THE ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS, RISK, AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF MINAPADI (PADDY-FISH INTEGRATION FARMING SYSTEM) IN SLEMAN DISTRICT

This study aims (1) to determine the income and feasibility of cultivation business using minapadi system (2) to know the level of cost risk, income and profit of farming minapadi, (3) to know the development strategy of cultivation using minapadi system in Sleman District of Yogyakarta. To analyse and interpret the data, it used descriptive analysis method. The location of the research was determined purposively it was in Seyegan Sub District. The number of respondents in this research was 43 farmers which consist of 23 minapadi farmers and 20 non minapadi farmers. The analysis used in this research was income, feasibility, risk and SWOT analysis. The result of the analysis showed that the income and profit of minapadi farmers are more than the non-minapadi farmers. The feasibility analysis of farming system in conducting the cultivation using minapadi system and non minapadi system respectively at 1.43 and 1.27, so that these two businesses are worthy to run since the value of R/C ratio was more than 1. The risk analysis shows that in the farm integrating minapadi has lower risk of costs, revenues, and profits. The appropriate strategy for the development of minapadi farming is the S-T strategy which is by utilizing the strengths to minimize the threats.

continuously.In 2015, fish consumption in Yogyakarta is 24.68 kg/kap/year.The fulfillment of fish needs in Yogyakarta Province is currently derived from the capture fisheries and the aquaculture fisheries.
The high demand of fish that is not balanced with the availability of fish in Yogyakarta is a serious problem to be noted.Although, the existing data states that the growth of fish production in Yogyakarta is rapid, the production has not been able to meet the needs of fish in Yogyakarta.One of the producers of cultivated fish in Yogyakarta Province is Sleman Regency.Cultivation using minapadi system at this time is the most preferred method since the farmers will obtain higher profit.
The practice of cultivation using minapadi system is one example that can be seen in Sleman District.Sleman District has a land that almost the entire of it gets irrigation so that the availability of water is quite abundant and makes the farmers of the area can do the cultivation using minapadi system considering the water sufficiency is an important factor in conducting this

INTRODUCTION
The agricultural sector has a strategic role in the realization of food security at the national, regional, up to the household level.Among the many types of food, rice is still a staple food for most people of Indonesia.A program to increase food security is directed to meet the national food needs of the community.The availability of good water in the paddy fields will allow the utilization of the means of production to be more incentives, in addition the absorption of nutrient elements become more effective so as to provide greater productivity (Tahir et al., 2011).Ghofur (2017) argued that fish farming by utilizing irrigation water will obtain a better result.
Farmers who cultivate rice using minapadi system will get two advantages of earning income from rice or from fish.
According to Hermawati (2016) The purposes of this study are (1) to determine the ratio of farmers' income who cultivate rice using minapadi system and non minapadi system, (2) knowing the risk level of cost, income and profit in the practice of cultivation using minapadi and non minapadi system,(2) the strategy development of the cultivation using minapadi system in Sleman District,

METHODS
The basic method used in this research was the analytical descriptive method in which the method focuses on solving the problems that exist in the present and on the actual problems.The collected data was initially compiled, described and then analyzed.Seyegan subdistrict was chosen as the research location because it is one of the areas that contribute to the rice production in Sleman District.
Seyegan Sub-district is also an area which conducts rice cultivation using minapadi system since 2011 and is a pilot area for minapadi system.

Respondents (Samples)
Respondents were chosen by using purposive method.The purposive method is the way of taking the research area by considering the reason of the research area.Village.

Analysis Method
The data analysis method was used to know how much the comparison of the income of minapadi and non minapadi farmer and to know the feasibility of minapadi business using the farming analysis and then measuring how much the risk of cost, income and profit by using the risk analysis.Further analysis was conducted to find out the proper development strategy in minapadi farming using SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat).
a.The Analysis of farm income and feasibility

Farm costs
The cost of farming is the value of the use of production facilities and others that may be obtained by buying, so that the expenses are in the form of cash but there are also that the means of the production used are derived from the results of the farming itself.Cash costs generally cover fixed costs and variable costs.
Costs taken into account in this study are the costs which actually incurred in minapadi farming, including: the cost of purchasing the production facilities (seeds, fertilizers and pesticides), the cost of purchasing the equipment, the cost of the foreign workers, and the rent of the field.
According to Suratiyah (2015), the total cost can be formulated as follows.

Feasibility Analysis of Farming
To analyze the feasibility of farming, R/C ratio analysis was used.
According to Suratiyah (2015), R/C ratio can be formulated as follows: Information: Strategies that should be applied is a strategy of diversification.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Analysis of farm income and feasibility

Farm costs
The

Farming Revenue
Revenue is obtained from the product between the amount of product produced and the price of the product.Untari (2014) suggests that the magnitude of acceptance depends on the amount of product produced with the selling price of the product.
The greater the number of products and product prices then farmers ' acceptance will also be getting bigger.There are two products namely rice and fish in minapadi The respondent farmers generally sell their crops directly to the collectors or middlemen.The following is the average of minapadi and non minapadi farm revenue per planting season.
From the table 2, it shows that the revenue of minapadi farming system was higher than non minapadi farming.

Income and Profit
Income in a farm is the difference between the revenues and the explicit costs, while farm profits are derived from the difference between income and total cost consists of explicit and implicit costs.
According to Wicaksono (2011), revenue farming is calculated from the receipt is reduced by the cost of production in the form of an explicit cost.The average revenue and income as well as profits of minapadi and non minapadi farms which is obtained per season in 1 ha can be seen in table 3.
From the table 3, it shows that the total farming income of minapadi per ha is IDR 28,179,821.24, while the non minapadi farming is IDR 6,627,224.38per ha.Minapadi farm income is greater than non minapadi farming system.
Minapadi farming results in the form of paddy and fish, which are the factors that result in a higher income and profitability of the farmers.Farmers will receive the income from the sale of rice and fish sales.The price of products that tend to be unstable resulting in farmers will receive higher profits.The profit of farmers if they do the rice cultivation will be higher by 5 times than the profit if they do the non minapadi cultivation.However, the costs incurred in conducting the cultivation should also be taken into account, because in the cultivation of minapadi, farmers will incurred higher costs because of the additional cost for fish cultivation.

The feasibility of farming
Business feasibility is derived from the division between revenue and total costs incurred in the cultivation business which includes explicit costs and implicit costs.If the ratio value obtained more than 1 then the farming is feasible to run, meanwhile if the ratio value is less than 1 then this business is not feasible to run.The feasibility analysis of minapadi and non minapadi farming can be seen in table 4.
From table 4 above, it shows that minapadi or non minapadi farms are equally feasible to be cultivated because the value of R/C ratio is more than 1.In minapadi farming, the value of R/C ratio is 1.43 which means that the cultivation business using minapadi system is worth to cultivate.The R/C ratio of 1.43 means that every IDR 1 incurred will get revenue of IDR 1.43.The value of R/C ratio obtained from the business using the minapadi system is greater than the value of R/C ratio of non minapadi system that is equal to 1.27.Therefore, it can be concluded that minapadi farming is more profitable compared to the non minapadi farming.

Cost and Income Risk
Farmers in a business would want a high income.This income is derived incur additional costs for fish farming so that the cost incurred by the farmers is higher.
From table 6, it shows that the variation coefficient value of minapadi farming is higher than non-minapadi farming.The variation coefficient value for minapadi farming is 0.61 and for non minapadi farming is 0.39.This means that in minapadi farming, every IDR 1 return obtained by farmers generate risk of 0.61 whereas in non minapadi farming business, every IDR 1 return generated farmers, then the risk level is 0.39.From the result, it is seen that the standard deviation value of minapadi farming system is bigger than non minapadi farming system, so it can be concluded that minapadi farming is more risky than non minapadi farming.Although minapadi business income risks are higher, farmers will also earn higher income.This is according to Suyati (2015), that the greater the risk taken, the greater the expected returns received.

The Risks of Profit
In the cultivation of agriculture, the farmers would expect to get high profits.
Profits are the result of reduced receipts and total costs consists of explicit costs and implicit costs.
In minapadi and non minapadi farming profit risks as shown in the From table 8 seem that the highest value on the strength that is increasing the production of rice cultivation when doing minapadi.In doing average production culture of rice will increase.Fish feces will become organic fertilizer to soil that is beneficial to the rice plant.According to Tahir et al. (2011) the presence of organic materials in sufficient amount in the long run will increase the soil microbes, so that will increase the efficiency of nutrient supply.If these conditions continue to be maintained, then the country will not land a significant decline of fertility.In addition to the conditions will be more conducive to land caused by the movement of the fish.According to Nariratih et al. (2013) are the source of organic material, organic colloids have many advantages such as being able to provide macro and micro nutrient, metal element that is inhibiting toxins, improve the capacity of supporting water, new energy sources for soil organisms as well as are environmentally friendly so that the presence of organic material can increase the growth and crop yield.
On factors of weakness, a weakness there is highest on capital owned by Source: Primary Data Analysis, 2017 In addition, extension officers will guide farmers to be able to do the process well and true cultivation.According to Sadono (2008) the purpose of the extension is so that farmers know, willing, and able to deal with the problem properly and satisfactorily or otherwise generate an independent farmer is only possible if done approach that prioritizes the human and the process of their learning.
On site research the existing extension officers there assisting in the conduct of

Conclusion
In conducting minapadi farming, the number of earnings and profits of the farmers was higher than doing non minapadi business.In minapadi farming analysis, it does require a high enough cost because of the additional cost for conducting the fish farming.For farming income and profit, the cultivation business which uses minapadi system was higher than the non minapadi.
In the ratio of the feasibility of (R/C ratio) minapadi and non minapadi farming, the value obtained is 1.43 and 1.27 so that these two businesses were feasible to run.The R/C ratio of minapadi farming system was higher than the R/C ratio of non minapadi farming.Therefore, in conducting minapadi farming, it is more profitable than in non minapadi.
Risk analysis was measured from the variation coefficient value in farming.
The coefficient value of variation in cost, income and profit in minapadi farming was higher than in non minapadi farming.This means that minapadi farming is risky than non minapadi farming.Although minapadi farming is risky at cost, income and profit, the farmers will get a higher income and profit compared to non minapadi farming.
In determining the strategy of farming

The
Indonesian government tries to meet the rice needs of domestic production by making self-sufficient rice as a national policy.The basic problem exists for the farmers is the low farmer income because most farmers only have narrow field.One way to increase the farmers' income without leaving rice cultivationis by planting using minapadi system.Sularno and Jauhari (2014) in their research suggest that the agribusiness of minapadi can increase the net income by 35.29%.The need for fish in Yogyakarta which tends to increase resulted in the addition of fish supply from outside Yogyakarta.Fish production in Yogyakarta has not been able to meet the needs of fish in Yogyakarta province.Fish consumption needs in Yogyakarta from year to year increase cultivation.According to Supartama et al. (2013) use of water is one of the most important factors in the field of agriculture.
, the cultivation with two commodities will increase farmer income and also reduce the risk of crop failures as well as market risk mainly by the prices of the products and means of production.When one type of plant harvested failed, farmers still have other products that are harvested.But cultivation using this minapadi system has a high risk whether it is from the production, cost, income or profit.Costs incurred by the farmers tends to be quite high because in one field, it cultivates two commodities at once.According toKurniawan (2016) the activities of combining crops cannot minimize the risks compared to the farmers who practice cultivation with just one commodity.
Samples were taken from the farmers in Seyegan sub-district were 43 farmers which consist of 23 minapadi farmers and 20 non minapadi farmers.Samples were taken from various hamlets with the consideration that the farmers have experience in cultivating rice crops.The samples of minapadi data taken from 3 hamlets are Mandungan, Cibuk and Kandangan, while for non minapadi samples were taken from Margokaton

TC
cost of minapadi and non minapadi cultivation (IDR) TFC = Total fixed costs incurred in the cultivation of minapadi and non minapadi (to Ely & Darwanto (2014) Analysis of the income of farming provides an overview of the extent to which the level of success in managing a business compared to the average business, land and economic opportunities that exist in the same location in which land and economic opportunities are the same.According to Suratiyah (2015) the formula of farm income is as follows: NR = TR -TC Information: NR = The Net Revenue from minapadi and non minapadi (IDR) TR = The total Revenue earned by the farmers (IDR) TC = Total Cost incurred by the farmers of minapadi and non minapadi (IDR) The Farm Profits The profit of minapadi cultivation farming is the difference between the revenue and the explicit as well as the implicit costs of the minapadi and non minapadi cultivation or the difference between the production income and the implicit cost.According to Suratiyah (2015) the profit formula is as follows: Π = NR -TC implicit Information: NR = The Net Revenue of Minapadi and non minapadi farm income (IDR) TC implicit = The costs which are considered in the cultivation of minapadi and non minapadi (IDR) The total revenue earned by the farmers before minus minapadi and non minapadi farming costs (IDR) TC = The total cost used in cultivation (IDR) Decision Making Criteria: R/C ratio> 1 : The production Cost used by the farmers is efficient R / C ratio <1: The production cost used by the farmers is not efficient b.Risk Analysis of Farming Risk is an uncertain situation which is faced by a person or company that can have an adverse impact.The risk analysis on the cultivation business with minapadi system includes cost risk analysis, income and profit which is done by the means of the coefficient analysis.According to Prihtanti (2014) the value of the coefficient of variation is higher level of risk encountered will be greater than the value of the coefficient of variation is lower.According to Kurniati et al. (2014)to know the risk in conducting cultivation using minapadi or non minapadi system, the following formula can be used: Information: CV = The coefficient variation cost, revenue and profit risk (IDR) s = The standart deviation cost, income and profit (IDR) = The average cost, income and profits incurred by farmers (IDR) standard deviation of costs, revenues and profits s 2 = The variance c.Development Strategy Development strategy of minapadi f a r m i n g u s i n g S W O T a n a l y s i s .SWOT analysis is used to facilitate the formulation of strategic factors in conducting the cultivation using minapadi system.According to Nutfah (2015) the SWOT analysis comparing between internal and external factors with the assumption that an effective strategy that will maximize the strengths and minimize the weaknesses as well as opportunities and threats.According to Rangkuti (2011), the SWOT analysis comparing between internal factors (strength and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) that will result in four possible strategies, namely: 1. SO strategy (Strengths-Opportunities), the situation is very favorable.An attempt to have the opportunities and strengths that it can capitalize on existing strengths.The strategy should be applied in these conditions is a growth oriented strategy.2. WO (Weaknesses-Opportunities) Despite facing various threats, an effort still has strength in terms of internal.
3. Strategy ST (Strengths-Threats), an attempt had a great opportunity but on the other hand are facing the downside of internal side 4. WT strategy (Weaknessis-threats), is a strategy formulated by reducing the weaknesses while anticipating or minimizing the threats that arise.
this minapadi business, the respondent farmers mostly cultivate in their own field.In minapadi business, there are additional production costs beyond the rice farming such as the addition of fish seed and fish feed costs.One success in the conduct of aquaculture is the availability of quality fish seed and feed availability.Most of the costs incurred is the cost of fish feed because the cost is 44.7% of the total cost incurred by the farmers.In minapadi farming, there is an addition of workforce both within and outside due to the addition of fish farming in the cultivation, for example the installation of nets and mulch as well as feeding fish.Fish feeding is done Agro Ekonomi Vol.29/No.1, Juni 2018 2 times a day.For the cost of the labor outside the family, the payment system is done on a daily basis.In non minapadi farming, the total cost is IDR 14,128,327.41 per ha.In conducting non minapadi farming, chemical fertilizers which is used in rice cultivation is much more than the minapadi farming.The use of pesticides in non minapadi farming is also higher than in minapadi.In minapadi farming, the majority of farmers will reduce the use of pesticides because it will affect the growth of the fish.The use of pesticides is done if pest and disease attacks cannot be mechanically resolved.Suharyanto et al. (2015) suggests that pesticide use regardless of the threshold of use will impact negatively.The use of pesticides will increase production costs also would threaten the existence of natural enemies will even improve resistance to pests and diseases farm revenue was derived from the sale of rice and fish produced in the cultivation business.Rice produced in minapadi farming is higher than non minapadi farming.The yield of rice obtained from minapadi farming is higher by 13% than non minapadi farming.The dirt from fish cultivation into organic material for soil, results in more fertile fields of the rice fields and more impact on the high production of the rice.The price of paddy produced by minapadi and non minapadi is relatively the same.Farmers sell the majority of paddy products to the middlemen.As for the sale of fish, farmers usually sell it to the groups of farmers or to the middlemen.
the cultivation system with minapadi, so that the average farmer succeeded in doing such cultivation.The threat factor in farming fish seedling price minapadi is relatively high.Fish seedlings is one of success in doing farming.Increasing the number of farmers who want to cultivate minapadi result in increased demand for fish seeds.The high demand that is not matched by the availability of fish seeds leads to the high price of fish seeds.In addition, the cultivators who provide fish seeds in the study sites only slightly so that the import of fish seeds from other locations.To find out the right strategy in minapadi farming development in Sleman Regency based on internal and external factors, there is a reduction between the number of strengths and weaknesses (to know the X axis) and the reduction between opportunity and threat factors (to know Y axis).

From
the calculation above, it shows that the coordinates X and Y obtained are at the point of 0.408 and -0.101, so that minapadi farming conditions are in quadrant II or in a position of diversification.picture above, the cultivation of business minapadi are in quadrant II or in a diversification position.Being in quadrant II means that cultivation using minapadi system has a threat in its development but it still has internal strength.The right strategy in doing minapadi farming development is S-T strategy which means to take advantage of its strength to minimize the threats.The development strategy can be done as follows: Farmer groups establish cooperation with financial institutions (S1,S2,T1) The number of capital in minapadi farming is one of the obstacles that needs to be paid attention that the considerable cost usage in minapadi farming.The role of farmer groups is important in sustainability of this minapadi cultivation business.The farmer groups are expected to establish cooperation with financial institutions in providing loans to the farmers.The increased rice production and the farmer earnings that get higher can serve as one of the confidence capital to cooperate with the existing financial institutions.The preparation of self-sufficient fish breeding program (S5,S8,T3,T4) Fish seedling is one of a must v a r i a b l e i n c o n d u c t i n g m i n a p a d i cultivation.Constraints often arise in the cultivation simplify like the lack of supply of fish seedlings in conducting the cultivation areas that have advantages such as having the availability of adequate and safe water from floods which can be utilized to provide fish seedlings in the farmer groups in order to supply the needs of fish seedlings required by the farmers.In addition, fish seedlings provided by the farmer groups can reduce production costs incurred by minapadi farmers.Setting the cropping planting and reviving the system of mutual cooperation between farmers (S3,S6,S7,T2) Cropping pattern or timing when the cultivation is one aspect of success in the cultivation since setting the cropping planting can break the chain of pests and diseases that attack the plant.Simultaneous cropping pattern allows farmers to work together to help other farmers in cultivation.The system of mutual cooperation is done in turns so that the communication between the farmers does exist.Therefore, when there are constraints in the area of cultivation, it can be completed together.Optimizing the role of the farmer groups by distributing minapadi products (S1,S2,T1) Products produced by the average farmer are still bought by the collectors.Farmer group is expected to be a container to accommodate the products minapadi so that the sale price of these products can be higher.It can also motivate the farmers to meet regularly.The meeting will be utilized for the development of minapadi farming system.Make the village where the cultivation takes place as a pilot village to minapadi (S1,S2,S4,T2) The location where the cultivation takes place can be used as a pilot village for the cultivation minapadi.The increase of farmers' income and the increase of rice production are ones of the results that already obtained by the farmers in cultivation.Making a pilot village is also a form of socialization for the farmers around to do the cultivation by using the minapadi system.
development in Sleman regency, the right strategy position was in quadrant II or in significant diversification position in the development of this minapadi cultivation business using the strength to minimize the existing weakness.The right strategy in developing minapadi cultivation is by using S-T strategy.Suggestion To develop farming minapadi Regency of Sleman, the necessary business development strategies of cultivating.This strategy can be in the form of a group of farmers cooperating with the financial institution, making self-sufficient breeding program, arranging cropping pattern and reviving the system of mutual cooperation among the farmers, optimizing the role of farmer groups by distributing minapadi products, and making the village where the

Table 1 .
Average Costs incurred per area of the field (1 ha) per season in minapadi and non minapadi farms

Table 2 .
The Average of Minapadi and Non Minapadi Farm Revenue per Ha per Season

Table 3 .
The Average Income and Profit of Minapadi and Non per Ha per Season

Table 4 .
The Analysis of Minapadi and Non Minapadi Farming Suggestion per Ha per Season Source: Primary Data Analysis 2017

Table 8 .
Matrix IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis System)

Table 10 .
Results of Internal and External scoring factors of minapadi farming