Understanding the Multiple Factor Determining of Z Generation to Hotel Staycation During Covid-19 Pandemic
https://doi.org/10.22146/jpt.70542 Septi Fahmi Choirisa(1*), Nosica Rizkalla(2)
(1) Universitas Multimedia Nusantara
(2) Management Program Faculty of Business Universitas Multimedia Nusantara
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on restricted mobility, as well as a devastating economic development in various sectors, have change renewed interest in the future of tourism, especially in Hospitality Industry. This study sought to examine the Theory of Planned Behavior in the context of hotel staycation during the Covid-19 pandemic. Paired t-tests and the structural equation modelling were applied to assess the 246 responses of Z generations in Indonesia for the first and second quarters of 2021. The finding showed that attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms affect the hotel staycation intention during a pandemic for Z generations. Perceived behavioral control plays the most significant part. Several findings are provided on how the generation perceives traveling during the COVID-19 pandemic and how to encourage them to resume traveling after the travel restriction is lifted. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. The viewpoint proffered in this study provides scopes of the hospitality industry in terms of hotel staycation programs to maintain a resilient economic strategy during the pandemic.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aarts, H., & Dijksterhuis, A. (2000). Habits as knowledge structures: Automaticity in goal-directed behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 53–63. Aarts, H., Verplanken, B., & van Knippenberg, A. (1998). Predicting behavior from actions in the past: Repeated decision making or a matter of habit? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 1355–1374. Abbasi, G. A., Kumaravelu, J., Goh, Y. N., & Singh, K. S. D. (2021). Understanding the intention to revisit a destination by expanding the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC. Ajzen I. (2005). Attitudes, personality and behavior. Second edition. Berkshire : McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411 Bagozzi, R. P. (1981). Attitudes, intentions, and behavior: A test of some key hypotheses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, pp.607–627. Bagozzi, R., Dholakia, U. M., & Basuroy, S. (2003). How effortful decisions get enacted: The motivating role of decision processes, desires, and anticipated emotions. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 16(4), 273–295. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.446 Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American psychologist, 37(2), 122. Baratti, L. (2020). “Gen Z and Millennials Are Key to Travel Industry's Recovery”. Travel Pulse. Available at https://www.travelpulse.com/news/features/gen-z-and-millennials-are-key-to-travel-industrys-recovery.html Brewer, N. T., & Fazekas, K. I. (2007). Predictors of HPV vaccine acceptability: A theory-informed, systematic review. Brewer, N. T., Chapman, G. B., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., McCaul, K. D., & Weinstein, N. D. (2007). Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: The example of vaccination. Health Psychology, 26(2), 136–145. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.26.2.136 Clarke, R., (2018). “Generation Z Are Risk Takers – But Business Leaders Mustn’t Ignore Them”. HR Review. Available at https://www.hrreview.co.uk/hr-news/strategy-news/generation-z-are-risk-takers-but-business-leaders-mustnt-ignore-them/113200 Collins, S. (2020). COVID-19 recovery in the UK – The importance of domestic demand. HVS. https://www.hvs.com/ article/8787-covid-19-recovery-in-the-UK-the-importance-of-domestic-demand Courtney, J. (2020). COVID-19 Will Cause a Significant Decline in Global RevPAR, Cash Flow, for Rated Lodging Companies. Spglobal. URL www.spglobal. com/ratings/en/research/articles/200311-covid-19-w illcause-a-significant-decline-in-global-revpar-cash-flow -for-rated-lodging-companies-11382396#ID493 (accessed 29 0ctober 2020). Deloitte. (2020). "Impact of the COVID-19 crisis on short- and medium-term consumer behavior: will the COVID-19 crisis have a lasting effect on consumption?”, available at: www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/de/Documents/consumerbusiness/Impact%20of%20the%20COVID19%20crisis%20on%20consumer%20behavior.pdf. [cited 2020 Mar 20]. Fakhruddin, B., Blanchard, K., & Ragupathy, D. (2020). Are we there yet? The transition from response to recovery for the COVID-19 pandemic. Progress in Disaster Science, 7, 100102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100102 Fazio, R. H. (1990). Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The MODE model as an integrative framework. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 23, pp. 75–109). San Diego, CA: Academic. Febriana Riestyaningrum, Ehsan Ferdaos, Bahruz Bayramov. (2020). Customer behavior impact on international tourist's travel intention due to Covid-19, Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship (JoSTE) ISSN: 2714-6480, Vol 1, No 3, 2020, 231-243 https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v1i3.367 Gardiner, S., King, C., & Grace, D. (2013). Travel decision making an empirical examination of generational values, attitudes, and intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 52(3), 310-324. Gosal, J., Andajani. E, & Rahayu. S. (2020). The effect of e-wom on travel intention, travel decision, city image, and attitude to visit a tourism city. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 115, 261-265 Guillet, Basak Denizci and Angela Mai Chi Chu. (2020). Managing hotel revenue amid the COVID-19 crisis. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management Vol. 33 No. 2, 2021 pp. 604-627. Emerald Publishing Limited 0959-6119. DOI 10.1108/IJCHM-06-2020-0623 Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46(1-2), 1-12. Hotels Chains Maneuver to Deal with Coronavirus Gut Punch, Skift. (2020). Available from: https://skift.com/2020/03/18/hotelschains-maneuver-to-deal-with-coronavirus-gut-punch/ & Tourism Research, 36(3), 390–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348010390817. [cited March 2021]. Hsu, C. H. C., & Huang, S. (2012). An extension of the theory of planned behavior model for tourists. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 36(3), 390–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348010390817 Hsu, M. C. (2013). The management of sports tourism: A causal modeling test of the theory of planned behaviour. International Journal of Management, 30(2), 474. Huang, Y. (2009). In-flew-Enza: pandemic influenza and its security implications. Innovation in Global Health Governance: Critical Cases. Ashgate Publishing, pp. 129–152. Jalilvand, M.R., Samiei, N., Dini, B., Manzari, P.Y. (2012). Examining the structural relationships of electronic word of mouth, destination image, tourist attitude toward destination and travel intention: An integrated approach. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 1(2) 134-143. Khoo-Lattimore, C., Mura, P., & Yung, R. (2019). The time has come: A systematic literature review of mixed methods research in tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 22 (13), 1531–1550. Knežević Cvelbar L and Ogorevc M. (2020). Saving the tourism industry with staycation vouchers [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]. Emerald Open Res 2020, 2:65 (https://doi.org/10.35241/emeraldopenres.13924.1) Lew, A., Cheer, J. M., Haywood, M., Brouder, P., & Salazar, N. B. (2020). Visions of travel and tourism after the global COVID-19 transformation of 2020. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 455–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1770326 Lokhorst, A. M., & Staats, H. (2006). Understanding farmers’intentions to carry out agricultural nature management: Using an adapted EMGB. Leiden Universit. Malhotra, N. K., Nunan, D., & Birks, D. F. (2017). Marketing research: An applied approach. Pearson Education Limited. Martin, D. S., Ramamonjiarivelo, Z., & Martin, W. S. (2011). MEDTOUR: a scale for measuring medical tourism intentions. Tourism Review. McKercher, B., & Chon, K. (2004). The over-reaction to SARS and the collapse of Asian tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 716–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2003.11.002 Mengqing Wang, Ziming Jin, Sijing Fan, Xiaoxi Ju & Xiao Xiao. (2021). Chinese residents’ preferences and consuming intentions for hotels after COVID-19 pandemic: a theory of planned behaviour approach, Anatolia, 32:1, 132-135, DOI: 10.1080/13032917.2020.1795894 Nicola, Maria, Zaid Alsafib, Catrin Sohrabic, Ahmed Kerwand, Ahmed Al-Jabird, Christos Iosifidisc, Maliha Aghae, Riaz Aghaf. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review, International Journal of Surgery Volume 78, June 2020, Pages 185-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018 Ochega A. Ataguba & John E. Ataguba. (2020). Social determinants of health: the role of effective communication in the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries, Global Health Action, 13:1, 1788263, DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1788263 Oh, Selena. (2020). Singapore helps hoteliers with staycation stimulus, URL: https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/99976/1.%20Singapore%20helps%20hoteliers%20with%20staycation%20stimulus.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (accessed 15 March 2021) Otoo, F., Kim, S. (2018). Is there stability underneath health risk resilience in Hong Kong inbound tourism? Asia Pacific J. Tour. Res. 23 (4), 344–358. Ouellette, J. A., & Wood, W. (1998). Habit and intention in everyday life: The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 54–74. Parama, Mardika. (2020). Hotel occupancy rate drops slightly in September after rally. The Jakarta Post. Retrieved from thejakartapost.com with the title "Foreign tourist arrivals, hotel occupancy rate yet to recover in October: BPS. read: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/12/02/foreign-tourist-arrivals-hotel-occupancy-rate-yet-to-recover-in-october-bps.html. [cited March 21]. Park, S., Hsieh, C., & Lee, C. (2016). Examining Chinese college students’ intention to travel to Japan using the extended theory of planned behavior: Testing destination image and the mediating role of travel constraints. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34(1), 113–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2016.1141154 Perugini, M., & Bagozzi, R. (2001). The role of desires and anticipated emotions in goal-directed behaviors: Broadening and deepening the theory of planned behavior. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(1), 79–98. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466601164704 Peters, K., Peters, J., & Peters, N. (2020). Visit people Tourism Recovery. KPPM Strategy. Retrieved from: http://kppm.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KPPM-Tourism-Recovery-Lit-Review-4-4-20.pdf Quintal, V. A., Lee, J. A., & Soutar, G. N. (2010). Risk, uncertainty and the theory of planned behavior: A tourism example. Tourism Management, 31(6), 797–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.08.006 Quintal, V. A., Thomas, B., & Phau, I. (2015). Incorporating the winescape into the theory of planned behavior: Examining' new world'wineries. Tourism Management, 46, 596-609. Reisinger Y, Mavondo F. (2005). Travel Anxiety and Intentions to Travel Internationally: Implications of Travel Risk Perception. Journal of Travel Research : 43(3):212-225. doi:10.1177/0047287504272017 Reza Jalilvand, M., & Samiei, N. (2012). The impact of electronic word of mouth on a tourism destination choice. Internet Research, 22(5), 591-612. Richter, L. (2003). International tourism and its global health consequences. Journal of Travel Research, 41(4), 340–347. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287503041004002 Ronis, D. L., Yates, J. F., & Kirscht, J. P. (1989). Attitudes, decisions, and habits as determinants of repeated behavior. In A. R. Pratkanis, S. J. Breckler, & A. G. Greenwald (Eds.), Attitude structure and function (pp. 213–239). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Rossello ́, J., Santana-Gallego, M., Awan, W. (2017). Infectious disease risk and international tourism demand. Health Policy Plan. 32 (4), 538–548. Sandra M. Sánchez-Cañizares , L. Javier Cabeza-Ramírez , Guzmán Muñoz-Fernández & Fernando J. Fuentes-García. (2020). Impact of the perceived risk from Covid-19 on intention to travel, Current Issues in Tourism, DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2020.1829571 Sasmita, N., Komara, L.L., Purba, J.H., Pandawani, N.P. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 on community life in the province of Bali, Indonesia. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(10):1918-1929. Smith, R.D. (2006). Responding to global infectious disease outbreaks: lessons from SARS on the role of risk perception, communication, and management. Soc. Sci. Med. 63 (12), 3113–3123. Sönmez, S. F., & Graefe, A. R. (1998a). Influence of terrorism risk on foreign tourism decisions. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(1), 112–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00072-8 Sönmez, S. F. (1998). Tourism, terrorism, and political instability. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(2), 416–456. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00093-5 Stefan Gössling, Daniel Scott & C. Michael Hall. (2021). Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment of COVID-19, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29:1, 1-20, DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708 USAToday. (2020). Marriott furloughs tens of thousands of employees due to coronavirus. Available from: https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/03/17/marriott-furloughs-layoffs-coronavirus-covid-19/ 5068070002/. [cited 2020 Mar 20]. Viglia, Giampaolo & Dolnicar, Sara. (2020). A review of experiments in tourism and hospitality. Annals of Tourism Research. 80. 102858. 10.1016/j.annals.2020.102858. Wen, J., Huang, S. S., & Ying, T., (2019). Relationships between Chinese cultural values and tourist motivations: A study of Chinese tourists visiting Israel. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 14, 100367. Wen, J., Kozak, M., Yang, S., & Liu, F., (2020). COVID-19: Potential effects on Chinese citizens' lifestyle and travel. Tourism Review(). Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-03-2020-0110. World Economic Forum. (2020). Available from: https://www. weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/world-travel-coronavirus-covid19-jobs-pandemictourism-aviation/. [cited 2020 March 20 Yoon, Y., &Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: a structural model. Tourism Management, 26(1), 45-56. Yu-Chen Lin & Chiang-Ming Chen.(2021). How do hotel characteristics moderate the impact of COVID-19 on hotel performance? Evidence from Taiwan, Current Issues in Tourism, DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2021.1910213 Zhang, G., Chen, X., Law, R., & Zhang, M., (2020). Sustainability of Heritage Tourism: A Structural Perspective from Cultural Identity and Consumption Intention. Sustainability, 12(21), 9199.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpt.70542
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 5616
| 
views : 5331
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Septi Fahmi Choirisa; Nosica Rizkalla
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.