Cover Image

Anatomical responses of roots and yield of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) to K fertilization doses

https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.76188

Muhammad Syaiful Shodiq(1*), Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra(2), Siti Nurul Rofiqo Irwan(3)

(1) Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
(2) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Cocoa is one of important commodities for the economy of Indonesia. However, national exports of the commodity has declined due to decreasing of domestic cocoa production. For enhancing cocoa production, potassium fertilization is required. Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient in the physiology, anatomy, and yields processes. Anatomically, K is needed in the elongation of meristem tissue as well as for increasing the yields of fruit and seed. The objectives of this research included the study of the effect of K fertilizer dose and determination of optimum K doses on root anatomy development as well as the yield of cocoa pods. This research was conducted on the cocoa plantation of PT. Pagilaran. Applied doses of K fertilization consisted of 0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 g KCl/plant in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 replications. Observed variables consisted of root anatomy and yield of cocoa pods. The results indicated that the dose of K fertilization significantly influenced both stele and xylem diameters of cocoa roots but insignificantly effected the thickness of cork tissue, phloem diameter, and the thickness of cambium tissue. Moreover, the dose also showed significant effect on the number of beans per pod, the weight of 100 beans, as well as the fresh and dry weight of beans per plant. It was also revealed that the dose showed no significant effect on length, diameter, and weight of the cocoa pods. It implied that K fertilization dose had effect on root anatomical properties and yield of cacao.

 


Keywords


Cacao; potassium; roots anatomy; yield

Full Text:

PDF


References

Backer, C.A., and Brink, B.V.D. (1963). Flora of Java Vol. I. Groningen: Wolter Noordhoff.

Bot, A., and Benites, J. (2005) The Importance of Soil Organic Matter Key to Drought-resistant Soil and Sustained Food and Production. FAO Soils Bulletin, 80.

Campbell, N.A. Reece, J.B., and Mitchell, L.G. (2010). Biologi Jilid 2 Edisi 8. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Corley, R.H.V., and Tinker, P.B.H. (2003). The Oil Palm. 4th edition. Oxford: Blackwell Science.

Food and Agriculture Organization. (2019). Crops and Livestock Products. [Online] FAO Stat. Available at: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en /#data/QCL [Accessed 2 April 2024]

Fromm, J. (2010). Wood Formation Of Trees In Relation To Potassium And Calcium Nutrition. Tree Physiology, 30(9), pp. 1140–1147

Gaymard, F., Pilot, G., Lacombe, B., Bouchez, D., Bruneau, D., Boucherez, J., Michaux-Ferrière, N., Thibaud, J.B., Sentenac, H. (1998). Identification and disruption of a plant shaker-like outward channel involved in KC release into the xylem sap. Cell, 94(5), pp. 647–655.

Jasmi. (2016). The Effect Of Potassium Fertilization Onconduct Stomata And Drought Resistance. Jurnal Agrotek Lestari, 2(2), pp. 47−53.

Maiti, R., Satya, P., and Ramaswamy, A. (2012). Crop Plant Anatomy. Wallingford: GPI Group, pp. 317.

Mastur. (2015). Source and Sink Synchronize to Improve Seed Productivity of Physic Nut. Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri, 7(1), pp. 52−68.

Mastuti, R., and Alfiansyah. (2016). Pengaruh Penerapan Sistem Agribisnis Terhadap Respon Petani Pada Usahatani Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) di Kecamatan Rantau Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang. AGRISAMUDRA, 3(1), pp. 107–117.

Miyamoto, N., Katsuhara, M., Ookawa, T., Kasamo, K., and Hirasawa, T. (2005). Hydraulic Conductivity And Aquaporins Of Cortical Cells In Gavitropically Bending Roots Of Pisum Sativum L. Plant Production Science, 8, pp. 515−524.

Mulato, S., Widyotomo, S., Misnawi, and Suharyanto, E. (2005). Pengolahan Produk Primer dan Sekunder Kakao. Jember: Puslitbangtan Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao.

Prawoto, A., and Winarsih, S. (2010). Mengenal Tanaman Kakao. In: Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia (ed). Buku Pintar Budidaya Kakao. Jakarta: AgroMedia Pustaka, pp. 11−41.

Salih, R.B., Norhashlla, H., Almrun, W., Khunaw, A.R., and Qader. (2016). Improve Quality and Quantity of Plant Products by Applying Potassium Nutrient (A Critical Review). Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani. Part -A- (Pure and Applied Sciences), pp 18−22.

Schwartzkopf, C. (1972). Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium How They Relate to Plant Growth. USA: USGA Green Section Award.

Sinaga, R. (2008). Analisis Model Ketahanan Rumput Gajah Dan Rumput Raja Akibat Cekaman Kekeringan Berdasarkan Respons Anatomi Akar Dan Daun. Jurnal Biologi Sumatra, 2(1), pp 17−20.

Snoeck, D., Louis, K., Joel, J., Philippe, B., and Patrick, J. (2016). Cacao Nutrition and Fertilization. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 19, pp. 1−40.

Suwanti, Susilo, J., Baskara, M., and Wicaksono, K. P. (2017). Respon Pembungaan dan Hasil Tanaman Nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) cv. Smooth Cayenne terhadap Pengurangan Pemupukan dan Aplikasi Etilen. Produksi Tanaman, 5(8), pp. 1346−1355.

Thomas, T.C., and Thomas, A.C. (2009). Vitale Role Of Potassium In The Osmotic Mechanism Of Stomata Aperture Modulation And Its Link With Potassium Deficiency. Plant Signal Behavior, 4(3), pp. 240−243.

Uddin, S., Sarkar, M.A.R., and Rahman, M.M. (2013) Effect Of Nitrogen And Potassium On Yield Of Dry Direct-Seeded Rice Cv. Nerica 1 In Aus Season. Int. J. Agron. Plant Prod., 4, pp. 69–75.

Wahyudi, T., Panggabean, T.R., and Pujiyanto. (2008). Panduan Lengkap Kakao: Manajemen Agribisnis dari Hulu hingga Hilir. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya, pp. 11–37.

Wang, X., Junfeng, L., Fei, L., Yu, P., Dan, C., Dandan, M., Liangbi, C., and Sheng, L. (2021). Rice Potassium Transporter OsHAK8 Mediates KC Uptake and Translocation in Response to Low K+ Stress. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, pp. 1−12.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.76188

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 442 | views : 301

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.





Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) ISSN 0126-4214 (print), ISSN 2527-7162 (online) is published by Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Gadjah Mada collaboration with Perhimpunan Sarjana Pertanian Indonesia (PISPI) and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

web
analytics View My Stats