* Corresponding Author
The Influence of Climate Factors on the Incidence Area of Fusarium spp. in Shallots on Java Island during the Triple-Dip La Niña (2020-2022)
https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.85639 Krisnanda Surya Dharma(1*)
(1) Directorate of Horticulture Protection, Directorate General of Horticulture, Ministry of Agriculture Jln. AUP No. 3 Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan, DKI Jakarta 12520 Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Shallots are a strategic horticultural commodity that contributes to inflation in Indonesia. The productivity of shallots is vulnerable to pests and diseases. Based on the incidence area during the La Niña period (2020 – 2022), Fusarium spp. is among the top five main pests and diseases reported to attack shallot crops in Java. Climate factors are suspected to have an effect on diseases incidence in the field. So far, there has been no research on the influence of climate factors on Fusarium twisted disease in Java. This study aims to analyze the influence of climate factors on the monthly incidence area of Fusarium spp. in Java during the La Niña period (2020 – 2022). The analysis used correlation and simple linear regression tests. Based on the correlation test, humidity and precipitation had a strong positive correlation with the incidence area of Fusarium spp. in shallots. Conversely, the sunshine duration had a strong negative correlation, while the temperature showed no correlation. From the simple linear regression test, humidity, precipitation and sunshine duration was found to strongly influence Fusarium spp. incidence, accounting for 47%, 48% and 40%, respectively (p<0.05). Temperature had no effect because it had the lowest fluctuation among other climate factors, ranging between 26 - 27.5°C, which was ideal for the development of Fusarium spp. To manage Fusarium spp. on shallots, it is recommended to select resistant varieties, optimize plant spacing, use fertilizers judiciously, and utilize healthy seeds. Additionally, the application of biological agents can suppress the growth of pathogenic fungi and increase plant resistance.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdullah, J. T., Suryanti, S., & Joko, T. (2023). Utilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bacillus velezensis inoculation in suppressing twisted disease of shallot. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 27(2), 103-109. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.89296
Adin, A., Firdaus, R., Haerudin, H., Rokhman, F., & Harpenas, A. (2023). A Review: TSS (True Shallot Seed) Development in Indonesia and Its Health Benefit. In Proceedings of the International Symposium Southeast Asia Vegetable 2021 Vol. 23, p. 208. Springer Nature. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/seaveg-21/125977978
Ajmal, M., Hussain, A., Ali, A., Chen, H., & Lin, H. (2022). Strategies for controlling the sporulation in Fusarium spp. Journal of Fungi, 9(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9010010
Alhadid, B. & Nugroho, A. B. (2024). The study of Triple-Dip La Nina phenomenon (2020-2023) and its impact on atmospheric dynamics and rainfall in the Indonesian region. In Proceeding International Conference on Religion, Science and Education (Vol. 3, pp. 707-716). https://sunankalijaga.org/prosiding/index.php/icrse/article/view/1135
Alkhalifah, D.H.M., Damra, E., Melhem, M.B., & Hozzein, W.N. (2023). Fungus under a changing climate: modeling the current and future global distribution of Fusarium oxysporum using geographical information system data. Microorganisms 11(2), 468. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020468
Artanti, H., Joko, T., Somowiyarjo, S., & Suryanti, S. (2022). The potential of Rhizophagus intraradices and Trichoderma asperellum to induce shallot resistance against twisted disease. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 26(1), 57-66. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.70673
Basuki, R. (2014). Problems identification and shallots farming analyze in the highland at rainy season in Majalengka District. Jurnal Hortikultura 24 (3), 266-275. https://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v24n3.2014.p266-275
BMKG - Indonesian Agency for Meteorological, Climatological and Geophysics. (2022). BMKG: Fenomena La Nina Triple Dip Jadi Ancaman Negara-negara di Dunia. Retrieved from www.bmkg.go.id/press-release/?p=bmkg-fenomena-la-nina-triple-dip-jadi-ancaman-negara-negara-di-dunia
BPS - Statistics Indonesia. (2020). Inflasi April 0,29 Persen Bawang Merah Merupakan Penyumbang Inflasi Terbesar. Retrieved from https://jakarta.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2020/05/04/444/inflasi-april-0-29-persen-bawang-merah-merupakan-penyumbang-inflasi-terbesar.html
BPS - Statistics Indonesia. (2022). Produksi Tanaman Sayuran 2022. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/55/61/1/produksi-tanaman-sayuran.html
Fatima, S., Khan, S., Kamble R.A. (2020). The effect of different humidity level on dry weight of Fusarium oxysporium, Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria solani. IJRTI 5(1), 81 – 83. https://ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2001019.pdf
Fitriana, R. N., Siregar, H., Anggraeni, L. (2022). The impact of El Nino and La Nina towards the prices of cabbage and shallot in Indonesia. JMA 19(2), 195-204. https://doi.org/ 10.17358/jma.19.2.195
Gracia-Garza, J. A., & Fravel, D. R. (1998). Effect of relative humidity on sporulation of Fusarium oxysporum in various formulations and effect of water on spore movement through soil. Phytopathology, 88(6), 544-549. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.6.544
Harahap, W. N., Yuniasih, B., & Gunawan, S. (2023). Dampak La Nina 2021-2022 terhadap Peningkatan Curah Hujan. AGROISTA: Jurnal Agroteknologi, 7(1), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.55180/agi.v7i1.364
Harti, H., Sobir, S., Wiyono, S., & Hidayat, S. H. (2022). Distribution of Major Viruses on Shallot in Indonesia. In International Symposium Southeast Asia Vegetable 2021, pp. 145-155. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-028-2_18
Hartmann, K., Krois, J., & Rudolph, A. (2023). Statistics and Geodata Analysis using R (SOGA-R): Simple Linear Regression. Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universitaet Berlin. www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/v/soga-r/Basics-of-statistics/Linear-Regression/Simple-Linear-Regression/
Herlina, L., Istiaji, B., & Wiyono, S. (2021). The causal agent of Fusarium disease infested shallots in Java islands of Indonesia. E3S Web Conf. 232, 03003. https://doi.org/ 10.1051/e3sconf/202123203003
Hibar, K. Daami-Remadi, M., Jabnoun-Khiareddine, H., El Mahjoub, M. (2006). Temperature effect on mycelial growth and on disease incidence of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici. Plant Pathology Journal 5(2), 233-238. https://doi.org/10.3923/ppj.2006.233.238
Hidayat, R., Juniarti, M., & Ma’rufah, U. (2018). Impact of La Niña and La Niña Modoki on Indonesia rainfall variability. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 149, 012046. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/149/1/012046
Iizumi, T., Luo, J.J., Challinor, A.J., Sakurai, G., Yokozawa, M., Sakuma, H., Brown, M.E., & Yamagata, T. (2014). Impacts of El Niño Southern Oscillation on the global yields of major crops. Nature communications, 5(1), p.3712. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4712
JICA. (2018). Final Report: Market Study on Food Sector in Indonesia. International Center for Applied Finance and Economics – Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
Le, D., Audenaert, K., & Haesaert, G. (2021). Fusarium basal rot: profile of an increasingly important disease in Allium spp. Tropical Plant Pathology, 46, 241-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-021-00421-9
Lestiyani, A., Wibowo, A., Subandiyah, S., Gambley, C., Ito, S., & Harper, S. (2014). Identification of Fusarium spp., the causal agent of twisted disease of shallot. In XXIX International Horticultural Congress on Horticulture: Sustaining Lives, Livelihoods and Landscapes (IHC2014): 1128 (pp. 155-160). https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1128.22
Maharani, P., Suryanti, S., Joko, T., & Somowiyarjo, S. (2024). Rhizophagus intraradices dan Trichoderma asperellum sebagai bioprotektan dan biofertilizer pada bawang merah TSS. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 29(2), 287-297. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.29.2.287
Marianah, L., Nawangsih, A. A., Munif, A., Giyanto, G., & Tondok, E. T. (2024). Variation in symptoms and morphology of Fusarium spp. on shallot associated with basal plate rot disease in Brebes District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 25(5). https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250538
Minchio, C.A., Canteri, M.G., Fantin, L.H., & Silva, M.A.D.A. (2016). Soybean rust epidemics in Rio Grande do Sul explained by ENSO phenomenon and off-season disease incidence. Summa Phytopathologica, 42, 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-5405/2219
Ministry of Agriculture – Indonesia. (2023a). Aplikasi Database Iklim, OPT, dan DPI. Retrieved from https://prasarana.pertanian.go.id/iklimoptdpimy/
Ministry of Agriculture – Indonesia. (2023b). Sistem Penyediaan Data Statistik Pertanian Hortikultura (SIPEDAS). Retrieved from https://sipedas.pertanian.go.id/
Okungbowa, F.I. & Shittu, H.O. (2014). Fusarium wilts: an overview. Environmental Research Journal 6(2), 84-97. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292243135_Fusarium_wilts_an_overview
Pempee, Singh, M., Prajapati, S., Kumari, P. (2020). Effects of different temperature, pH and relative humidity on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri causing chickpea wilt. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci 9(9), 1381-1388. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.175
Poromarto, S. H. (2021). Moler disease and cultivation practiced by shallot farmers in Brebes Central Java. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 883(1), p. 012083. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/883/1/012083
Pratiwi, A. H., Wibowo, A., Joko, T., Widiastuti, A., & Subandiyah, S. (2024). Response of five shallot varieties applied with Bacillus spp. against twisted disease. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika, 24(1), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.12417-27
Quintana, F.R., Hernandez, A.B., Nava, H.S. (2017). Relationship between temperature and relative humidity with the outbreak of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae. Rev.Mex.Cienc.Agríc 8(3), 713-720. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v8i3.44
Rahma, A. A., Suryanti, S. S., & Joko, T. (2020). Researh Article: Induced disease resistance and promotion of shallot growth by Bacillus velezensis B-27. Pak. J. Biol. Sci, 23(9), 1113-1121. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2020.1113.1121
Ramírez-Gil, J. G., & Morales-Osorio, J. G. (2018). Microbial dynamics in the soil and presence of the avocado wilt complex in plots cultivated with avocado cv. Hass under ENSO phenomena (El Niño–La Niña). Scientia Horticulturae, 240, 273-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.047
Ramírez-Gil, J. G., Henao-Rojas, J. C., & Morales-Osorio, J. G. (2020). Mitigation of the adverse effects of the El Niño (El Niño, La Niña) southern oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon and the most important diseases in avocado cv. Hass crops. Plants, 9(6), 790. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9060790
Seta, G.A., Frappier, K., Wafiq, M.W., Ripaldi, A., Harianto, T., Amalia, R.R., Yulianis, N., Pramudia, A. (2022). Buletin Kolaborasi: Pemantauan Dampak Bencana Hidrometeorologis Juli-September (Q3) 2022. World Food Programme (WFP).
Sharma, S., Mandal, S., & Cramer, C. S. (2024). Recent Advances in Understanding and Controlling Fusarium Diseases of Alliums. Horticulturae, 10(5), 527. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050527
Sundari, D., Wibowo, A., Joko, T., Widiastuti, A., & Pustika, A. B. (2023). The diversity of shallot rhizomicrobiome and twisted disease suppression with the application of Bacillus spp. and Trichoderma asperellum. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, 19(4), 156-165. https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.19.4.156-165
Timmusk, S., Nevo, E., Ayele, F., Noe, S., Niinemets, Y. (2020). Fighting Fusarium pathogens in the era of climate change: a conceptual approach. Pathogens 9(6), 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9060419
Velásquez, A. C., Castroverde, C. D. M., & He, S. Y. (2018). Plant–pathogen warfare under changing climate conditions. Current Biology, 28(10), R619-R634. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2018.03.054
Volesky, N., Murray, M., Nischwitz, C. (2022). Fusarium and Verticillium Wilts of Vegetables. Utah State University. Retrieved from https://extension.usu.edu/pests/research/Fusarium-verticillium-wilts
Wibowo, A., Santika, I. A., Syafitri, L. M., Widiastuti, A., Subandiyah, S., Harper, S. (2023). Incidence of twisted disease and cultivation practice of shallot farmers in Bantul coastal area, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. J. Trop. Plant Pests Dis. 1(23), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.12323-30
Widono, S., Poromarto, S. H., & Noviantoro, W. (2023). Relationship of weather factors on the progress of shallot moler disease in Brebes, Central Java in the rainy and dry seasons: intensity increases in humid and warm air. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1200(1), 012062. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1200/1/012062
World Food Programme (WFP). (2022). Indonesia: Impact Monitoring of Hydrometeorological Hazards (July–September (Q3) 2022), p. 3. https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000144814/download/
Yanto, Rajagopalan, B. & Zagona, E. (2016). Space–time variability of Indonesian rainfall at inter-annual and multi-decadal time scales. Climate Dynamics 47, 2975–2989. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3008-8
Zeng, Z. J., Tang, C. S., Cheng, Q., An, N., Chen, X. Y., & Shi, B. (2023). A numerical model of water evaporation from cracked soil. Computers and Geotechnics, 162, 105641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2023.105641
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.85639
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 733
| 
views : 348
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ISSN 1410-1637 (print), ISSN 2548-4788 (online) is published by the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with Indonesian Entomological Society (Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia, PEI) and Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia, PFI). The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View website statistics