Identification of National Road Maintenance Needs based on Strategic Plan of Directorate General of Bina Marga (2015-2019)

The enhancement of connectivity between the main corridors of the economy in South Sumatera, as a purpose of the Strategic Plan of Directorate General Bina Marga and also an objective of MP3EI, Master Plan for Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia's Economic Development which is an ambitious plan by the Indonesian government to accelerate the realization of becoming a developed country would be able to achieve on the requirement of good condition on performance and pavement. In order to support the optimal condition of the road, the identification of road management was conducted to determine the necessity of road maintenance based on technical conditions and importance level of development of the road traversed. The management program proposed is expected to be used as a baseline in determining the maintenance of the road network in South Sumatera from 2015 until 2019. This research used Multi-criteria Analysis (MCA) method, which consists of: (1) road network performance, covering width of roadways, traffic flow, V/C ratio, travel speed and travel time of the vehicle, and (2) pavement condition, with IRI, SDI, and the proportion of good pavement condition as a parameter. Multi-criteria analysis used combined road condition assessment score and importance level of development of the area traversed by. This analysis was conducted from 2015 until 2019. The research concluded that maintenance necessity in 2015 were dominated by routine maintenance (95.86% of the total length), then in 2016 until 2019 the needs were dominated by routine maintenance (near 100% of the total length). As the maintenance applied, a vast amount of total road length fulfilled as an achievement target. The results are follows: (a) 100 % with width of roadways ≥ 7 meter, (b) 97.83% with V/C ratio < 0.75, (c) 18.50% with travel speed > 60km/hour, (d) 17.32% with travel time (TT) < 1.6 hour/100km, (e) 100% with good pavement condition > 95%, (f) 90.37% with IRI < 4 m/Km, and (g) 91.59 with SDI < 50. Yet with the achievement of 100% of total road length with a minimum width 7.0 meter, and 90.37% of total road length with an IRI less than 4.0 m/km in 2019, the impact was not significant on increasing length of the road with a travel time (TT) less than 1.6 hour/100km. The condition is caused by there are no maintenance requirements concerning the improvement of the substandard road geometric.


INTRODUCTION
The Republic of Indonesia Laws No. 38 of 2004(Government of Indonesia, 2004) concerning Road mentioned that national road has important role in the region economy enhancement, therefore its service must be safe, secure, comfortable, and has effective and efficient budget.The road network management programming that Directorate General Bina Marga held to date is limited to reactive action on every year, so that it impressed a late handling, for the budget program for year n is based on the existing condition of the same year (Koesno and Marbun, 1995;Sepang and Mouradhy, 1995;Pickford, 2013).
Based on the strategic program target (Directorate General of Bina Marga, 2014), the Directorate General Bina Marga needs to arrange a more comprehensive 2015-2019 medium-term program, by combining structural condition with road development priority of the area growth.This means that identification on national roads necessity is needed, based on the direction from Directorate General Bina Marga Strategic Plan of 2015-2019, thus it could be expected that it could be the management baseline of each year for the next 5 years.Directorate General Bina Marga must change the old paradigm of reactive approach to a more preventive approach, by creating a more rational anticipation program, particularly on the national road important traffics.
The objective of this research is to provide suggestion for the road management necessity program that combines structural technical condition of the road with the growth area interest level which the national road network traversed, in order to create an optimal, effective, and efficient road management program.

ROAD NETWORK CONNECTIVITY ENHANCEMENT EFFORT
Directorate General Bina Marga Strategic Plan of 2015-2019 mentioned that one of the biggest challenges in creating road network connectivity is to achieve national road travel time of 1.0-2.0hour per 100 km on 2019 (Ardhiarini, 2015).This means that the national road function as the primary arterial road that has travel speed of minimum 60 km/hour must be reverted, by minimizing disturbance in the right-ofway and the road usage space.1.This research plot could be seen in Figure 1, which then conducted in accordance with the research steps, as seen in Figure 2.

Identification of National Road Network Management Necessity Suggestion
The analysis result of road preservation necessity showed that the inter-city and city national road preservation program of South Sumatra in 2015-2019 were dominated by minor routine maintenance, routine condition maintenance, and routine preventive maintenance.This means that generally, the initial condition in each year is in goodcategory so that it would not need minor rehabilitation program, as seen in Figure 3 up to Figure 7.
The multi-criteria analysis that combined the rating score of technical structural road condition with the           The result from transportation modeling in the form of significant road length achievement of South Sumatra National Road based on the Directorate General Bina Marga 2015-2019 strategic plan program target could be seen in Table 2.The target of the road length that undergo road widening to 7.0 meter (medium road) is 100% fulfilled (2019) and increased from 73.76% (2014).
This condition is quite optimal because 97.83% of the road length has achieved V/C ratio <0.75 (2019), although the increase was not significant from the 96.67% in 2014.The achievement target of the national road length based on travel speed <1.5 hour/100 km was still low, of 17.32 (2019), even though there were already significantly increased from 0.39% (2014).The achievement target the national road length based on IRI was <4,0m/km, has increased from 56.66% (2014) to 90.37% (2019), as well as the national road based on SDI <50, from 86.53% (2014) up to 97.65% ( 2019).
The research result showed an antagonistic condition, for the road width of 7.0 meter with IRI value of < 4.0 m/km has already fulfilled almost 100% ( 2019), yet unable to service vehicle traffic with speed more than 60 km/hour and travel time was way above 1.5 hour/100 km.This was due to the absence of national road modernization program that has substandard geometrical road improvement program.(2019), road length that undergoes widening to 7 meters and with IRI value of <4.0 m/km apparently did not affect the road length enhancement which has the travel time of <1.5 hour/100 km.This was caused due to the absence of the suggestion on the special management program for improvement on the geometrically substandard road.

Suggestions
Development for further road network management program necessity should consider: a) Coordination with stakeholder on the policy of handling the unideal traffic.b) Analysis on the road by per segment, in order to produce a more detailed management suggestion.c) Program suggestion with management type of fly over, under pass, or bypass, as the improvement solution to the unideal road performance (traffic).

Figure
Figure 4. National Road Management Program in South Sumatra Province (2016)

Table 1 .
Program for national road network management(Directorate General of Bina Marga, 2014) up to 14 meter (city road) Figure 1.Plan of national road network estimation need Figure 2. Research Steps.Existing condition of National Road [1] very poor, [2] poor, [3] fair, [4] good, [5] very good, [6] excellent Maintenance needs IRI SDI ADT (V) V/C Ratio Vehicle Speed (LV) Time Travel (TT) Programming Estimation of Proposed Road Network Maintenance Identification of National Road Maintenance Needs Program (2015-2019) Priority Level in Developing Area [1] Very important, [2] Important [3] Less important, [4] Not important KSN/PKN Support Multimodal Transport Support Sislognas Support Support of Resort and Key Area Gas, Mineral, and Mining Sector Support KSPN Support Support of Conservation Area and National Park Achieved Strategic Planning of Bina Marga (2010-2014) Strategic Planning of Bina Marga (2015-2019) Prediction of National Road Maintenance Needs Every Year within 2015-2019 Problem Identification and Data CollectionThe analysis result on area development interest level that is traversed by the national road in South Sumatra was 2.2 (important) from maximum scale of 4.00.Generally, the analysis result showed that the area development interest level that is traversed by the national road is smaller than the mean value of the area development interest level of the total national road network area.This means that generally the interest level of the national road network management in the South Sumatra was in an important category, as seen from the development interest of the South Sumatra area.Length of the national road that has lower area development interest rank than the mean rank of total national network was 798.57km (55.29%) which consist of: (a) east traffic of 30.48% (440.16km), (b) middle traffic of 13.12% (189.44km),(c) connecting traffic of 11.70% (168.97 km).
rank of area development interest level has resulted in an optimal, effective, and efficient road management program.The multi-criteria analysis that was based on the Directorate General Bina Marga 2015-2019 strategic plan program could result in the suggestion for national road management necessity for South Sumatra Province in 2015-2019, which are as follows: a) Maintenance needs in 2015 including (1) routine maintenance of 95.86% consists of 48.11% minor routine, 19.51% routine condition, and 30.22% routine preventive, (2) periodical maintenance 2.61%, (3) structure enhancement 1.53%, consists of 0.55% major rehabilitation, and 0.99% reconstruction, and (4) capacity enhancement of 12.13%, consists of 9.87% of 7.00 meter widening, and 2.26% of 14.00 meter widening.

Table 2 .
Achievement target of national road length in South Sumatra Province based on direction of Strategic Plan of Directorate General Bina Marga 2015-2019 (%)

Table 2 .
Achievement target of national road length in South Sumatra Province based on direction of Strategic Plan of Directorate General Bina Marga 2015-2019 (%) (continued) The target for road length widening was achieved to 7.0 m (medium road), 100% fulfilled in 2019, and increased from 73.76% in 2014.This condition is quite optimal because 97.83% of the road length has achieved V/C ratio < 0.75 (2019), although the increase was not significant from the 96.67% in 2014.b) Achievement target for national road length that has travel speed of >60 km/hour (arterial road function) was still too low in 2019, although there were already significantly increased from 1.88% in 2014.c) Achievement target of the national road length based on travel speed < 1.5 hour/100 km was still low (2019), even though there were already significantly increased from 0.39% (2014).d) The achievement target the national road length with IRI value of <4.0 m/km increased from 56.66% (2014) to 90.37% (2019), as well as the national road with SDI <50, from 86.53% (2014) up to 97.65% (2019).For achievement of 100%