Pengaruh Aplikasi Topikal Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (Cpp-Acp) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Streptococcus Alpha dan Akumulasi Plak Gigi

Abstract

      Plak merupakan salah satu penyebab timbulnya penyakit gigi dan mulut pada anak, sehingga perlu dikontrol baik secara mekanis maupun kimiawi. Salah satu kontrol plak secara kimiawi adalah aplikasi topikal yang mengandung kasein. Casein Phospopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) merupakan bahan yang mampu menghambat perlekatan bakteri pada permukaan gigi, sehingga menurunkan pertumbuhan bakteri dan akumulasi
plak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi topikal CPP-ACP terhadap pertumbuhan S.alpha dan akumulasi plak gigi.
       Subyek penelitian terdiri 22 anak, usia 3-6 tahun. Aplikasi topikal CPP-ACP dilakukan sekali sehari, sebelum tidur malam, selama 28 hari. Data pertumbuhan S.alpha diperoleh dengan mengusap cotton bud steril pada permukaan bukal gigi geligi rahang atas dan bawah, kemudian diinkubasi selama 24 jam. Data skor plak diperoleh dengan pengukuran skor plak metode PHPM (Podshadley dan Haley, 1968, modifikasi Amith dkk., 2007). Pengukuran jumlah koloni S.alpha dan skor plak dilakukan sebelum dan setelah aplikasi hari ke-7, 14 dan 28. Analisa data digunakan
Repetead ANOVA dilanjutkan Pair Wise Comparison (LSD).
       Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertumbuhan S.alpha sebelum aplikasi topikal CPP-ACP tertinggi (549,45.10⁴ ±146,608.10⁴ CFU/ml) dan terendah setelah 28 hari (142,18.10⁴ ± 26,005.10⁴ CFU/ml). Skor plak sebelum aplikasi tertinggi (4.1182 ± 1.01589) dan terendah setelah 28 hari aplikasi topikal CPP-ACP (2.2682 ± .45918). Uji Repetead ANOVA dilanjutkan Pair Wise Comparison (LSD) menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antar aplikasi (p<0.05).
Disimpulkan, semakin sering aplikasi topikal CPP-ACP, semakin rendah pertumbuhan S.alpha dan akumulasi plak.

ABSTRACT
      Plaque is one of the causes of oral disease in children. This plaque needs to be controlled mechanically and chemically. One of chemical plaque control is a topical application that contains casein. Casein-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Phospopeptide (CPP-ACP) is a substance can inhibit the attachment of bacteria plaque on the teeth. We expect that it will inhibit the growth of alpha Streptococcus so that plaque accumulation also decrease. The aim
of this study is to investigate the influence of topical application of CPP-ACP on the growth of alpha-Streptococcus and dental plaque accumulation.
     The study subjects consisted of 22 children, aged 3-6 years. Topical application of CPP-ACP was once a day, before bedtime, in 28 days. Data the growth of alpha-Streptococcus was performed by swabbing plaque in the buccal surfaces of maxillary and mandibulary teeth with sterilized cotton bud then inoculated for 24 hours. The plaque score were measured by PHPM methods (Podshadley and Haley, 1968, modification Amith et al., 2007). Measuring the growth of alpha-Streptococcus and the plaque score taken before, after 7, 14, 28 days the application. Data were
analyzed by Repeated ANOVA resumed Pair Wise Comparison (LSD).
     The result showed that the growth of alpha-Streptococcus before topical application of CPP-ACP was highest (549,45.10⁴±146,608.10⁴ CFU/ml), after 28 days application was lowest (142,18.10⁴±26,005.10⁴ CFU/ml). The plaque score before topical application was highest (4.1182 ± 1.01589), after 28 days application was lowest (2.2682 ± .45918). The result of Repeated ANOVA resumed Pair Wise Comparison (LSD) showed that those were significant differences (p<0.05). In conclusion, the more frequent topical application of CPP-ACP, the lowest growth of alpha-
Streptococcus and plaque accumulation.