Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb
<p dir="ltr"><em>Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology (JTBB) </em>is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to the publication of novel research concerned with the advancement of tropical biology studies in the Southeast Asia Region. It publishes original research articles, short communication, and reviews on the following subjects:</p><ol><li>Studies on Biodiversity</li><li>Ecological Studies</li><li>Biotechnology</li></ol><p><a href="/jtbb/about/editorialPolicies#focusAndScope">View complete Focus & Scope</a></p>Universitas Gadjah Madaen-USJournal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology2540-9573<p dir="ltr"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Copyright and Attribution:</strong></span></p><p dir="ltr"><span>Copyright of published articles in </span><em>Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology</em><span> is held by the journal under Creative Commons Attribution (<strong>CC-BY-SA</strong>) copyright. The journal l</span><span>ets others distribute and copy the article, create extracts, abstracts, and other revised versions, adaptations or derivative works of or from an article (such as a translation), include in a collective work (such as an anthology), text or data mine the article, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit the author(s), do not represent the author as endorsing their adaptation of the article and do not modify the article in such a way as to damage the author's honor or reputation.</span></p><span><span><br /></span></span><p dir="ltr"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Permissions:</strong></span></p><p dir="ltr"><span>Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere and by other authors are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate of one of the authors.</span></p><span><span><br /></span></span><p dir="ltr"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Ethical matters:</span></strong></p><p dir="ltr"><span>Experiments with animals or involving human patients must have had prior approval from the appropriate ethics committee. A statement to this effect should be provided within the text at the appropriate place. Experiments involving plants or microorganisms taken from countries other than the authors’ own must have had the correct authorization for this exportation.</span></p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license"><img style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.<i>Plukenetia volubilis</i> L.: A New Record of a Cultivated Alien Species in Java
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/84523
<p><em>Plukenetia volubili</em>s L. has been documented as a new record for the first time in Java, Indonesia. The species is easily distinguished from the native species, <em>P. corniculata</em> Sm., by its exstipellate basilaminar-glands, long cylindrical column, and wingless fruit-lobes. <em>Plukenetia volubilis</em> is cultivated mainly in South America for its beneficial values as food and medicine and was recently introduced to Asia. However, its occurrence in Java has not been reported. We collected specimens from West Java (Depok City, Bandung Barat and Sumedang Regency) and East Java (Malang Regency). Morphological description, identification key, and photographs of the species are provided.</p>Alexander TianaraWindri HandayaniArifin Surya Dwipa IrsyamMuhammad Rifqi HaririAsih Perwita DewiPeniwidiyanti PeniwidiyantiMuhammad Hisyam BaidlowiDian RosleineMega Atria
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2024-01-222024-01-22918452310.22146/jtbb.84523Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of Tea’s Embryo Axis Explant Cultured on Murashige and Skoog Medium Containing 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/76451
<p><em>Camellia sinensis</em> L. is an important crop in Indonesia as healthy beverage that contains several secondary metabolism compounds, such as polyphenols and catechins. Tissue culture including somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis has been used for propagating plant for various needs. In this present short-communication, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of tea was conducted and discussed. This study aimed to investigate surface ultrastructure of TRI2025 embryo axis tea clone cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The results revealed two different forms of explant’s development, i.e. somatic embryo and transitional form between somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis; or called by “Globular-like Structure” (GLS). Surface ultrastructure analysis of somatic embryo and GLS revealed respectively many stages of somatic embryo development i.e. globular, torpedo, and cotyledon stage, and leaf development form GLS regeneration.</p><p> </p>Ratna Dewi EskundariTaryono TaryonoDidik IndradewaYekti Asih Purwestri
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2024-02-122024-02-12917645110.22146/jtbb.76451Occurrence of Cassava Lace Bug <i>Vatiga illudens</i> (Drake, 1922) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) in Bali, Indonesia
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/87438
<p>Cassava Lace Bugs (<em>CLB</em>) are native pest of cassava (<em>Manihot esculenta Crantz</em>, Euphorbiaceae) to the Neotropical Region, mainly in Brazil. On the other hand, East Java was the first region in Indonesia to record the presence of <em>CLB</em> in 2021, however, it has not been reported in other regions in Indonesia. Therefore, the very importance to recognise the occurrence of <em>CLB</em> in other regions in Indonesia. Based on this, the research has been carried out starting with a field survey, observing behaviour of insect in the field and identify morphologically in the laboratory. The survey results show that the infestation of <em>CLB</em> has been found in lowland, medium, and highland areas in Bali. Symptoms of infestation on the upper leaf surface are small yellow spots with brownish variations. Based on the identification key, <em>CLB</em> from Bali Indonesia, shows a characteristic of a head with a pair of frontal spines. Based on this evidence, the <em>CLB</em> insect can be identified as <em>Vatiga illudens</em> (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae). It is the first report of novel distribution areas for<em> V. illudens</em> in Bali, Indonesia. The results of this research are important because<em> V. illudens</em> is one of the main pests of cassava.</p><p> </p>I Putu SudiartaShah Mahapati DinarkayaKomang Saraswati DeviI Putu Bawa AriyantaGusti Ngurah Alit Susanta WiryaDwi SugiartaDewa Gede Wiryangga SelanggaI Wayan Diksa GargitaPutu Perdana Kusuma WigunaKetut Ayu YuliadhiPutu Shinta Devi
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2024-02-232024-02-23918743810.22146/jtbb.87438Intraspecific Variability and Phenetic Relationships of <i>Centella Asiatica</i> (L.) Urb. Accessions from Central Java Based on Morphological Characters’
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/86477
<p><em>Centella asiatica</em> (L.) Urb. is a plant species native to Java and one of the main basic materials in traditional and modern medicine. This study is the first to report the intraspecific variation and taxonomic relationships of <em>C. asiatica</em> accession from natural populations in Central Java. The purpose of this study was to reveal phenotypic variations of <em>C. asiatica</em> populations and to asses phenetic relationships based on morphological characters. Thirty-two accessions of <em>C. asiatica</em> were collected from natural populations from eight mountains in Central Java. Observation on vegetative organs resulted in 25 morphological characters as a basis for assessing phenetic relationships using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Result of cluster analysis showed that the grouping of accessions was not correlated to the localities from where the samples were collected, although there was a tendency that accessions from the same localities grouped in one cluster. The results of this study confirmed the existence of intraspecies morphological variability in <em>C. asiatica</em> which was not affected by geographical aspects. Results of principal component analysis indicated that the grouping of accessions was mainly determined by similarities in petiole color, stolon color, leaf margin, petiole length, stolon length, and leaf color. Given that the characters contributing to the grouping of accessions were mainly qualitative characters, the results indicated a genetic basis underlying phenotypic variations of <em>C. asiatica</em> accession. </p><p> </p>Anshary MaruzyRatna Susandarini
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2024-03-012024-03-01918647710.22146/jtbb.86477Basidiomycota Macrofungal Communities Across Four Altitudinal Ranges in Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park, Indonesia
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/87309
<p>The influence of elevation gradient has been investigated across different taxa. However, such studies are scarce for macrofungal communities. This study examined the community structure of Basidiomycota macrofungi across four elevations in Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park, Indonesia. Macrofungi were collected from randomly placed five 10 x 10 m plots at each altitude and identified at the genus level. The results showed that there were 32 genera belonging to 20 families. The NMDS ordination and ANOSIM confirmed that macrofungal composition and abundance do not differ between the studied altitudinal ranges.</p><p> </p>Natasya Adelia HarunIrwan LovadiRahmawati RahmawatiDidin Joharudin
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2024-03-182024-03-18918730910.22146/jtbb.87309Isolation and Characterization of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from Upland Rice Cultivation Areas in Bangka Regency
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/84500
<p>The availability of phosphorus (P) in ultisol acid soils presents a significant challenge due to its attachment to aluminum (Al) or iron (Fe) compounds. A potential solution to address this issue is the utilization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the potential of PSB originating from upland rice cultivation on ultisol soils. The bacterial isolates were obtained from soil samples taken from the rhizosphere area and root tissue of upland rice plants cultivated in Payabenua and Saing Villages, Bangka Regency. The pathogenicity testing encompassed hypersensitivity and hemolysis tests, while the P solubilization included the evaluation of the phosphate solubilizing index (PSI) and P dissolution. Subsequently, the selected isolates were subjected to phosphatase enzyme and organic acid content assessment. The results showed a total of 120 isolates, predominantly distributed in the Payabenua area and primarily consisting of endophytic bacteria. Among the six selected isolates, genus <em>Burkholderia</em> dominated four isolates, while the remaining isolates belonged to genus <em>Serratia</em>. Furthermore, in <em>Burkholderia</em> <em>vietnamiensis</em>, the solubility value of P in AlPO<sub>4</sub> and Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> liquid media exhibited a range of 0.0013 to 0.0344% and 0.0008 to 0.1842%, respectively.</p><p> </p>Kartika KartikaAbdul MunifEndah Retno PalupiSatriyas IlyasMuhamad Rahmad Suhartanto
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2024-01-052024-01-05918450010.22146/jtbb.84500Chrysin Inhibits Indonesian Serotype Foot-and-Mouth-Disease Virus Replication: Insights from DFT, Molecular Docking and Dynamics Analyses
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/83140
<p>Chrysin, a predominant compound in Propolis, possesses diverse bioactivities, including antiviral properties. However, its antiviral efficacy against the Indonesian Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) serotype remains unexplored. This study investigates Chrysin's inhibitory potential against FMDV Indonesian serotype by targeting the 3C Protease (3CP), a vital enzyme for viral replication. Multiple sequence alignment was used to reveal unique characteristics of the Indonesian serotype's 3CP compared to global serotypes. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations assessed Chrysin's interaction with 3CP based on electronegativity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics analyses evaluated Chrysin's inhibitory activity against 3CP, using homology modeling for the Indonesian serotype's 3CP structure. Luteolin, a known FMDV 3CP inhibitor with a similar structure to Chrysin, served as a reference. Results showed distinct 3CP sequences in the Indonesian serotype compared to O serotypes and others. Chrysin exhibited potential electron-donor activity with lower HOMO and LUMO values than Luteolin, but they had similar energy gaps, i.e., 4.016 and 4.044 eV, respectively. Molecular docking indicated similar binding affinities, with Chrysin (-6.365 kcal/mol) and Luteolin (-6.864 kcal/mol) bound to active site residues. Molecular dynamics analysis demonstrated stable 3CP-Chrysin and 3CP-Luteolin complexes, with minor differences in Radius of gyration (Rg) and Root-Mean-Square Fluctuation (RMSF) below 1 Å. From the ligand stability point of view, Chrysin had comparable stability with Luteolin. However, Chrysin formed fewer hydrogen bonds and displayed greater free-binding energy than Luteolin during simulation periods. These findings suggest that Chrysin holds promise as an inhibitor of the Indonesian serotype's FMDV 3C Protease.</p><p> </p>Agus SusiloMiftakhul CahyatiNurjannah NurjannahDodyk PranowoFeri Eko HermantoElma Putri Primandasari
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2024-01-082024-01-08918314010.22146/jtbb.83140Therapeutic Effects of BRC Functional Food from Indonesian Black Rice on Body Weight and Haematological Parameters in Obese Rats
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/85847
<p>Obesity increases the risk of various diseases. Black rice, renowned for its high anthocyanin content, is considered a potential functional food for preventing metabolic disorders. The current study investigated the effects of black rice crunch (BRC) on body weight and haematological profiles in obese rats. Rats were fed with high-fat diet to induce obesity and supplemented with different concentrations of BRC for 4 and 8 weeks. The results showed that high-fat diet effectively induced obesity, as evidenced by significant increase in body weight. Importantly, 75% BRC supplementation resulted in significant weight reduction in obese rats. Further analysis revealed an increase in erythrocyte numbers in obese groups supplemented with 75% BRC, but no significant changes in haemoglobin concentration or haematocrit percentage. Further investigation showed that 75% BRC led to a decrease in mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), potentially affecting the size and concentration of haemoglobin within erythrocytes. The total leucocytes count increased with the high-fat diet, while BRC supplementation alone did not have significant impact. Lymphocyte percentage remained stable across the groups, indicating minimal influence of the dietary interventions. Neutrophil percentage varied initially but was not specific to BRC or the high-fat diet. Platelet count and distribution width were not significantly influenced, but mean platelet volume (MPV) increased after 8 weeks of BRC treatment, suggesting larger platelet sizes associated with obesity. Overall, the study provides important insights into the effects of BRC supplementation on body weight and haematological parameters related to obesity.</p><p> </p>Fajar SofyantoroAdi Mazdi SyamBaik Aisyah AdaniaMuhammad Fikri AlmunawarNurlita Putri Bela NasutionRheina Faticha Asyamsa HidayatMade Bagus Auriva MataramChesa Ekani MaharesiSeptika NurhidayahYekti Asih PurwestriArdaning NurilianiLisna HidayatiRarastoeti Pratiwi
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2024-01-122024-01-12918584710.22146/jtbb.85847Unravelling The Diversity of Cherry Tomato (<i>Solanum Lycopersicum</i> Var. <i>Cerasiforme</i>) Seed Microbes and Their Effect on Seed Health
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/84919
<p>Healthy seeds are the foundation of healthy plants. Planting healthy seeds contributes to securing crop productivity and seed germplasm conservation. In this study, we have identified microbes associated with seeds of three cherry tomato genotypes and demonstrated their negative effect on general seed health. Through a combined morpho-cultural and molecular characterisation (using multi-loci analysis of the ITS, β-tubulin, tef1α, and gapdh gene regions for fungi and 16s rDNA for bacteria), we have identified three fungi (<em>Nigrospora sphaerica</em>, <em>N. lacticolonia</em>, and <em>Curvularia aeria</em>), and two bacteria (<em>Citrobacter freundii</em>, and <em>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</em>) from healthy-looking tomato seeds. These fungi and bacteria, through seed-soaked-inoculation, caused seed discoloration, lesions, and low germination. To our knowledge, these are the first reports of <em>Nigrospora sphaerica</em>, <em>N. lacticolonia</em>, <em>Curvularia aeria</em>, <em>Citrobacter freundii</em>, and <em>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</em> on tomato seeds and demonstrated their negative impact on seed health. Seed treatment and interventions are needed to negate the possible effect of these microbes. Future studies on possible seed transmission are warranted.</p><p> </p>Herbert Dustin AumentadoJennelyn BengoaMark Angelo Balendres
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2024-01-152024-01-15918491910.22146/jtbb.84919The Growth Response of Rendeu (<i>Staurogyne elongata</i> (Neese) Kuntze) to Shoot Pruning and Its Propagation by Shoot Cutting
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/77078
<p>Rendeu (<em>Staurogyne elongata</em> (Neese) Kuntze) is a native Indonesian plant used as food and traditional medicine in the daily life of the people residing around Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park. Due to the potential source of herbal-based medicines and traditional food in the long-run purposes, the proper method of its propagation is required, so that Rendeu can be conserved and utilised sustainably. This study employed two research designs. First, a completely randomized design with pruning and IAA (indole-3 acetic acid) treatment was used for seedling growths. Second, plant propagation applied a factorial randomized block design: planting media types and plant growth regulator (PGR) (rootone F) treatment. Observation included the number of buds, number of leaves, number of flowers, plant biomass, root length, and relative chlorophyll content using the SPAD tool. The data were analysed using ANOVA (SPSS ver. 17.0), followed by Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed that applying IAA and leaf pruning could increase the number of buds, the number of leaves and the fresh weight of <em>S. elongata</em> plants compared to the control plant. The addition of rootone increased the growth of Rendeu shoot cuttings, shown in all growth parameters and chlorophyll content. Humus was the best media for Rendeu’s growth among all planting medium. Planting media affected the increase in the number of leaves and the number of buds of <em>S. elongata</em> significantly. The interaction of planting media and PGR somewhat influenced root length and total leaf chlorophyll. The growth and production of <em>S. elongata</em> increased with the time of planting.</p><p> </p>Intani Quarta LailatySri AstutikMuhammad Imam Surya
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2024-01-192024-01-19917707810.22146/jtbb.77078Astaxanthin Production from Green Microalga <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> under Various Bean Sprout Media Concentrations and Duration of UV Radiations
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/73763
<p>Astaxanthin (AX) is known as a very strong antioxidant and has been utilised in many kinds of products such as foods, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, aquaculture, etc. One of the natural resources of AX is <em>Haematococcus pluvialis</em> which has been investigated by some researchers in order to enhance the AX production. However, the production of AX from the microalgae is still costly, hence, this present research is proposing low-cost methods namely bean sprout media (BSM) as an alternative growth media and UV radiation. The variations of BSM concentrations (2, 4, and 6 %) and times of UV radiation (1.5 and 3 hrs) were treated to <em>H. pluvialis</em> in laboratory conditions. BSM 4 % treatment showed an optimum growth of the microalga at 427 x 10<sup>4</sup> cell/ml (day 8) which also exhibited macrozooid, palmella, and aplanosore phases. UV radiation for 3 hr revealed that the concentration of AX production was as much as 17.37±0.04 mg/l. The research results were potential to be developed further in order to discover better and cheaper methods for scaling up AX production.</p><p> </p>Biaggi Rakhmat Rheinan HaryBoy Rahardjo SidhartaInes Septi Arsiningtyas
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2024-01-262024-01-26917376310.22146/jtbb.73763Diversity of Santigi (<i>Pemphis acidula</i> J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.), A Mangrove Association in Tomini Bay, Sulawesi, Indonesia
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/83889
<p><em>Pemphis acidula</em> is a wild plant in rocky or sandy coastal areas and mangrove ecosystems. Different geographic characteristics may affect plant adaptability and have an impact on the emergence of various genotypes. This study was performed to reveal the phenetic relationship and genetic variation of <em>P. acidula</em> in 3 different areas in Tomini Bay, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. We took 3 samples from each location and analysed them using 14 morphological characters and molecular approaches based on ISSR markers and ITS gene. The results showed that <em>P. acidula</em> on Olele had bigger sizes in some morphological features compared to the plants in other study areas. The phenetic analysis showed that <em>P. acidula</em> at Biluhu and Dulanga were more closely related, although <em>P. acidula</em> at the 3 locations had 100% similarity. Genetic variation analysis showed the highest genetic similarity based on ISSR markers was found in Dulanga and Biluhu samples (76.8%). Phylogenetic based on ITS gene revealed that Olele samples were in the same clade with <em>P. acidula</em> accession from GenBank (genetic distance 0-0.19%), while Biluhu samples were a sister group (genetic distance 24.97-25.03%) even though their percentage identity corresponds to<em> P. acidula</em> (81.34%). Plant adaptation to different habitat conditions may affect the genetic diversity of <em>P. acidula</em>.</p><p> </p>Dewi Wahyuni K. BaderanSukirman RahimMelisnawati H. AngioMuh. Nur AkbarMagfirahtul JannahYuliana RetnowatiRamli Utina
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2024-01-292024-01-29918388910.22146/jtbb.83889Safety Assessment of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> G8 Isolated from Natto for Food Application
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/87079
<p>Various bacteria are widely used as food-fermenting agents, including <em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Bifidobacterium</em>, and <em>Bacillus</em>. Despite they are generally recognized as safe to be consumed by humans, those bacteria could potentially cause antibiotic resistance as they could acquire and transfer antibiotic resistance genes from or to other microbes within the human gastrointestinal tract. Profiling antibiotic resistance pattern in those bacteria is therefore important to control the spread of antibiotic resistance. In this study, antibiotic resistance profile of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> G8 was assessed. <em>B. subtilis</em> G8 had been isolated from commercialised Japanese natto in Indonesia and had been previously reported for its fibrinolytic characteristics. The antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype of<em> B. subtilis</em> G8 were assessed through the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and whole-genome analysis, respectively. <em>B. subtilis</em> G8 exhibited resistance towards Oxacillin, Lincomycin and Tiamulin-Lefamulin. The bioinformatics analysis indicated several responsible genes mediating those resistance, i.e., <em>ybxI</em> (for Oxacillin), <em>lmrB</em> (for Lincomycin) and <em>vmlR</em> (for Lincomycin and Tiamulin-Lefamulin). All identified genes were found in the chromosomal DNA. Further analysis found no mobile genetic elements within the genome, therefore reducing a risk of resistance gene transfer via plasmid and subsequently supporting safety profile of <em>B. subtilis</em> G8 in food fermentation usage.</p>Nathania Calista PutriHans VictorVivian LitantoReinhard PinontoanJuandy Jo
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2024-02-022024-02-02918707910.22146/jtbb.87079Lead (Pb)-Resistant Bacteria Improve <i>Brassica chinensis</i> Biomass and Reduce Pb Concentration in Pb-Contaminated Soil
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/86174
<p>Applications of inorganic fertilisers and pesticides frequently increase lead (Pb) content in the soil and food crops. This study aims to isolate Pb-resistant bacteria and test the isolated bacteria in reducing Pb concentration and increasing biomass production of <em>Brassica chinensis</em> on Pb-contaminated soil. Soil and plant samples were collected from agricultural land in Batu City, East Java, Indonesia. The isolated bacteria were tested for Pb resistance and then characterised according to 16S rRNA Sequence. A pot trial with a completely randomised block design consisting of 9 treatments and 3 replications was set to determine the effect of Pb-resistant bacteria inoculation on Pb residue, plant growth, and soil nutrients. The result showed that the isolated Pb-resistant bacteria were <em>Bacillus wiedmannii</em> and <em>Bacillus altitudinis</em>. The bacteria were resistant to Pb up to 10,000 mg/L PbNO<sub>3</sub>. Inoculation of the bacteria increased <em>B. chinensis</em> growth and biomass production, namely increasing the number of leaves (12%) and dry weight (35%). Also, the bacteria reduced Pb residue in the soil by up to 88%. Moreover, soil essential nutrients such as total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium increased (12%, 73%, and 200%, respectively) after the application of Pb-resistant bacteria. The bacteria have the potential for bioremediation of Pb-contaminated soils on a large scale due to the bacteria prevent Pb uptake by food crops such as <em>B. chinensis</em> by reducing Pb content in the soil, which is good for food safety and environmental sustainability.</p><p> </p>Beauty Laras Setia PertiwiReni UstiatikYulia Nuraini
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2024-02-052024-02-05918617410.22146/jtbb.86174Identifying Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in <i>OsFER1</i> and <i>OsFER2</i> Genes Linked to Iron accumulation in Pigmented Indonesian Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/78019
<p>Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for the well-being of plants, animals, and bacteria. In plants, iron plays a pivotal role in a myriad of metabolic processes, encompassing redox reaction, photosynthesis, respiration, chlorophyll synthesis, and nitrogen fixation. For humans, iron is indespensable for several metabolic functions, particularly in the synthesis of haemoglobin. Iron deficiency can lead to health issues on a global scale, therefore identifying key crops, such as rice for providing sufficient iron in diet intake is very important. In rice, the maintenance of iron homeostasis is orchestrated by various genes, with <em>OsFER1</em> and <em>OsFER2</em> acting as iron accumulator genes in leaves, stems, flowers, and grains. The primary objective of this study was to ascertain the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the<em> OsFER1</em> and <em>OsFER2</em> and to assess the iron content in Indonesian local rice cultivars. To achieve this, we examined partial sequences of <em>OsFER1</em> and <em>OsFER2</em> to identify SNPs in the Indonesian rice cultivars used (Cempo Ireng, Pari Ireng, Hitam Kalsel, Merah Pari Eja, and Ciherang). Concurrently, the iron content in the seeds was quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The analysis revealed that the <em>OsFER1</em> gene sequence, specifically exon 5, exhibited a SNP in the form of a transition. In contrast, the <em>OsFER2</em> gene sequences, specifically in intron 2 displayed SNPs in the form of insertions. Notably, the iron content in the seeds was highest in Cempo Ireng (black rice), while it was lowest in Merah Pari Eja (red rice) and Ciherang (non-pigmented rice). Importantly, the identified SNPs in these partial gene sequences did not exert any discernible influence on iron levels or the formation of ferritin protein.</p><p> </p>Apriliana PratiwiRizka Fahma BassalamahI Sabila ElvaniAlfino SebastianYekti Asih Purwestri
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2024-02-192024-02-19917801910.22146/jtbb.78019Growth Kinetic Modelling of Efficient <i>Anabaena</i> sp. Bioflocculation
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/82196
<p>Bioflocculation is a harvesting technique that employs flocculant agents such as bacteria and microalgae. The benefit is the absence of a chemical-added flocculant. Because bacteria need a particular medium, microalgae flocculant agents are more effective. This study used <em>Anabaena</em> sp. to collect fat, protein, and carbohydrates from the Glagah consortium. Three replications of those microalgae were grown in 300 ml of Bold Basal Medium culture for eight days. On the day of harvest, flocculant microalgae (<em>Anabaena</em> sp.) and non-flocculant microalgae (Glagah) were combined to accomplish flocculation. On the day of harvest, parameters were observed by combining<em> Anabaena</em> sp. with the Glagah consortium in the ratios 1: 1, 0.5: 1, and 0.25: 1. There were three times of each parameter test. Utilizing a wavelength of 750 nm, the proportion of precipitation was calculated spectrophotometrically. Bligh and Dyer were used to measure the lipids. The phenol sulfate technique was used to calculate the amount of carbohydrates. By employing the Bradford method, proteins were quantified. Biofocculation percentages and carbohydrate content were optimum on a ratio of 0.25:1. Lipid and protein content were optimum on a ratio of 1:1.</p>Amalia RahmawatiIrma RohmawatiIstini NurafifahBrilian Ryan SadewoEko Agus Suyono
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2024-02-262024-02-26918219610.22146/jtbb.82196Hesperitin Synergistically Promotes the Senescence Induction of Pentagamavunone-1 in Luminal Breast Cancer Cells, T47D
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/88238
<p>Pentagamavunone-1 (PGV-1), a curcumin analog, is a promising anticancer candidate for several cancers that have been proven <em>in vitro</em> and<em> in vivo</em>. However, the efficacy of PGV-1 against breast cancer is subject to improvement to achieve a more suitable application. Here we propose hesperitin, a citrus flavonoid, to increase the anticancer potency of PGV-1 in luminal breast cancer cells. We use the T47D cell as the model to investigate the effect of co-administration of PGV-1 and hesperitin on cell cycle block, apoptosis modulation, and senescence phenomena. PGV-1 and hesperitin showed strong and weak cytotoxicity with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 2 µM and 100 µM, respectively. The co-treatment of PGV-1 and hesperitin resulted in strong synergistic effects with combination index (CI) value of ≤ 0.2. This combination caused apoptosis in correlation with cell cycle disruption in G2/M phase at 48 h. In particular, PGV-1 and hesperitin combination increased the incidence of cellular senescence significantly higher than the single treatment. Despite its senescence potentiation, hesperitin did not induce senescence in normal cells. Taken together, hesperitin may increase the anticancer potency of PGV-1 by modulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via the senescence mechanism.</p><p> </p>Fauziah Novita Putri RifaiMila HanifaUmmi Maryam ZulfinMuthi IkawatiEdy Meiyanto
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2024-03-042024-03-04918823810.22146/jtbb.88238First Report on Wild Occurrences of Phoenix Mushroom (<i>Pleurotus pulmonarius</i> Fr. Quél.) in Indonesia
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/86455
<p>The genus <em>Pleurotus</em> is known as a commercially important mushroom and one of the most well-known cultivated mushrooms worldwide. Of many species of Pleurotus, the phoenix mushroom (<em>P. pulmonarius</em>) is cultivated in many countries, including Indonesia. In Indonesia, the farmers and larger companies usually use commercial strains of phoenix mushroom which they purchased from other countries. To date, there was no prior information regarding wild occurrences of <em>P. pulmonarius</em> in Indonesia. During our regular mushroom hunting in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia, some edible wild fruiting bodies of light brown <em>Pleurotus</em> were collected. The current study aimed to determine the taxonomical position of our specimens based on morphological and molecular evidence. The combination of morphological and molecular analysis confirmed our specimens as<em> P. pulnonarius</em>. Morphologically, our specimens were distinguished by the small to medium sized fruiting bodies, pileus light brown, pinkish brown, to pale brown, flabelliform in the beginning to expanding broadly ovoid in maturity, lamellae shortly to deeply decurrent, stipe fleshy, eccentric to lateral, concolorous with lamellae, Basidiospores cylindrical to ellipsoid, basidia clavate to club shaped, basidioles are abundant, oleiferous hyphae common. The BLAST result revealed that our specimens posed a high similarity to <em>P. pulnonarius</em> from several countries as the top hits. The ITS phylogenetic tree placed Pleurotus FIPIA-DEP51 in the same clade of<em> P. pulnonarius</em> with 100% BS value. This study reports for the first time the wild occurences of <em>P. pulmonarius</em> in Indonesia. Future study should be done to characterize the cultures of reported mushroom which can potentially be the local strain for cultivation of <em>P. pulmonarius</em> industry in Indonesia.</p><p> </p>Ivan Permana PutraOktan Dwi NurhayatMada Triandala SiberoRudy Hermawan
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2024-03-082024-03-08918645510.22146/jtbb.86455Nannoplankton Biostratigraphy from Banggai-Sula Basin, Central Sulawesi
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/85308
<p>The nannoplankton research was conducted in the MH-2 well, Banggai-Sula Basin, Central Sulawesi. Thirty-four ditch-cutting samples were utilized to observe the Minahaki, Kintom, and Biak Formations. Age determination was carried out using biostratigraphy method and standard procedure for first and last occurrence of nannoplankton biodatum and had an absolute age, widely known as a zone indicator. This study aims to determine the age and nannoplankton biozonation of each geological formation in Banggai-Sula Basin. Based on the biostratigraphic analysis, 39 species from 14 genera with abundance frequencies ranging from rare to abundant were found in the MH-2 well. In this study, new results of the age of Banggai-Sula Basin areMiddle Miocene – Early Middle Pliocene (13,706 – 3,727 Ma), and can identify into six calcareous nannoplankton zones that are more detailed than previous researchers, <em>Discoaster signus</em> zone (NN5), <em>Discoaster exilis</em> zone (NN6-NN7), <em>Discoaster berggrenii</em> zone (NN11), <em>Ceratolithus acustus</em> zone (NN12),<em> Helicosphaera sellii</em> zone (NN13-NN15), and the <em>Discoaster tamalis</em> zone (NN16). Biostratigraphic data also shows new information for the first time, the absence of three zones from zone NN8 to zone NN10. This result indicates an unconformity in the Late Miocene age (10.606–8.20 Ma).</p><p> </p>Efrilia Mahdilah NurhidayahAkmaluddin AkmaluddinDidit Hadi BariantoSalahuddin HuseinAsep Saripudin
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2024-03-112024-03-11918530810.22146/jtbb.85308Spatial Modelling Habitat Suitability of Javan Langur (<i>Trachypithecus auratus</i> É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS), East Java
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/76841
<p>Javan Langur (<em>T. auratus</em>) is well-known as one of endemic primates from Java, Bali and Lombok Islands. The activities of land clearing, vegetation conversing, wild hunting and illegal wildlife trading are the main causes of the extinction of the Javan Langur. It can be used as an important issue for conservation action by making prediction maps of suitable habitat potential, especially for species facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. We were documenting an information about potential habitat for Javan langur using spatial suitability model in order to provide rigorous information as the basis for conservation activities of Javan langur in TNBTS. We used Landsat-8 TM image and geospatial data to support analysis as a representative of environmental parameters in order to develop the habitat model. We were using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm refers to Javan langur presence or absence. The results showed that the suitability of the Javan langur habitat in TNBTS has an excellent model accuracy level with an AUC (Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics) value of 0.964 and a standard deviation of 0.961. Parameters with the highest response values here are elevation, NDVI (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index) and temperatures.</p><p> </p>Ari Nadya NingtyasNirmala Ayu AryantiTander Scila Serata Dwi SusiloMahmuddin RahmadanaIka Yuni Agustin
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2024-03-152024-03-15917684110.22146/jtbb.76841A Mini Review on Analysis of Potential Antibacterial Activity of Symbiotic Bacteria from Indonesian Freshwater Sponge: An Unexplored and A Hidden Potency
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/82682
<p>Marine sponges have been investigated as potential bioresources because of their symbiotic relationship with microbes such as Actinobacteria that produce antibacterial substances. In contrast, a group of sponges, that inhabits freshwater environments called freshwater sponges (Order Spongillida Manconi & Pronzato, 2002) and consists of only one percent among all of the sponges’ species (Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836), has not yet intensively examined. For this reason, we screened, determined, evaluated, and reviewed by examining several databases in Scopus, Pub Med, and Google Scholar related to potential aspects of symbiotic bacteria and their antibacterial substances that can be further utilised and developed into synthesised antibacterial compounds, based on published metagenomic data of symbiotic bacteria in freshwater sponges. At the same time, we compared a composition of those freshwater symbionts to marine sponges’ symbionts whether those possess a similar composition or not. Moreover, a current report and a revisit study of freshwater sponges in East Java, initiate further direction on mapping of those symbiotic bacteria from Indonesia that can be nominated as potential groups possessing antibacterial properties.</p><p> </p>Edwin SetiawanMichael Einstein HermantoNurlita AbdulganiEndry Nugroho PrasetyoCatur RianiDyah WulandariAnto Budiharjo
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2024-01-032024-01-03918268210.22146/jtbb.82682Lessons from the Mass Production of Wolbachia-infected <i>Aedes aegypti</i> for Egg Release in the Sleman and Bantul Districts of Yogyakarta
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/84753
<p>An efficacy study on <em>w</em>Mel Wolbachia-infected <em>Aedes aegypti</em> technology conducted by the World Mosquito Program (WMP) Yogyakarta showed the reducing of dengue incidence in Yogyakarta City. Following this successful result, the intervention was scaled up into two neighbouring districts: Sleman and Bantul. This paper describes our experience in mass production for providing release material for a larger area to reach the deployment target, which includes insectary requirements, mass production protocols, and diagnostic screening. This review may serve as a reference guidance for national mass production for <em>w</em>Mel Wolbachia-infected <em>Ae. aegypti</em>. </p><p> </p>Iva FitrianaIndah NurhayatiBudi AriantoDefriana Lutfi ChusnaifahIndira Diah UtamiNabhela Ayu PurwaningrumUtari SaraswatiEndah SupriyatiAdi UtariniRiris Andono AhmadCitra IndrianiEggi ArguniWarsito Tantowijoyo
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2024-02-092024-02-09918475310.22146/jtbb.84753Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Microorganisms from Orchids for A Sustainable Agriculture
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jtbb/article/view/74403
<p>Conventional agriculture practice has heavily relied on chemical fertilizers to increase crop yield. However, long-term application of chemical fertilizers carries tremendous negative impact on the environment and is unsustainable. Hence, the search for an alternative source of fertilizers is required. Orchids are flowers and can be found in tropical countries. The growth and development of orchids are closely tied to the presence of plant growth promoting endophytic microorganisms (PGPM). PGPM harbours various beneficial traits such as potassium and phosphorus solubilization and indole acetic acid and siderophore production which enhance and support plant growth and development. This review article showed that PGPM isolated from orchids could be utilized in conventional agriculture to reduce dependency on chemical fertilizer.</p><p> </p>Lucky Poh Wah GohBenardette Lyovine JaisiRoslina JawanJualang Azlan Gansau
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2024-02-162024-02-16917440310.22146/jtbb.74403