Tip-Cylinder Electrode Plasma to Enhance the Coating of Conductive Yarn Process

This study aims to develop conductive textile materials using a polyester textile yarn by applying a knife coating method and pre-treatment of a tip-cylinder plasma electrode. In this research, carbon ink was coated on polyester staple yarn which was given a pre-treatment with a plasma generator and coated with the knife coating method. The electrical conductivity of conductive yarns produced from this study was divided into two types, as yarns without plasma treatment and with plasma treatment with a ratio of water and carbon ink concentrations of 1:1 and 2:1. The results of the electrical conductivity with plasma treatment and the concentration of carbon ink and water of 1:1 and 1:2 were 69005 (Ωm) and 50144.25 (Ωm), respectively, while the results of the electrical conductivity for threads with concentrations of carbon ink and water of 1:1 and 1:2 without plasma treatment were 18197.64 (Ωm) and 8873.54 (Ωm), respectively. The results showed that the concentration of carbon ink and water and plasma treatment affected the conductive value of the yarn. The results also showed that the presence of plasma pre-treatment improved the coating process of conductive ink on the yarn.


A B S T R A C T
This study aims to develop conductive textile materials using a polyester textile yarn by applying a knife coating method and pre-treatment of a tip-cylinder plasma electrode. In this research, carbon ink was coated on polyester staple yarn which was given a pre-treatment with a plasma generator and coated with the knife coating method. The electrical conductivity of conductive yarns produced from this study was divided into two types, as yarns without plasma treatment and with plasma treatment with a ratio of water and carbon ink concentrations of 1:1 and 2:1. The results of the electrical conductivity with plasma treatment and the concentration of carbon ink and water of 1:1 and 1:2 were 69005 (Ωm) -1 and 50144.25 (Ωm) -1 , respectively, while the results of the electrical conductivity for threads with concentrations of carbon ink and water of 1:1 and 1:2 without plasma treatment were 18197.64 (Ωm) -1 and 8873.54 (Ωm) -1 , respectively. The results showed that the concentration of carbon ink and water and plasma treatment affected the conductive value of the yarn. The results also showed that the presence of plasma pre-treatment improved the coating process of conductive ink on the yarn. Keywords: carbon ink; conductive yarn; plasma; textile A B S T R A K Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan tekstil konduktif menggunakan benang tekstil poliester dengan mengaplikasikan metode knife coating dan pre-treatment plasma elektroda tip-cylinder. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pelapisan dengan tinta karbon pada benang poliester stapel yang diberi perlakuan awal dengan plasma generator dan dilapisi dengan metode pelapisan knife coating. Konduktivitas listrik benang konduktif yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini dibagi menjadi dua jenis, yaitu benang tanpa perlakuan plasma dan dengan perlakuan plasma dengan perbandingan konsentrasi air dan tinta karbon sebesar 1:1 dan 2:1. Hasil konduktivitas listrik dengan perlakuan plasma dan konsentrasi tinta karbon dan air sebesar 1:1 dan 1:2 masing-masing adalah 69005 (Ωm) -1 dan 50144,25 (Ωm) -1 , sedangkan hasil konduktivitas listrik untuk benang dengan konsentrasi tinta karbon dan air sebesar 1:1 dan 1:2 tanpa perlakuan plasma masing-masing adalah 18197,64 (Ωm) -1 dan 8873,54 (Ωm) -1 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi tinta karbon dan air serta perlakuan plasma berpengaruh terhadap nilai konduktivitas benang serta adanya pre-treatment plasma dapat meningkatkan proses coating tinta konduktif pada benang.

Introduction
Yarn is a collection of fibres that are arranged in an elongated direction with a certain diameter and twist obtained from a treatment called spinning (Pawitro, 1973).
Yarns are generally made only for conventional fabric raw materials, but along with the times, the use of fabric is not only a function of clothing but also has another function, namely as a smart textile material and smart clothing. Smart textiles are textile materials that have the ability, both inherent and grafted, to be able to respond to external stimuli and react intelligently to surrounding stimulants as examples of changes in temperature, light and pressure (Putra et al., 2019). Some researchers claimed that a smart textile material must be comfortable but has a certain function, the comfort of textile material must be flexible, lightweight, breathable, and strong. Smart textile material is clothing that has a good level of comfort that can give users the ability to be able to respond to the surrounding environment by applying it as a sensor, processing data and communicating to users. Various applications of smart textile materials have led to an increase in research into smart textile materials that has been done and carried out by many researchers, especially in the manufacture of conductive yarns (Dias and Ratnayake, 2015;Kang et al., 2017;Linz et al., 2006;Locher et al., 2005;Lorussi et al., 2005).
The material used as a conductive material is generally carbon or using polyaniline whereas rayon and TR yarn (polyester/rayon) function as cover material (Fugetsu et al., 2009 Where A is the cross-sectional area of the conductive yarn (m 2 ) and D is the diameter of conductive yarn (m).
2. Resistance testing to get conductivity was done using Equation (2).

= (2)
Where ρ is called the resistivity of the conducting material. The unit of resistivity is the ohmmeter (Ωm). The opposite of resistivity is called conductivity. The conductivity value of a material depends on the intrinsic properties of the material.
Electrical conductivity is the ability of a material to conduct electric current (Irzaman, 2010). The formula for electrical conductivity can be determined as follows (Equation (3) and Equation (4)): Where R is the resistance (Ω); I is the current (Ampere); L is the yarn length (m) and A is the cross-sectional area of the yarn (m 2 ).  Table 1. The results of the knife coating method in making conductive yarns showed that the results of this study can conduct electricity with a low resistance value. The difference in solution concentration will affect the electrical conductivity of the yarn (as shown in Figure   6).