pengaruh nanopartikel titanium dioksida pada resin sebagai material
transparan anti UV dan self cleansing. Jurnal Fisika Unand. 2013; 2(1): 20–25.
doi: 10.25077/jfu.2.1.%25p.2013

7. Haghighi F, Mohammadi SR, Mohammadi P, Hosseinkhani S, Shidpour R. Antifungal activity of TiO2 Nanoparticles and EDTA on Candida albicans Biofilms. Infection Epidemiology and Medicine. 2013; 1(1): 33–38.

8. Alwan SA, Alameer SS. The effect of the addition of silanized nano titania fillers on
some physical and mechanical properties of heat cured acrylic denture base materials.
Journal of Baghdad Collage of Dentistry. 2015; 27(1): 86-91. doi: 10.12816/0015269

9. Sharma DA, Shashidhara HS. A Review: flexible removable partial dentures. IOSR
Journal of Dental and Medical Scienses. 2014; 13(12): 58-62. doi: 10.9790/0853-131265862

10. Putranti DT, Fadilla A. Titanium dioxide addition to heat polymerized acrylic resin
denture base effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Journal of Indonesian
Dental Association. 2018; 1(1): 21–27. doi: 10.32793/jida.v1i1.286

11. Hashem M, Rez MFA, Fouad H, Elsarnagawy TD, Elsharawy MA, Umar A, Assery MK, Ansari
SG. Influence of titanium oxide nanoparticles on the physical and thermomechanical
behavior of Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA): A Denture Base Resin. Science of Advanced
Materials. 2017; 9(6): 938-944. doi: 10.1166/sam.2017.3087

12. Alrahlah A, Fouad H, Hashem M, Niazy A, AlBadah A. Titanium Oxide (TiO2)/Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base nanocomposites: mechanical, viscoelastic and antibacterial behavior. Materials. 2018; 11(7): 1096. doi: 10.3390/ma11071096

13. Chen T, Yan J, Li Y. Genotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Journal of Food and
Drug Analysis. 2014; 22(1): 95-104. doi: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.01.008

14. Gatou MA, Syrrakou A, Lagopati N, Pavlatou EA. Photocatalytic TiO2-Based nanostructures as a promising material for diverse environmental application: a review. Journals Reactions. 2024; 5(1): 135-194. doi: 10.3390/reactions5010007

15. Shirkavand S, Moslehifard E. Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on tensile strength of dental
acrylic resins. J Dent Res Den Clin Dent Prospects. 2014; 8(4): 197-203.
doi: 10.5681/joddd.2014.036

16. Bialozyt-Bujak E, Wyszynska M, Chladek G, Czelakowska A, Gala A, Orczykowska M, Bialozyt A, Kasperski J, Skucha-Nowak M. Analysis of the hardness of soft relining materials for removable dentures. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(18): 9491. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189491

17. Hashem MI. Advances in soft denture liners: an update. The Journal of Contemporary
Dental Practice. 2015; 16(4): 314-318. doi: 10.5005/jp.journals.10024.168

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.80212