Risiko Kepunahan Keanekaragaman Hayati di Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi: Tinjauan Spasial

https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.10189

Hero Marhaento(1*), Lies Rahayu Wijayanti Faida(2)

(1) Bagian Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Agro No.1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
(2) Bagian Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Agro No.1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Gunung Merapi merupakan habitat dari berbagai spesies khas pegunungan Jawa bagian tengah. Namun demikian, tingginya aktivitas vulkanik Gunung Merapi dan besarnya tekanan masyarakat terhadap kawasan menyebabkan keanekaragaman hayati di sekitar kawasan Gunung Merapi berisiko untuk punah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis spasial risiko kepunahan keanekaragaman hayati di Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi (TNGM). Analisis risiko dilakukan dengan mengukur komponen risiko, yaitu: kerawanan, elemen yang berisiko, dan kerentanan. Identifikasi komponen risiko dilakukan dengan melaksanakan grup diskusi terarah dengan staf Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi. Analisis risiko diukur menggunakan analisis spasial dengan perangkat lunak ArcGIS 10.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi memiliki kawasan dengan tingkat risiko tinggi seluas 2185.6 ha (35,6%), risiko sedang seluas 3910,1 ha (63,6%), dan risiko rendah seluas 49,8 ha (0,8%). Wilayah yang berisiko tinggi berada di wilayah Resort Pengelolaan Taman Nasional (RPTN) Dukun Kabupaten Magelang, RPTN Turi-Pakem Kabupaten Sleman, dan RPTN Kemalang Kabupaten Klaten.

Kata kunci: analisis risiko, keanekaragaman hayati, Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi, analisis spasial, vulkanik.

 

Risk of biodiversity extinction in Gunung Merapi National Park : Spatial assession

Abstract

The Mount Merapi (MM) has a unique landscape and becomes the habitat for mountainous species in the central Java, Indonesia. However, high volcanic activities and massive public pressure on its natural resources have increased the risk of biodiversity extinction in the MM. This study aims to assess the spatial risk of biodiversity extinction in the Mount Merapi National Park (MMNP). The risk analysis has been done by spatially measuring the risk elements i.e. hazard area, element at risk, and vulnerability rate. A Focus Group Discussion has been done to define and to identify components of each risk element. A spatial analysis using ArcGIS 10.1 has been used to measure the risk. The results showed that MMNP have three levels of risks: high risk level area (2185.6 ha, 35. 6%), moderate risk area (3910.1 ha, 63.6%) and low risk area (49.8 ha, 0.8%). The high risk areas were located in Resort Pengelolaan Taman Nasional (RPTN) Dukun in Magelang Distict, RPTN Turi-Pakem in Sleman District, and RPTN Kemalang in Klaten District.


Keywords


risk analysis; biodiversity; Mount Merapi National Park; spatial analysis; volcanic

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Balvanera P, Pfisterer AB, Buchmann N, He J, Nakashizuka T, Raffaelli D, & Schmid B. 2006. Quantifying the evidence for biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and services. Ecology Letters 9(10), 1146-1156.
  2. Cahyana AN. 2009. Pemodelan Spasial Habitat Elang Jawa (Spizaetus Bartelsi Stresemann, 1924), Elang Hitam (Ictinaetus Malayanus Temminck, 1822), dan Elang-Ular Bido (Spilornis cheela Latham, 1790) dengan Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis di Kabupaten Ciamis Bagian Utara. Skripsi (Tidak dipublikasikan). Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan dan Ekowisata, Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor
  3. Chapin FS, Zavaleta ES, Eviner VT, Naylor RL, Vitousek PM, Reynolds HL, Hooper DU, Lavorel S, Sala OE, Hobbie SE, Mack MC, & Díaz S. 2000. Consequences of changing biodiversity. Nature 405, 234-242.
  4. Díaz S, Fargione J, Chapin III FS, & Tilman D. 2006. Biodiversity loss threatens human well-being. PLoS biology 4(8), e277.
  5. Djuwantoko, Purnomo DW, & Laksono FY. 2005. Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi : Peluang dan tantangan realisasi Taman Nasional di Pulau Jawa bagian tengah. Seminar Nasional : Menuju Taman Nasional Gunung Lawu. DOI: http://lib.ugm.ac.id/digitasi/upload/2723_MU.11110010.pdf
  6. Dowie M. 2011. Conservation refugees: the hundred-year conflict between global conservation and native peoples. MIT Press.
  7. Hansen AJ, Neilson RP, Dale VH, Flather CH, Iverson LR, Currie DJ, & Bartlein PJ. 2001. Global change in forests: Responses of species, communities, and biomes interactions between climate change and land use are projected to cause large shifts in biodiversity. BioScience 51(9), 765-779.
  8. Indrawan M, Primarck RB, & Suprijatna J. 2007. Biologi Konservasi (edisi revisi). Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Jakarta.
  9. Kuussaari M, Bommarco R, Heikkinen RK, Helm A, Krauss J, Lindborg R, Öckinger E, Pärtel M, Pino J, Rodà F, Stefanescu C, Teder T, Zobel M, & Steffan-Dewenter I. 2009. Extinction debt: A challenge for biodiversity conservation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 24(10), 564-571.
  10. Loreau M, Naeem S, Inchausti P, Bengtsson J, Grime JP, Hector A, Hooper DU, Huston MA, Raffaelli D, Schmid B, Tilman D, & Wardle DA. 2001. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: current knowledge and future challenges. Science 294, 804-808.
  11. Marhaento H & Kurnia A. 2015. Refleksi 5 tahun paska erupsi Gunung Merapi 2010: Menaksir kerugian ekologis di kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi. Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 2(2), 69-81.
  12. Moore H. 1956. Towards a theory of disaster. American Sociological Review 21, 734-737.
  13. Nijman V & van Balen S. (Bas). 2003. Wandering stars: age-related habitat use and dispersal of Javan Hawk-eagles (Spizaetus bartelsi). Journal fur Ornithologie 144, 451-458.
  14. Novacek MJ & Cleland EE. 2001. The current biodiversity extinction event: scenarios for mitigation and recovery. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98(10), 5466-5470.
  15. Setiadi AP, Rakhman Z, Nurwatha PF, Muchtar M, & Raharjaningtrah W. 2000. Status, Distribusi, Populasi, Ekologi dan Konservasi Elang Jawa Spizaetus bartelsi, Stressemann 1924 di Jawa Barat Bagian Selatan. Laporan Akhir BP/FFI/Birdlife International/YPAL-HIMBIO UNPAD, Bandung
  16. Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi. 2011. Laporan Restorasi Ekosistem TN Gunung Merapi Paska Erupsi 2010. Yogyakarta. Tidak dipublikasikan.
  17. Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi. 2012. Laporan Review Zonasi Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi. Yogyakarta. Tidak dipublikasikan.
  18. UNDRO. 1982. Natural disasters and vulnerability analysis. Report of Expert Group Meeting. Office of The United Nations Disaster Relief Coordinator, Geneva.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.10189

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 14925 | views : 19020

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2015 Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

© Editorial Board Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Building D 2nd floor
Jl. Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
Phone. +62-274-512102, +62-274-550541, +62-274-6491420
Fax. +62-274-550541 E-mail : jik@ugm.ac.id
former website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/
new website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/jik/

 

Indexed by:

 

Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan is under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International