Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jfs
<p>Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada (Journal of Fisheries Sciences) is a journal published by the Department of Fisheries Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia, to promote critical studies on various investigative issues of interest in the field of fisheries sciences between researchers, academics, students and the general public, as a means of communication, dissemination and utilization of wider scientific works. This journal is nationally accredited as Sinta 2 by Direktur Jenderal Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan, Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia <a title="Reakreditasi JFS 2021 S2" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AVCi1N93kIz6NJE3861CftL3mNkmFfTf/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">No.158/E/KPT/2021</a> valid from Vol. 22 No. 2, 2020 to Vol. 27 No. 1, 2025 and publish two-issue yearly in January-June and July-December.</p><p>Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada accepts manuscripts in the form of original research, reviews and short communication in all areas of fisheries sciences including but not limited to Aquaculture, Fish Diseases, Fisheries Biology, Fisheries Product Technology, Utilization and Management of Fishery Resources, Fisheries Agribusiness, Extension and Institutional Development and Marine Science. Furthermore, Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada also accepts selected manuscripts in collaboration with <a title="SEMNASKAN UGM" href="http://semnaskan-ugm.org/" target="_blank">Semnaskan UGM (Seminar Nasional Tahunan Hasil Perikanan dan Kelautan)</a> and <a title="ISMFR" href="http://ismfr-ugm.org">ISMFR (International Symposium on Marine and Fisheries Research)</a>.</p><p>Since 2021, Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada only accepts manuscripts written in English. All manuscripts should be submitted via our online submission system (<a title="Register JFS" href="/jfs/user/register" target="_blank">https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jfs/user/register</a>). Prior to the manuscript submission, authors should first register as the author (only done once for the first time). From this online system, authors are then able to upload manuscripts (text, figures, and supplementary information) and check the status of their manuscripts during the review process. All manuscripts are subjected to the double-blind peer review process and once the review process results as “accepted” (the manuscripts are of high quality, not previously published and are not under consideration for publication by another journal) would be published without any delay in subsequent issues.</p><p>On behalf of the Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada, I would like to extend my regard to all my fellow researchers and scholars for their contribution to this journal and for the development of the research in Fisheries Science.</p>Universitas Gadjah Madaen-USJurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada0853-6384<p>With the receipt of the article by the <span id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada</span></span> Editorial Board and the decision to be published, then the copyright regarding the article will be diverted to <span id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada</span></span></p><p><span>Departement of Fisheries Gadjah Mada University (UGM) hold the copyright regarding all the published articles in this journal. </span></p><p>Departement of Fisheries Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada has the right to multiply and distribute the article. Thanks to Fisheries Departement and Agriculture Faculty UGM that was funded this journal sustainability.</p><p>The manuscript authentic and copyright statement submission can be downloaded <a title="pernyataan" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1woaYkUVhpFrm8SpeNOB_g4fiVfagkoLC/view">ON THIS FORM</a>. <br /><br />Fill out the form and submit via email or fax to the following address:</p><p> </p><p>Mgs Muhammad Prima Putra, Ph.D</p><p>Editorial-in-Chief of <span id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="hps">Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada</span></span></p><p>Departement of Fisheries </p><p>Gedung A4 Jl. Flora Bulaksumur Sleman Yogyakarta 55281, Telp. 0274-551218, Fax. 0274-551218, Email: jurnalperikanan.faperta@ugm.ac.id</p><p> </p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license"><img style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a><br />Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.Editorial
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jfs/article/view/92502
Editorial board Volume 25 Issue 2 2023Ahmad Husein
Copyright (c) 2023 Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada
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2023-12-302023-12-3025210.22146/jfs.92502Acute Exposure to Textile Waste Water Altered the Reproduction Biomarkers in Clarias gariepinus Broodstock
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jfs/article/view/81964
<p>This study was prompted by an earlier study that revealed the absence of gonads in all fish species caught around the Itoku tributary of the Ogun River, an area known for active textile activities. Thus, this study investigated the effect of textile wastewater on reproduction biomarkers in African catfish broodstock. Male and female broodstock were exposed to varying pre-determined concentrations (0ppb-T0, 0.5ppb-T1, 0.35ppb-T2, 2ppb-T3) of the textile wastewater for a period of 96 hours. Water quality parameters, seminal/ovarian hormones, metabolites, ions, oxidative, enzymes, and sperm viability were assayed. The water quality parameters of the wastewater indicated varying degrees of physical and chemical pollution. The values of hormones were significantly different (p<0.05) although a trend was not observed. Prolactin, however, showed a marked difference statistically across the treatments in the male broodstock while a reverse trend was observed in the female broodstock. The values recorded for seminal metabolites increased significantly compared to the control except for T3 for cholesterol and T1 glucose which were significantly lower than the control. In the female broodstock, the values for glucose and creatinine significantly increased compared to the control. Seminal ions evaluated showed significant differences across treatments. Except for T1, there was a significant reduction observed in the values of sodium, chloride, and calcium compared to the control. For ovarian<strong> </strong>ions, a significant increase was recorded across the treatments compared to the control. However, sodium recorded a significant decrease compared to the control except for T3 where the value was higher than the control. In the male broodstock, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase values were significantly lower compared to control while an opposite trend was observed in the female broodstock. The concentration of sperm and life- to-death ratio significantly reduced across treatments compared to the control. These results indicate that the textile wastewater altered the reproduction biomarkers in the male and female broodstock. The implication of this is that reproduction in fish might become a challenge in textile wastewater polluted Itoku tributary of the Ogun River.</p>Abiola Fadilat DurojaiyeNathanael Akinsafe BamideleMusa DaboAdijat Remilekun Moshood
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2023-12-302023-12-3025211912910.22146/jfs.81964Guppy Fish (Poecilia reticulata) Behavior and Growth Are Affected by Variations in Light Color
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jfs/article/view/85836
<p>This study aims to determine the effect of different colors of light on the behavior and growth of guppy fish (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>). This research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications. The treatment used was treatment A with a white light color, treatment B with a red light color, treatment C with a yellow light color, and treatment D with a blue light color. The parameters observed were growth in absolute weight, fish behavior, and water quality (temperature and pH). Data analysis with One Way Anova and further test with LSD using SPSS 25. Based on the statistical hypothesis test with One Way ANOVA showed F count (3.828) > F table (3.24) 5% level for guppy fish growth parameters so that the results are the effect of different light colors on the growth of guppy fish in each treatment. Fish behavior in all treatments gave a positive phototaxis response. The quality of the water in the experimental medium was within acceptable limits for guppy fish cultivation, 26-28°C for water temperature and 7 for the degree of acidity (pH) of water.</p>Ainanur Fauziyah AlmaasHarlita Harlita
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2023-12-302023-12-3025213113510.22146/jfs.85836Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Catfish Farming Income in Kampar Regency
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jfs/article/view/80908
<p>The Covid-19 pandemic that has occurred since 2020 is thought to have a different magnitude of impact on each type of catfish farming in Kampar Regency. This study aimed to analyze the structure of costs and revenues as well as differences in income from catfish farming based on the type of farming in Kampar Regency before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was carried out in Koto Mesjid Village and Kuok Village from November 2021 to June 2022. The sample in this study was 60 farmers who farmed catfish for smoked fish raw materials were determined using a purposive sampling technique, and 60 farmers who farmed catfish for consumption were determined using a simple random sampling technique. The analytical method used is the structure of costs and revenues analysis, income analysis, and different tests. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant difference between income earned before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, there is no significant difference in income obtained between types of farming. Based on the R/C ratio of cash costs, catfish farming as raw material for smoked fish is financially feasible. However, based on the R/C ratio of total costs, no catfish farming is economically feasible to run during the Covid-19 pandemic.</p>Syafira Aulia RangganisAnna FariyantiDwi Rachmina
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2023-12-302023-12-3025213714210.22146/jfs.80908The Combination of Aquatic Species in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture with Paddy in Brackish Water: An Investigation of Feed Utilization Performance
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jfs/article/view/83347
<p>This study investigated the performance of artificial feed in the Integrated Multi Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system through a combination of milkfish, tiger shrimp, and clam involving paddy in brackish water. The three combination groups (C) and triplicate including milkfish and paddy (C-2), milkfish, tiger shrimp, and paddy (K-3), and milkfish, tiger prawns, clams, and paddy (C-4) were examinated for 80 days on a model sheeting pond designed to have a volume of 280 L and a density of 30 individuals. Meanwhile, 30 clumps of paddy were maintained through the floating method which is constructed from bamboo with an area of 1 m<sup>2</sup>. Feeding 3 times a day with 5% of biomass resulted a mean Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Index Profit (IP) of 2.1 and 2.0 for C-2, 2.0 and 2.9 for C-3, and 1.9 and 3.1 for C-4, respectively. The results showed that the best trend pattern were the combination of C-3 species which were statistically found to have a significant effect (P<0.05) on FCR and IP performances. The findings of current study have practical significance for the expansion of co-culture of paddy and aquatic animals in brackish water which important by ecologically, biologically, and economically.</p>Heriansah HeriansahIndra CahyonoHamsiah Hamsiah
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2023-12-302023-12-3025214314910.22146/jfs.83347Effect of Adding Carrageenan Processing Solid Waste from Eucheuma cottonii to Art Paper Manufacture from Water Hyacinth
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jfs/article/view/81411
<p>The carrageenan industry produces solid waste <em>E. cottonii</em> of 65% to 70%, so it had the potential to be used as a paper material. The aimed of this study was to analyze the effect of the concentration of <em>E. cottonii</em> waste which was added in the production of art paper from water hyacinth stems on the quality of the paper. The experimental design used was Complete Randomized Design with 1 factor, namely the difference of <em>Eucheuma cottonii</em> waste concentration (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (w/w)). The results showed that the addition of carrageenan processing from <em>E. cottonii</em> with difference concentration gave significantly different (p<0.05) on the value of grammage, tensile strength, tear resistance, density, and lightness of the paper. The best concentration of <em>Eucheuma </em>cottonii was 15% because it had the highest tear resistance value (p<0.05) and higher of lightness than the concentration of 0% and 10% (p<0.05). Paper with waste <em>E. cottonii </em>15% had a grammage 148.93 g/m<sup>2</sup>; tensile resistance 1.28 kN/m; tear resistance 2497.37 mN; density 1.52 g/cm<sup>3</sup>; and lightness L* 80.19. The results of microstructure observations using Scanning Electron Microscopy<em> </em>(SEM) were the paper with <em>E. cottonii</em> waste 15% seen less free space (tighter) than other papers. Based on the grammage and tensile resistance value, paper with <em>E. cottonii</em> waste 10% according to Indonesian National Standard 8218:2015 regarding paper and cardboard for food packaging requirements.</p>Almira ParamithaEko Nurcahya DewiRetno Ayu Kurniasih
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2023-12-302023-12-3025215115610.22146/jfs.81411Evaluation of Recombinant Viral Inhibitor Protein for Whiteleg Shrimp Resistance Against White Spot Syndrome Virus
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jfs/article/view/76626
<p>Viral inhibitor protein (VIP) contributes to shrimp resistance against virus infection. VIP can be used as a new strategy to control white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in shrimp culture by inhibiting its action. This study aimed to evaluate the application of VIP on the whiteleg shrimp (<em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>) to inhibit the WSSV infection. Shrimp at an average body weight of 6.66±0.08 g was injected by recombinant VIP with two different concentrations (1 μg/g and 10 μg/g) and challenged with WSSV. As a positive control was the shrimp not injected with recombinant VIP and challenged with WSSV, and as a negative control was the shrimp not injected with recombinant VIP and not challenged with WSSV. The results showed that the survival rate of shrimp that were injected with recombinant VIP was significantly increased after being challenged with WSSV (P<0.05). The survival and immune response of shrimp that were injected with recombinant VIP were higher than the positive controls (P<0.05). In this study, the application of recombinant VIP can significantly increase the shrimp resistance against WSSV up to 95.65% higher than the positive control.</p>Afif AbdurrahmanAlimuddin AlimuddinAgus Oman SudrajatSri Nuryati
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2023-12-302023-12-3025215716110.22146/jfs.76626Assessment of Brown Algae (Phaeophyceae) and Sediment Collected from Sanur Coastal Waters Based on Bioaccumulation Factors and Human Health Risks Related to Microplastic Ingestion Exposure
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jfs/article/view/84978
<p>This study aimed to analyze Microplastics (MPs) contamination in brown algae and sediments, and their bioaccumulation factors, and estimate the risk to human health associated with exposure to ingested MPs collected from the water of the Sanur Beach, Bali Province. The samples were collected from three beaches which were determined using a purposive sampling method. The mean number of MPs found in <em>P. australis</em> was the same on all beaches, namely 17 items/seaweed, higher than <em>S. aquifolium</em> on all beaches. Line-shaped MPs were dominantly found in all algae (98.76%). A high percentage of line-shaped MPs was found in sediments at Mertasari and Semawang Beaches, but not at Sindhu Beach. The highest mean size of MPs in algae was found in <em>P. australis</em> at Semawang Beach, and sediments at Mertasari beach. The highest concentrations of MPs were also found in <em>P. australis</em> on the three coasts. The BAF value showed that the absorption of MPs in the sediment to brown algae was still low (<1). Values related to intake of brown algae consumption ranged from 190.58-1429.41 MPs item/week adjusted for calculation recommendations.</p>I Made Gde Sudyadnyana SandhikaPutu Angga WiradanaI Gede WidhiantaraI Wayan RosianaAnak Agung Ayu Putri PermatasariNi Kadek Yunita SariEmanuel Maramba HamuAgoes SoegiantoBambang Yulianto
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2023-12-302023-12-3025216317310.22146/jfs.84978Analysis of Carbon Sequestration Rate in Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Based on Environmental Mitigation
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jfs/article/view/89967
<p>Blue economy is a development concept that develops by relying on marine or aquatic resources. An increase in carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) in the atmosphere is fueling climate change. This study aims to analyze the rate of carbon uptake in the waters, using seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii which utilizes carbon to be converted into biomass before returning to the air. The results showed that highest carbon absorption rate was found in location A with the highest total carbon absorption of 94.87±0.77 tons C/planting cycle, then treatment B with 83.96±0.54 tons C/planting cycle, and the lowest in treatment C with 76.88±0.18 tons C/planting cycle. Water quality parameters are still mostly in decent condition for the cultivation of <em>Kappaphycus alvarezii</em> seaweed. Salinity conditions of waters are relatively high (35-39 ppt) even though the optimum seaweed grows in the range of 30-34 ppt. The conclusion of the study is that the highest total carbon is found at Location A, which is 94.87±0.77 tons C/planting cycle. The suggestion of this study is that it is necessary to analyze the suitability of seaweed cultivation land with various water quality parameters, so that mapping of potential types of seaweed that can be cultivated according to the characteristics and quality of the waters.</p>Muhammad SahirIsma RiskianiUttari DewiMuhammad Yusfi Yusuf
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2023-12-302023-12-3025217518010.22146/jfs.89967Monitoring of Aquatic Environmental Factors on the Growth of Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaues vannamei Boone, 1931)
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jfs/article/view/83813
<p>The environment is an important aspect and can be an indicator of the success of whiteleg shrimp culture. Stable water quality is a condition when water quality meets the requirements of growing whiteleg shrimp. This study aims to determine the aquatic environmental factors on the growth of whiteleg shrimp. There were 3 ponds observed in this research with an area of 2.000 m<sup>2</sup>, 2.500 m<sup>2</sup>, and 350 m<sup>2</sup> respectively. The result of the research shows that the water quality of whiteleg shrimp culture is still in the feasible category. Several parameters show fluctuated results beyond optimal values such as dissolved oxygen, salinity, total ammonia nitrogen, and total organic matter. The results of the correlation test showed that all the quality parameters of whiteleg shrimp culture had varying degrees of relationship. The highest correlation level was obtained in salinity, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. Water quality in each pond has a very strong relationship to the growth of mean body weight (10.31 g, 10.92 g, and 11.39 g), average daily growth (0.4142 g, 0.4971 g, and 0.3557 g), and survival rate (92.4%, 92.4%, and 92.3%).</p>Muhammad AkbarurrasyidEga Aditya PramaKennedi SembiringMeliana AnjarsariAchmad SofianWahyu Puji Astiyani
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2023-12-302023-12-3025218118810.22146/jfs.83813Effect of Maggot‒Tofu Dreg Mixed Flours with Addition of Lysine on Formulation of Fish Feed to Accelerate the Growth of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jfs/article/view/85977
<p>Maggot flour, which contains high protein has potential in the development of fish feed. The focus of this study was to investigate the formulation of fish feed based on mixed flours (maggot and tofu dregs flours) with the addition of lysine to improve feed quality and feeding efficiency. The Pearson Square Method (PSM) was used in the formulation process of fish feed with a total protein target of 35%. The formulated fish feed was applied on tilapia fish (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>). The fish weight and ammonia levels in the water were also measured to determine the effect of fish feed on water quality. The highest protein content (33%) was obtained from ratio of mixed flours of 3:1 (%(w/w)). The highest floatability value of fish feed was 194±2 sec. The optimum results for fish growth were obtained from mixed ratio of maggot flour and tofu dregs of 3:1 % (w/w). with the addition of 2 % (w/w) of lysine. The optimal growth rate of fish was 0.041 g·day<sup>-1</sup> after 30 days of the experiment. While the level of ammonia in the water was not affected by the fish feed formulation or the addition of lysine in the fish feed. Thus, the amino acid lysine greatly influences the feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate so that it has the potential to accelerate the growth of tilapia.</p>Akbar RahmatullahVita ParamitaDaffa Ikhlasul AmalHermawan Dwi Ariyanto
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2023-12-302023-12-3025218919510.22146/jfs.85977Effects Density and Salinity of Artificial Brackish Water on the Growth and Physiological Perfomance of Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931)
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jfs/article/view/80976
<p>The increase in shrimp culture causes problems with the quality of seawater which is a source of water for whiteleg shrimp culture it self. The use of artificial brackish water as a culture medium is an effort to increase the availability of water sources for whiteleg shrimp culture. This study aims to (1) determine the optimum stocking density of whiteleg shrimp culture using artificial brackish water salinity based on carrying capacity, (2) determine mineral content (Mg, Ca, Na and K) in artificial brackish water, (3) study the effect of salinity on the growth and blood glucose concentration of whiteleg shrimp cultivated in artificial brackish water, (4) examine the effect of salinity on hemolymph osmolarity of whiteleg shrimp cultivated in artificial brackish water. This study used an experimental method consisting of two stages. Each stage was arranged using a completely randomized design (CRD). Obtained stocking densities of SD-50% (20 shrimps/50L), SD (40 shrimps/50L) and SD+50% (60 shrimps/50L). The best growth and performance were obtained in the treatment of 20 individuals, namely survival (SR) 87%, specific growth rate (SGR) 3.26%/day and hemolymph glucose concentration of 30.73 mg/dl. In the next stage of the research, the salinity treatments tested were seawater, 10 ppt, 15 ppt, 20 ppt and 25 ppt. The best shrimp performance was obtained in treatment 20 shrimps/50 L, namely survival rate 70.00%, specific growth rate (SGR) 1.55%/day, feed conversion ratio (FCR) 1.72, glucose haemolymp 73.44 mg/dl. The optimal osmotic work level (OWL) value is obtained at a salinity of 15-20 ppt.</p>Harri Ganda PrawiraRustadi RustadiSusilo Budi Priyono
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2023-12-302023-12-3025219720610.22146/jfs.80976Characteristics of Fishing Vessels Owned by Fishermen from the Ujong Baroh Fish Landing Base (PPI) West Aceh Regency
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jfs/article/view/81030
<p>Fishing vessel is one of an important thing among a fishing unit. All fishing activities are carried out on fishing vessel. In Indonesia, the shape and size of fishing vessels are vary, depending on the habits of the fishers and the area where the fishing vessels are built and operated. In West Aceh Regency, there are fishing vessels with various sizes. This study aims to identify the shape of fishing vessels measuring less than 10 gross tonnages (GT) at the Fish Landing Base (PPI) Ujong Baroh, West Aceh Regency. This identification is intended as a basis for reference in formulating fishing vessel design that follows the local wisdom of fishers in West Aceh Regency. This reference fishing vessel design can help the government and other parties provide aid fishing vessel for fishers in West Aceh Regency. The direct observation and measurement of fishing vessels were used in this research. Descriptive and numerical method used in analysis data. The number of sample was 27 fishing vessels consist of 10 sample with size of 1-5 GT and 17 with a size of 6-10 GT. The result show that fishing vessels in Aceh Barat District have a transom shape longitudinally and a round bottom or a round flat bottom shape transversely. All fishing vessels in West Aceh have a raked bow and a cruiser-shaped stern. The main dimensions ratio of group 6-10 GT is smaller than group 1-5 GT. The stability parameters of the two forms of fishing vessels follow the stability parameter values recommended by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The static stability of fishing vessels with round flat bottom is better than round bottom.</p>Juhari JuhariYopi NovitaBudi Hascaryo Iskandar
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2023-12-302023-12-3025220721410.22146/jfs.81030Adaptation of African and Striped Catfish in Peat Water of Low pH
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jfs/article/view/78743
<p>The adaptation of African (<em>Clarias gariepinus</em>) and striped catfish (<em>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</em>) on peat water with low pH was successfully done. The treated fish were reared on a mixture gradient of peat water and borehole water in the fiber tanks as an adaptation process, with a control treatment of 100% borehole water. After adapting to 100% peat water, catfish were then transferred into the enclosure nets (<em>hapa</em>) and placed on a man-made peat water pond. The mortality, length, weight of catfish, and water quality parameters were recorded and measured. Results showed that subject catfish can be adapted and adapt with peat water of low pH from the fingerling size to adult with small mortality. Fish were acclimatized and gradually adapted after 58 days in the fiber tanks with nearly 100% peat water, and let for the next 38 days. The growth rate of both catfish between the treatment and control tank did not significantly differ. Fish was then moved to the enclosure nets on the ponds after 96 days. This indicates that by adaptation mechanism, catfish can survive and grow in peat water of low pH and possibly be reared in dynamic peat waters (rivers, lakes, and ponds).</p>Ardianor ArdianorNoor Syarifuddin YusufTutwuri HandayaniHamdhani Hamdhani
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2023-12-302023-12-3025221522710.22146/jfs.78743