Correlation Between Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Depression in Patient with Heart Failure Reduced Ejection Fraction in Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta

Imanuel Maryo Somba; Noor Asyiqah Sofia; Vita Yanti Anggraeni

doi:10.22146/actainterna.101285

Correlation Between Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Depression in Patient with Heart Failure Reduced Ejection Fraction in Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta

https://doi.org/10.22146/actainterna.101285

Imanuel Maryo Somba⁽¹⁾, Noor Asyiqah Sofia^(2*), Vita Yanti Anggraeni⁽³⁾

(1) Internal Medicine Specialist Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Sardjito Hospital
(2) Division of Psychosomatic, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Sardjito Hospital
(3) Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Sardjito Hospital
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Background. Depression is highly prevalent in patients with heart failure reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The pathophysiology between these two conditions is related to the inflammation process, therefore some inflammatory markers can be used to assess those conditions. In recent years, the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has been developed as a simple and inexpensive indicator of inflammation. Unfortunately, we did not find any study that assessed the correlation between SII and depression in patients with HFrEF.

Objective. To investigate the correlation between SII and depression in patients with HFrEF in Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta

Methods. This was a cross-sectional study on patients with HFrEF in Sardjito Hospital between February 2023 and May 2023. The normality test was carried out using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Bivariate analysis was carried out using the Spearman correlation test. The result was considered statistically significant when p-value <0.05. Multivariate analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression test.

Results. There were 47 HFrEF patients with depression. There was a significant relationship between SII and depression scores from the Spearman Correlation test results of SII with depression scores, with p=0.009. The result showed that the higher the SII, the higher the depression score. The correlation coefficient between the two variables was r=0.375, showing that the correlation was in the weak category.

Conclusion. There is a positive correlation between the systemic immune-inflammation index and depression in patients with heart failure reduced ejection fraction.

Keywords

Depression, SII, Heart Failure

References

Sokoreli I, de Vries JJ, Pauws SC, Steyerberg EW. Depression and anxiety as predictors of mortality among heart failure patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Fail Rev 2016; 21:49–63.

Ghosh RK, Ball S, Prasad V, Gupta A. Depression in heart failure: Intricate relationship, pathophysiology and most updated evidence of interventions from recent clinical studies. Int J Cardiol. 2016 Dec 1;224:170-177.

Leonard BE. (2017) ‘Inflammation and depression: a causal or coincidental link to the pathophysiology’, Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology.

Hu J, Zhou W, Zhou Z, Han J, Dong W. Elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios predict post-stroke depression with acute ischemic stroke. Exp Ther Med. 2020;19 (4):2497–2504.

Li C, et al. (2018) ‘Systemic immune-inflammation index, SII, for prognosis of elderly patients with newly diagnosed tumors’, Oncotarget, 9(82), pp. 35293–35299.

Stordal E, Mykletun A, Dahl AA. The association between age and depression in the general population: a multivariate examination. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2003 Feb;107(2):132-41.

Allabadi H, Nicole Probst-Hensch N, Alkaiyat A, et al. Mediators of gender effects on depression among cardiovascular disease patients in Palestine. BMC Psychiatry (2019) 19:284.

Zhou L, Ma X, Wang W. Inflammation and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Patients with Depression in China Mainland: A Cross-Sectional Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2020 Jan 9;16:81-86.

Van Melle, J.P.; de Jonge, P.; Ormel, J.; Crijns, H.; van Veldhuisen, D.J.; Honig, A.; Schene, A.H.; van den Berg, M.P.; Investigators, M.-I. Relationship between left ventricular dysfunction and depression following myocardial infarction: Data from the MIND-IT. Eur. Heart J. 2005, 26, 2650–2656.

Zhang L, Bao Y, Tao S, Zhao Y, Liu M. The association between cardiovascular drugs and depression/anxiety in patients with cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res. 2022 Jan;175:106024.

Howren MB, Lamkin DM, Suls J. Associations of depression with C-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6: a meta-analysis. Psychosom Med. 2009; 71:171–86.

Lolli C, Caffo O, Scarpi E, et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts the clinical outcome in patients with mCRPC treated with abiraterone. Front Pharmacol. 2016;7:376.

Liguori I, Russo G, Curcio F, Sasso G, Della-Morte D, Gargiulo G, Pirozzi F, Cacciatore F, Bonaduce D, Abete P, Testa G. Depression and chronic heart failure in the elderly: an intriguing relationship. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2018 Jun;15(6):451-459.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/actainterna.101285