Efek antikaries ekstrak gambir pada tikus jantan galur wistar

Siti Rusdiana Puspa Dewi; Dina Oktaviani Marlamsya; Rini Bikarindrasari

doi:10.22146/majkedgiind.17407

Efek antikaries ekstrak gambir pada tikus jantan galur wistar

https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.17407

Siti Rusdiana Puspa Dewi^(1*), Dina Oktaviani Marlamsya⁽²⁾, Rini Bikarindrasari⁽³⁾

(1) University of Sriwijaya
(2) Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Sumatera Selatan
(3) Bagian Konservasi Gigi, Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Sumatera Selatan
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Anti-caries effect of gambier extract on male wistar rats. Several previous studies have mentioned that gambir extract can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) because it contains active substances of catechins and tannins. The objective of this study was to explore the anti-caries effect of gambir extract on male Wistar rats. Thirty-six Wistar rats were inoculated with S. mutans, given cariogenic foods and divided into 4 groups according to the doses of gambir extract, namely 6 mg, 12 mg, 24 mg and placebo. After 60 days, the rats were euthanized, then the number of caries on the mesial or distal and occlusal surfaces was counted by using the Keyes’ method. The data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test. The results revealed that caries was found only in occlusal surfaces with an enamel depth. There is no significant difference among all the groups, so it can be concluded that gambir extract at 6 mg, 12 mg and 24 mg doses do not have anti-caries effect on the teeth of male Wistar rats.

ABSTRAK

Beberapa penelitian terdahulu mengatakan bahwa ekstrak gambir dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Steptococcus mutans (S. mutans) karena mengandung zat aktif katekin dan tanin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat efek antikaries ekstrak gambir pada tikus jantan galur Wistar. Tiga puluh enam ekor tikus galur Wistar diinokulasi dengan S. mutans, diberikan makanan kariogenik dan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yakni, kelompok yang diberi dosis ekstrak gambir 6 mg, 12 mg, 24 mg dan plasebo. Setelah 60 hari, tikus di eutanasia, kemudian dihitung jumlah karies pada permukaan halus dan oklusal dengan menggunakan metode Keyes. Data dianalisa dengan menggunakan tes Kruskal Wallis. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa karies ditemukan hanya pada pemukaan oklusal dengan kedalaman email. Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antar semua kelompok, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak gambir dengan dosis 6 mg, 12 mg dan 24 mg tidak memiliki efek antikaries pada gigi tikus jantan galur Wistar.

Keywords

anti-caries; gambir extract; caries

Full Text:

PDF

References

Pintauli S, Hamada T. Menuju gigi dan mulut sehat: penanggulangan dan pemeliharaan. 1st ed. Medan: USU Press; 2010. 7.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kementrian Kesehatan. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. Jakarta: Depkes RI 2013; 2013. 114 – 118.
Kidd EAM, Joyston-Bechal S. Dasar – dasar karies: penyakit dan penanggulangannya. Jakarta: EGC; 2012. 1 – 5, 8.
Fejerskov O, Kidd E. Dental caries: the disease and its clinical management. 2nd ed. UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2008. 166.
Pambayun R, Gardjito M, Sudarmadji S, Rahayu K. Kandungan fenolik ekstrak daun gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb) dan aktivitas antibakterinya. Agritech. 2007; 27(2): 89 – 94.
Magdalena NV, Kusnadi J. Antibakteri dari ekstrak kasar daun gambir (Uncaria gambir var cubadak) metode microwave-assisted extraction terhadap bakteri patogen. Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri. 2015; 3(1): 124 – 135.

Liang C, Zhang Y, Jia Y, Wang W, Li Y, Lu S, Jin JM, Tang SY. Engineering a carbohydrate-processing transglycosidase into glucosyltransferase for natural product glycodiversication [Internet]. Science Reports 6; 2016 [cited 2017 January 19.] Available from http://www.nature.com/articles/srep21051. Pambayun R, Gardjito M, Sudarmadji S, Rahayu K. Sensitivitas bakteri gram positif terhadap katekin yang diekstraksi dari gambir (Uncaria gambir). Agritech. 2008; 28(4): 174 – 179.
Amos. Gambir sebagai antibakteri dalam formulasi obat kumur. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Indonesia. 2009; 11(3): 188 – 192.
Lucida H, Rustini, Sautri D, Dachriyanus. Formulation of anti-plaque tooth paste from standardized gambir extractand its antimicrobial activity. Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia. 2010; 5(2): 70 – 77.
Ridwan E. Etika pemanfaatan hewan percobaan dalam penelitian kesehatan. J Indon Med Assoc. 2013; 63(3): 112 – 116.
Hasti S, Muchtar H, Bakhtia A. Uji aktivitas hepatoproteksi dan toksisitas akut dari ekstrak gambir terstandarisasi. Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi Indonesia. 2012; 1(1): 34 – 38.
Irdalisa, Safrida, Khairil, Abdullah, Sabri M. Profil kadar glukosa darah pada tikus setelah penyuntikan aloksan sebagai hewan model hiperglikemik. Jurnal EduBio Tropika. 2015; 3(1): 25 – 28.
Guggenheim B, Hefti A, Burschard JJ. The effect of cyclosporin A on dental caries in rats monoassociated with Actimycess viscosus NY1. In McGhee JR, editor. Secretory Immunity and Infection. Proceeding of the International Symposium on the Secretory Immune System and Caries Immunity; 2012; New York. New York: Springer Sci and Bussiner media; 2012. 294 – 301.
Simon L. The role of Streptococcus mutans and oral ecology in the formation of dental caries. JYI. 2007; 56: 11 – 20.

Machale PS, Hedge-Shetiya S, Agarwal D. The incipient caries. J Contemp Dent. 2013: 3(1): 20 – 24.
Veiga N, Aires D, Douglas F, Pereira M, Vaz A, Rama L, Silva M, Miranda V, Pereira F, Vidal B, Plaza J, Bexiga F. Dental caries: a review. J Dent Oral Health. 2013; 2(5): 43 – 45.
Shetty C, Hedge MN, Devadiga D. Correlation between dental caries with salivary flow, pH and buffering capacity in adult South Indian population. Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 2013; 4(2): 219 – 223.
Fatmawati DWA. Hubungan biofilm Streptococcus mutans terhadap resiko terjadinya karies gigi. Stomatognatic. J.K.G Unej. 2011; 8(3): 127 – 130. Rahmayanti S, Purnakarya I. Peran makanan terhadap kejadian karies gigi. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2013; 7(2): 89 – 93.
Taylor PW, Hamilton-Miller JMT, Stapleton PD. Antimicrobial properties of green tea catechins. Food Sci. Technol. Bull. 2005; 2: 71 – 81.
Koech KR, Wachira FN, Ngure RM, Wanyoko JK, Bii CC, Karori SM. Antimicrobial, synergistic and antioxidant activities of tea polyphenols. Formatex 2013; 4: 971 – 981.
Araghizadeh A, Kohanteb J, Fani MM. Inhibitory activity of green tea (Camellia sinesis) extract on some clinically isolated cariogenic and periodontophatic bacteria. Med. Princ. Pract. 2013; 22: 368 – 372. Reygaert WC. The antimicrobial possibilities of green tea. Front Microbiol. 2014; 5: 434 – 444.
Tsai PJ, Tsai TH, Ho SC. In vitro inhibitory efffects of rosemary extract on growth and glucosyltransferase activity of Streptococcus sorbinus. Food Chem. 2007; 105: 311 – 316.
Kassim MJ, Hussin HM, Achmad A, Dahon NH, Suan TK, Hamdan HS. Determination of total phenol, condensed tannin, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of Uncaria gambir extracts. Majalah Farmasi Indonesia 2011; 22(1): 50 – 59.

Liantari DS. Effect of Wuluh starfruit leaf extract for Streptococcus mutans growth. J Majority. 2014; 3(7): 27 – 33.

Dewi SRP, Kamaluddin MT, Theodorus, Pambayun R. Anticariogenic effect of gambir (Uncaria gambir [Roxb.] extract on enamel tooth surface exposed by Streptococcus mutans. Int J Health Sci Res. 2016; 6(8): 171 – 179.

Moezazideh M. Anticariogenic effect of tea: a review literature. JDOH. 2013; 5(9): 89 – 91.

Baskar S. Role of green tea in dental problems. IJCRCPS. 2014; 4(1): 73 – 77.

Dwi RS, Ardita I, Dewi SRP. Antibacterial effect of gambir extract (Uncaria gambir [Roxb.]) to bacterial colonies in male rat Wistar strain. Proceedings of FDI-IDA Joint Meeting: 2016 11-12 Nov; Bandung, Indonesia.

Al-Hana DAA, El-Messairy AA, Shohayb FH, Alhadainy HA. Micro-shear bond strength of different composite and glass-ionomers used to reinforced root dentin. Tanta Dental Journal. 2013; 10: 58 – 66.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.17407