Popular Formulas in Sara Shepard's Pretty Little Liars

https://doi.org/10.22146/lexicon.v5i2.41624

Pratiwi Wiranti(1*), Rahmawan Jatmiko(2)

(1) English Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) English Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This study investigates the popular formulas found in Sara Shepard’s novel entitled Pretty Little Liars and examines how the popular formulas contributes to the success of the novel. In order to meet these objectives, this paper adopts the theory of popular genre and John G. Cawelti’s approach to popular formulas. This research is a library research where the primary data were obtained from the novel. Furthermore, other books related to popular formulas and online information from credible sources were also consulted. The results of the study show that the popular formulas in Pretty Little Liars include gothic romance, questioning sexuality, sibling rivalry, self-esteem issues, and forbidden love.

Keywords


Cawelti; popular formula; popular genre; Pretty Little Liars; Sara Shepard

Full Text:

127-138 PDF


References

Adi, I. R. (2011). Fiksi populer: Teori & metode kajian. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Pustaka Pelajar.

Bettelheim, B. (2011). “‘Cinderella’: A Story of sibling rivalry and Oedipal conflicts.” In L. Behrens and L. J. Rosens (Eds.), Writing and reading across the curriculum (11th ed.). Boston: Longman-Pearson, 651-657.

Bloom, C. (2002). Bestsellers: Popular Fiction since 1900 . New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Brevis, C. (2014). Taboo topics in fiction: The case of Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Cape Town: University of the Western Cape.

About the romance genre. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.rjeffers.com/romancegenre.pdf

Carlino, A. M. (2014). A different sort of normal: Critical analysis of five lesbian characters' coming-out narratives on contemporary television shows. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Rochester, NY: The Rochester Institute of Technology.

Cawelti, J. G. (1976). Adventure, mystery, and romance: Formula stories as art and popular culture. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Donatelle, A. (2014). Marketing post-feminism through social media: Fan identification and fashion on Pretty Little Liars. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.

Galope, A. (2016). #Pretty Little Liars: ABC family in TV's postnetwork era. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington.

Gunanathan, G. (2010). Media and its effects on self esteem. Smith College. Retrieved from https://www.smith.edu/health/bygirlsforgirls/media.html.

Hare, B. (2013). Sara Shepard spills 'Pretty' secrets. In CNN Entertainment. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/11/showbiz/celebrity-news-gossip/sara-shepard-pretty-little-liars/index.html.

Hinds, H. E., Motz, M. F. & Nelson, A. M. (2005). Popular culture theory and methodology: A basic introduction. Wisconsin: Popular Press.

Mahoney, K. (2017). Bible stories about sibling rivalry: And what we can learn from them. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.
com/bible-stories-about-sibling-rivalry-712735.

Kennedy, A. (2010). Sara Shepard finds success in 'Pretty Little Liars' series. Retrieved from http://lancasteronline.com/features/entertainment/sara-shepard-finds-success-in-pretty-little-liars-series/article_d7f26f2e-bdc6-5f9c-af4a-094fc730229c.html.

Nachbar, J. & Lause, K. (1992). Popular culture: An introductory text. Ohio: Bowling Green State University Popular Press.

Novita, C. (2008). An analysis of main characters through figurative languages in a Pretty Liars: Flawless by Sara Shepard. Unpublished undergraduate thesis. Jakarta: Binus University.

Mukundarajan, A. (2016). 11 popular novels that explore sibling relationships. Retrieved from https://notionpress.com/academy/11-popular-novels-that-explore-sibling-relationships/.

Pandansari, M. (2016). Moral values reflected through major character in Sara Shepard's Pretty Little Liars. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University.

Salinger, E. (2014). The tragic love story (part 1). Popuar Romance Project. Retrieved from http://popularromanceproject.org/wp-content/uploads/TheTragicLoveStory1.pdf.

Shepard, S. (2014). Pretty little liars: Pretty little liars and Flawless. New York: Harpenteen.

Shiralian, S. (2012). Romantic or wrong?: Ezra and Aria in “Pretty Little Liars”. Retrieved from https://femmagazine.com/ezra-and-aria-in-pretty-little-liars/.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/lexicon.v5i2.41624

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2463 | views : 6227

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2018 Pratiwi Wiranti, Rahmawan Jatmiko

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Lexicon Office

English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences,
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Soegondo Building, 3rd Floor, Room 306
Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55281
Telephone: +62 274 513096
Email: lexicon.fib@ugm.ac.id

ISSN: 2746-2668 (Online)

Web Analytics View Stats

Creative Commons License
LEXICON is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Lexicon is indexed in

 
About UsSubmissionIssuePoliciesReview
Editorial Team
Journal History
Contact
Author Guidelines
Article Submission
Account Registration
Current Issue
All Issues
Upcoming Issue
Privacy Statement
Open Access
Publication Ethics
Review Process
Peer Reviewers
Reviewer Guidelines