Kualitas Pengeringan Kayu Mahoni pada Berbagai Variasi Kerapatan Incising dengan Dua Skedul Pengeringan Suhu tinggi
Tomy Listyanto(1*), Fadlul Rahman(2), Hyana Swargarini(3)
(1) Departemen Teknologi Hasil Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281
(2) Departemen Teknologi Hasil Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281
(3) Departemen Teknologi Hasil Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi variasi kerapatan incising dan dua skedul pengeringan terhadap kecepatan dan cacat-cacat pengeringan kayu mahoni, serta mengetahui pengaruh variasi kerapatan incising terhadap kekuatan lengkung statik kayu mahoni yang telah dikeringkan. Tiga pohon mahoni (Swietenia mahagony) berdiameter 300-350 mm ditebang dan selanjutnya dibelah dan dibuat menjadi balok dengan ukuran 60 mm × 100 mm dengan panjang 500 mm untuk dijadikan sampel pengeringan. Di antara masing-masing bagian tersebut, dibuat sampel ukuran 20 mm × 20 mm × 25 mm, yang digunakan untuk penentu kadar air awal dan distribusinya. Sampel pengeringan selanjutnya dibagi menjadi 5 variasi kerapatan incising, yaitu 0 lubang/m2 (tanpa incising), 1000 lubang/m2, 2000 lubang/m2, 3000 lubang/m2, dan 4000 lubang/m2. Setiap variasi kerapatan incising selanjutnya akan dikeringkan dengan 2 skedul pengeringan, yaitu suhu pengeringan 100°C sampai tercapai kadar air akhir 12% dan suhu 60°C pada 8 jam pertama dan selanjutnya dilanjutkan 100°C, sampai tercapai kadar air akhir 12%. Paramater yang diamati adalah kecepatan pengeringan, cacat retak permukaan, dan distribusi kadar air akhir. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan incising 3000-4000 lubang/m2 memberikan pengaruh yang cukup nyata di dalam mempercepat proses pengeringan dan distribusi kadar air akhir. Skedul pengeringan dan variasi kerapatan incising tidak berpengaruh pada retak permukaan. Pra perlakuan incising sampai batas 4000 lubang/m2 ini dapat diterapkan untuk mempercepat proses pengeringan dengan penurunan nilai modulus elastisitas dan modulus patah yang tidak berbeda nyata.
Kata kunci: incising, pengeringan suhu tinggi, mahoni, lengkung statik, skedul pengeringan
Drying Quality of Mahoni Wood in Various Incising Densities and Two High Temperature-Drying Schedules
Abstract
The aims of this research were to investigate the effects of interaction between incising densities and two drying schedules on drying rate and defects as well as to examine the effect of incising densities on static bending characteristics of dried mahogany. Tree mahogany (Swietenia mahogany) trees with the diameter of 300-350 mm were cut and sawn into columns with the dimension of 60 mm ×100 mm × 500 mm. Each column was cut into five parts with the length of 500 mm. A small sample with the dimension of 20 mm × 20 mm × 25 mm were taken in between drying sample to measure moisture content. Five incising densities, which were 0 holes/m2 (unincised), 1000 holes/m2, 2000 holes/m2, 3000 holes/m2 and holes/m2, were applied to the drying sample. Samples were dried with two different drying schedules until the moisture content of 12%. Drying rate, defects, and moisture distribution were measured to evaluate the drying quality. Static bending test was applied to examine the strength properties. The results showed that incising densities of 3000-4000 holes/m2 could significantly improve drying rate and final moisture content distribution. There was no significants defects due to the variation of incising densities and drying schedules. No significant decrease of modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture among five incising densities was found in this research.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
- BS 373. 1957 Methods of testing small clear specimens of timber. British Standards Institution, London, UK. 32 .
- Cech MY & Huffman DR. 1971. High temperature kiln drying of spruce joist. Forest Product Journal 21(10), 55-60.
- Chudnoff M. 1972. Void volume wood: an any tree-whole tree use concept. Forest Product Journal 22(6), 49-53.
- Erickson R & Demaree L. 1972. The drying of predrilled aspen lumber. Forest Product Journal 22, 48–50.
- Fruhwald E. 2007. Effect of high-temperature drying on properties of Norway spruce and larch. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff 65, 411-418.
- Gerhards CC. 1979. Effect of high temperature drying on tensile strength of Douglas-fir 2 by 4’s. Forest Product Journal 29(3), 39-46.
- Hattori N, Ando K, Kitayama S, Kubo T, & Kobayashi Y. 1997. Application of laser incising to microwave drying of sugi square lumber with black-heart. Forest Resource Environment 35, 53-60.
- Kollmann FFP. 1961. High temperature drying: research, application, and experience in Germany. Forest Product Journal 11(11), 508-515.
- Langrish T & Walker JCF. 2006. Drying of Timber. Dalam : Wood Primary Processing. Walker, JCF (Ed.). Springer, Dordrecht.
- Listyanto T, Ando K, Yamauchi H, & Hattori N. 2013. Microwave and steam injection drying of CO2 laser incised Sugi Lumber. Journal of Wood Science 59(4), 282-289.
- Lee NH, Li C, Zhao XF, & Park MJ. 2010. Effect of pretreatment with high temperature and low humidity on drying time and prevention of checking during radio-frequency/vacuum drying of Japanese cedar pillar. Journal of Wood Science 56(1), 19-24.
- Martawijaya A, Kartasudjana I, Mandang Y, Prawira SA, & Kadir K. 2005. Atlas Kayu Indonesia Jilid I. Departemen Kehutanan, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan. Bogor.
- Obataya E, Shibutani S, Hanata K, & Doi S. 2006. Effect of high temperature kiln drying on practical performance of japan cedar wood (Cryptomeria japonica) I : changes in hygroscopicity due to heating. Journal of Wood Science 52, 33-38.
- Palmer JR. 1994. Designing commercially promising tropical timber species. Dalam : Tropical Trees: The Potential for Domestication and the Rebuilding of Forest Resources. Leakey RRB dan Newton AC (Eds). Proceedings of a Conference organized by the Edinburgh Centre for Tropical Forests; 1992 August 23-28; HMSO, London: Heriot-Watt University. 16-24.
- Pandey D & Brown C. 2000. Teak: a global review. Unasylva 51(201), 3-13.
- Rhatigan RG, Milota MR, Morrel JJ, & Lavery MR. 2003. Effect of high temperature drying on permeability and treatment of western hemlock lumber. Forest Products Journal 53(9), 55-58.
- Rosen HN, Bodkin RE, & Gaddis KD. 1983. Pressure steam drying of lumber. Forest Product Journal 33(1), 17-24. Sehlstedt-Persson SMB. 1995. High-temperature drying of Scots pine: a comparison between HTand LT-drying. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff 53, 95-99.
- Siau JF. 1984. Transport Processes in Wood. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 245.
- Simpson WT. 1987. Laser incising to increase drying rate of wood. Wood and Fiber Science 19(1), 9-24.
- Skaar C. 1988. Wood-water Relations. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. 279 .
- Stamm AJ & Raleigh NC. 1967. Movement of fluids in wood. Part I: flow fluids in wood. Wood Science and Technology 1, 122-141
- Winandy JE & Morrell JJ. 1998. Effects of incising on lumber strength and stiffness: relationships between incision density and depth, species and MSR grade. Wood and Fiber Science 30(2), 185-197.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.16513
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 11597 | views : 19355Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2016 Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
© Editorial Board Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Building D 2nd floor
Jl. Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
Phone. +62-274-512102, +62-274-550541, +62-274-6491420
Fax. +62-274-550541 E-mail : jik@ugm.ac.id
former website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/
new website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/jik/
Indexed by:
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan is under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International