Efek Campuran Ekstrak Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) dan Temuputih (Curcuma zedoaria) terhadap Toksisitas Akut pada Embrio Ikan Zebra

Kusdiantoro Mohamad; Nursela Sofyanti Mirza Aryani; Wahono Esthi Prasetyaningtyas; Gustini Syahbirin

doi:10.22146/jsv.94142

Efek Campuran Ekstrak Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) dan Temuputih (Curcuma zedoaria) terhadap Toksisitas Akut pada Embrio Ikan Zebra

https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.94142

Kusdiantoro Mohamad^(1*), Nursela Sofyanti Mirza Aryani⁽²⁾, Wahono Esthi Prasetyaningtyas⁽³⁾, Gustini Syahbirin⁽⁴⁾

(1) Divisi Anatomi, Histologi dan Embriologi, Sekolah Kedokteran Hewan dan Biomedis, IPB University, Bogor
(2) Program Studi Kedokteran Hewan, Sekolah Kedokteran Hewan dan Biomedis, IPB University, Bogor
(3) Divisi Anatomi, Histologi dan Embriologi, Sekolah Kedokteran Hewan dan Biomedis, IPB University, Bogor
(4) Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, IPB University, Bogor
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) dan temuputih (Curcuma zedoaria) termasuk tanaman herbal yang mempunyai potensi sebagai antitumor dan antikanker. Beberapa obat antikanker dan ekstrak herbal telah dilaporkan memiliki toksisitas yang tinggi dan menyebabkan malformasi pada embrio ikan zebra (Danio rerio). Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan toksisitas ekstrak etanol C. xanthorrhiza, C. zedoaria, dan campurannya (rasio 1:6) terhadap embrio ikan zebra. Rimpang C. xanthorrhiza dan C. zedoaria diekstrak dengan cara maserasi dalam etanol 80%. Ekstrak diuji toksisitas akut dengan embrio ikan zebra menggunakan metode OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals No. 236 (2013). Nilai lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) campuran ekstrak adalah 82.9 ppm, berada di antara nilai LC₅₀ masing-masing ekstrak (16.9 untuk C. xanthorrhiza dan 112.1 untuk C. zedoaria). Tingkat menetas embrio rendah pada ekstrak C. xanthorrhiza tetapi tinggi pada ekstrak C. zedoaria dan ekstrak campuran. Kelainan notokorda dan edema kantong kuning telur tinggi pada ekstrak C. xanthorrhiza tetapi rendah pada ekstrak C. zedoaria dan ekstrak campuran. Kelainan sirkulasi darah rendah pada ekstrak C. zedoaria tetapi tinggi pada ekstrak campuran. Edema perikardium dan koagulasi darah merupakan malformasi mayor pada semua ekstrak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa campuran ekstrak etanol temulawak dan temuputih menyebabkan malformasi edema perikardium, koagulasi darah, dan secara sinergis menghambat sirkulasi darah, yang berkaitan dengan potensi antikanker. Selain itu, ekstrak campuran dapat menurunkan hambatan menetas, malformasi notokorda, dan edema kantong kuning telur.

Keywords

acute toxicity; Curcuma xanthorrhiza; Curcuma zedoaria; LC50; zebrafish embryo

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.94142