SUSTAINABILITY CONCERNS OF SMALL RUMINANT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES IN YOGYAKARTA-INDONESIA



I. G. S. Budisatria(1*), T. W. Murti(2), Endang Baliarti(3), H. M. J. Udo(4), A. J. van der Zijpp(5)

(1) Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Agra-Karangmalang l, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(2) Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Agra-Karangmalang l, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(3) Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Agra-Karangmalang l, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(4) Animal Production Systems Group, WIAS-Wageningen University, Marzjkeweg 40, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
(5) Animal Production Systems Group, WIAS-Wageningen University, Marzjkeweg 40, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Sustainability has become an agenda item in livestock development programmes
as they do not succeed in meeting their objectives and because of the impacts of animal production on the environment. This study report on the sustainability development of small ruminants in different agro-ecozones. The issues explored in this study consisted of socio-economic issue, ecological issues, and small ruminants performance issues. These issues were based on the relative of importance of each issue in Yogyakarta-Indonesia. Indicators of socio-economic issues were: farmers’ income (S11), opportunity cost of family labour (S12), benefit in saving (S3), and benefit in security (S14). The S1 of small ruminant performance were consisted of litter size (S15), lambing/kidding intervals (S16), survival until weaning (S17), daily gain of pre-weaning (S13), and weaning age (S19). The ecological issue were consisted of level of gases in the air and water. 1t was NH; (S110), NO; (S111), and 1-1;S (S112) levels found on the air around small ruminant houses, and Faecal coliform (S113), total coliform (S114) and nitrate (S115) levels found on the water resources around small ruminant houses. The actual value of this study had compared with the acceptable limit of their parameters assessed by the local government in order to study the contribution to the sustainability development.
Small ruminant in all three zones fail to contribute to the more sustainable development
of small ruminant, in terms of economic issues, expect for the benefit security (S14)
issue. The greater contribution of different agro-ecozones to the sustainable
development of small ruminants was performed in the ecological S1 point of views.
Most of the ecological S1 succeeds in contributing of sustainable development, except
for the ecological S1 which related to the groundwater quality. The study on sustainable
development of small ruminants in three agro-ecozones showed that each zone had less
contribution to the sustainable development in term of economic issue, such as farmers
income and hired labour, while for the ecological aspects, all of the three agro-ecozone
had succeed in contributing sustainable development of small ruminants, although
sustainable indicator which related to the ground water quality seem to be failed.


Keywords


Sustainability, Small Ruminants, Indonesia

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