Pengaruh Berbagai Konsentrasi Larutan Irigasi Sodium Hipoklorit Terhadap Kekerasan Mikro Dentin pada Tiga Segmen Saluran Akar yang Berbeda



Hetty Widyawati(1*), Tri Endra Untara(2), Wignyo Hadriyanto(3)

(1) Program Studi Ilmu Konservasi Gigi, Program Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Spesialis, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(2) Bagian Ilmu Konservasi Gigi, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(3) Bagian Ilmu Konservasi Gigi, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Perawatan saluran akar dapat dibagi menjadi tiga tahap yaitu tahap preparasi biomekanis, tahap desinfeksi dan tahap obturasi. Pada tahap preparasi biomekanis diperlukan irigasi saluran akar supaya kotoran yang ada dalam saluran akar dapat mengalir keluar bersama-sama dengan larutan irigasi. Larutan irigasi yang sering digunakan adalah sodium hipoklorit, larutan ini dapat mempengaruhi kekerasan mikro dentin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari berbagai konsentrasi larutan sodium hipoklorit terhadap kekerasan mikro dentin saluran akar.
Subjek penelitian menggunakan 15 gigi premolar pertama mandibula. Gigi dipotong mahkota anatomisnya dan saluran akar dipreparasi dengan teknik crown down. Akar gigi dipotong horisontal menjadi tiga segmen, yaitu 1/3 servikal, 1/3 tengah, dan 1/3 apikal kemudian segmen akar ditanam dalam resin akrilik. Subjek penelitian dibagi secara acak menjadi 3 kelompok yang masing-masing terdiri dari 15 segmen akar, yaitu kelompok I terdiri dari segmen saluran akar yang digenangi dengan larutan sodium hipoklorit 1.25%, kelompok II dengan larutan sodium hipoklorit 2.5%,dan kelompok III dengan larutan sodium hipoklorit 5.25%. Tiap kelompok tersebut dibagi lagi menjadi 3 kelompok yang masing-masing terdiri dari 5 segmen akar. Kelompok A terdiri dari 1/3 akar servikal, kelompok B 1/3 akar tengah, dan kelompok C 1/3 akar apikal. Setelah itu saluran akar diirigasi dengan akuades
dan dilanjutkan dengan pengukuran kekerasan mikro dentin menggunakan Vickers Diamond Microhardness Tester
Hasil penelitian diuji dengan Anova dua jalur, menunjukkan adanya penurunan kekerasan mikro dentin yang signifikan terutama pada penggunaan larutan sodium hipoklorit 5.25%.

 ABSTRACT

Root canal treatment can be divided into three stages; biomechanical preparation stage, disinfection stage and obturation stage. Biomechanical preparation stage required canal irrigation so that impurities which exist in the root canal can flow out together with the irrigation solution. Irrigation solution that is often used is sodium hypochlorite, this solution can affect dentin micro hardness. This aims of this study was to determine the effect of various concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on root canal dentin micro hardness.
The research subjects used were is 15 mandibular first premolars. The crowns of the teeth were removed and the canals were prepared with crown-down technique. Each root was sectioned transversely into 1/3 cervical, middle and apical segments and then they were mounted on acrylic resin. The specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 root segments each off which was group I consisted of segments of root canals flooded with 1.25% sodium hypochlorite solution, group II with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution, and group III with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution. Each group was divided again into 3 groups of five root segments each: group A consisted of cervical 1/3 root segments, group B consisted of middle 1/3 root segments, and group C consisted of 1/3 apical root segments. After the root canal was irrigated with distilled water, dentin microhardness was measured using a Vickers Diamond Microhardness Tester.
The results were tested witha two way-Anova, indicating p <0.05 so it can be concluded the higher concentration of sodium hypochlorite is used the more tissue-organic was dissolved resulting in sifnificantly decreased dentin micro hardness.


Keywords


sodium hipoklorit, kekerasan mikro, dentin, saluran akar,sodium hypochlorite, microhardness, dentine, root segment

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