Virulence Characteristic of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) Isolates

Sruti Listra Adrenalin; Lynda Nugrahaning Imanjati; Ima Fauziah; Vinsa Cantya Prakasita3; Sitarina Widyarini; Agnesia Endang Trihastuti Wahyuni

doi:10.22146/jsv.57368

Virulence Characteristic of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) Isolates

https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.57368

Sruti Listra Adrenalin^(1*), Lynda Nugrahaning Imanjati⁽²⁾, Ima Fauziah⁽³⁾, Vinsa Cantya Prakasita3⁽⁴⁾, Sitarina Widyarini⁽⁵⁾, Agnesia Endang Trihastuti Wahyuni⁽⁶⁾

(1) Department of Microbiology and Imunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang
(2) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(4) Department Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Duta Wacana Christian University, Yogyakarta
(5) Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(6) Department of Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) merupakan penyebab kolibasilosis pada unggas, salah satu penyakit pernapasan yang menyebabkan permasalahan yang serius di industri perunggasan. APEC dapat mengakibatkan tingginya jumlah kematian dan angka afkir, penurunan produksi, dan tingginya biaya pengobatan. Manifestasi kolibasilosis yang biasa terjadi adalah airsacculitis, perihepatitis, dan perikarditis. Serotipe APEC yang banyak diidentifikasi di lapangan adalah O1K1, O2K1, dan O78K80. Embryo lethality assay (ELA) adalah salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui virulensi serotipe APEC. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik virulensi isolat APEC berbagai serotipe. Lima isolat APEC serotipe O1K1, O2K1, O78K80, O157H7, dan unknown serotype digunakan untuk pengujian virulensi dengan menginokulasikan bakteri ke dalam cairan alantois telur ayam berembrio spesific pathogenic free (TAB SPF) umur 12 hari. Masingmasing serotipe dibutuhkan telur sebanyak 10_butir, dengan dosis bakteri 100-500 CFU/ 0.1 ml. Candling dilakukan setiap hari, sampai umur embrio 18 hari, untuk menentukan jumlah kematian dan perubahan lesi patologi. Setelah diamati selama 6 hari, persentase TAB yang mati setelah diinokulasi dengan APEC serotipe O1K1, O2K1, unknown serotype adalah 100% (10/10), serotipe O78K80 90% (9/10), dan serotipe O157H7 70% (70%). Seluruh ayam yang mati mengalami lesi patologi adanya hemoragi daerah kranial dan ektremitas. Seluruh isolat E. coli dalam penelitian ini memiliki virulensi tinggi.

Keywords

avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC); serotipe E. coli; virulensi; embryo lethality assay

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abbot, S.L., O’Connor, J., Robin, T., Zimmer, B.L., Janda, J.M. (2003). Biochemical Properties of a Newly Described Escherichia Species, Escherichia albertii. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41: 4852-4854.

Ahmed, H.A., Ali A.H.M., Baky M.H.A. (2015). Efficacy of a Live Escherichia coli Vaccine for Protection of Turkeys Against Homologous and Heterologous Field Strains Infection. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal 29(2): 11-16.

Andersson, C., Gripenland, J., Johansson, J. (2015). Using the Chicken Embryo to Assess Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes and to Model Other Microbial Infections. Nature Protocols 10(8): 1155-1164.

Chansiripornchai, V.R.N. (2009). The Efficacy of Escherichia coli AroA-Live Vaccine in Broilers Against Avian E. coli Serotype O78 Infection. Thai J. Vet. Med 39(4): 337-342.

Chansiripornchai, N., Mooljuntee, S., Boonkhum, P. (2011). Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) Isolated from Chickens During 2007-2010. Thai J Vet 41(4): 519-522.

Cortes, P., Blanc, V., Mora, A., Dahbi, G., Blanco, J.E., Blanco, M., Lopez, C., Andreu, A., Navarro, F., Alonso, M.P., Bou, G., Blanco, J., Llagostera, M. (2010). Isolation and Characterization of Potentially Pathogenic Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains from Chicken and Pig Farms in Spain. Appl Environ Microbiol 76: 27992805.

Dho-Moulin, M., Fairbrother, J.M. (1999). Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Veterinary Research 30: 299-316.

Dutta P., Borah, M.K., Sarmah, R., Gangil, R. (2013). Isolation, Histophatology, and Antibiogram of Escherichia coli from Pigeons (Columba livia). Vet World 6(2): 91-94.

El-Sawah, A., Dahshan, A.H.M., El-Nahass, S., El-Mawgoud, A.I.A. (2018). Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli O157 in Commercial Broiler Chickens. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences xxx(xxx): xxx-xxx.

Ghunaim, H., Abu-Madi, M.A., Kariyawasam, S. (2014). Advances in Vaccination Against Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Respiratory Disease: Potentials and Limitations. Veterinary Microbiology 172: 13-22.

Gregersen, R.H., Christensen, H., Ewers, C., Bisgaard, M. (2010). Impact of Escherichia coli Vaccine on Parent Stock Mortality, First Week Mortality of Broilers and Population Diversity of E. coli in Vaccinated Flocks. Avian Pathology 39(4): 287-295.

Gibbs, P.S., Maurer, J.J., Nolan, L.K., Wooley, R.E. (2003). Prediction of Chicken Embryo Lethality with the Avian Escherichia coli Traits Complement Resistance, Colicin V Production, and Presence of the Increased Serum Survival Gene Cluster (iss). Avian Disease 47: 370-379.

Gordon, R.F., Jordan, F.T.W. (1982). Poultry Disease. 2nd Edition. The English Language Book Society and Bailliere Tindall. London. pp 31-37.

Gross, W.B. (1991). Colibasillosis. In: Diseases of poultry 9th Edition. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa 138-144.

Kemmett, K., Humphrey, T., Rushton, S., Close, A., Wigley, P., Williams, N.J. (2013). A Longitudinal Study Simultaneously Exploring thr Carriage of APEC Virulence Associated Genes and The Molecular Epidemiology of Faecal and Systemic E. coli in Commercial Broiler Chicken. Plos One 8: e67749.

La Ragione, R.M.,Woodward, M.J., Kumar, M., Rodenberg, J., Fan, H., Wales, A.D., Karaca, K. (2013). Efficacy of a Live Attenuated Escherichia coli O78 and K80 Vaccine in Chickens and Turkeys. Avian Dis 57: 273279.

Nabbut, N., Khatib, I. (1978). Virulence of Escherichia coli Strains for Chicken Embryos. Avian Dis 22: 10-15.

Nolan, L.K., Wooley, R.E., Brown, J., Spears, K.R., Dickerson, H.W., Dekich, M. (1992). Comparison of a Complement Resistance Test, a Chicken Embryo Lethality Test, and the Chicken Lethality Test for Determining Virulence of Avian Escherichia coli. Avian Disease 36: 395-397.

Nataro, J.P., Bopp, C.A., Fields, P.I., Kaper, J.B., Strockbine, N.A. (2011). Escherichia, Shigella, and Salmonella. In: Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 10th ed Vol 1.

Versalovic, J., Carroll, K.C., Funk, G., Jorgensen, J.H., Landry, M.L., Warnock, D.W. eds ASM Press, Washingon D.C. 603626. Oh, J.Y., Kang, M.S., Yoon, H., Choi, H.W., An, B.K., Shin, E.G., Kim, Y.J., Kim, M.J., Kwon, J.H., Kwon, Y.K. (2012). The Embryo Lethality of Escherichia coli Isolates and Its Relationship to the Presence of Virulence-Associated Genes. Poultry Science 91: 370-375.

Ozaki, H., Murase, T. (2009). Multiple Routes of Entry for Escherichia coli Causing Colibacillosis in Commercial Layer Chickens. J. Vet. Med. Sci 71(12): 16851689.

Powell, C., Finkelstein, R. (1966). Virulence of Escherichia coli Strains for Chick Embryos. J. Bacterial 91: 1410-1417.

Roseliza, R., Khairani-Bejo, S., Zunita, Z., Ramlan, M., Khoo, E., Rosnah, Y. (2016). Antibiotic Resistence of Escherichia coli Isolated From Chicken in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Veterinary Research 7(1): 65-76.

Swayne, D.E., Glisson, J.R., Larry, R., McDougald, Nolan, L.K., David, L., Suarez, Nair, V. (2013). Disease of Poultry 13th Edition. Wiley Blackwell Publication.

Wahyuwardani, S., Noor, S.M., Poeloengan, M., Andriani, Aryanti, T. (2014). Kasus Kolibasilosis pada Peternakan Ayam Pedaging di Yogyakarta dan Bogor. Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan Dan Veteriner.

Wibowo, M.H., Amanu, S. (2009). Efektivitas Pengobatan Preparat Kombinasi Amoksisilin dan Kolistin Sulfat pada Kasus Infeksi Buatan Escherichia coli Patogen pada Ayam Broiler. J. Sain Vet 27(1): 1-9.

Wooley, R.E., Gibbs, P.S., Brown, T.P., Maurer, J.J. (2000). Chicken Embryo Lethality Assay for Determining the Virulence of Avian Escherichia coli Isolates. Avian Disease 44: 318-324.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.57368